Articles tagged with Pyramidal Neurons
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Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered that the protein DOCK7 regulates the fate decision of radial glial cells, determining whether they proliferate or differentiate into neurons. DOCK7 interacts with TACC3 to control interkinetic nuclear migration, a mechanism essential for cortical development.
MIT neuroscientists discovered that two major classes of brain cells repress neural activity through simple yet profound mathematical computations. The findings could help scientists understand diseases caused by imbalances in brain inhibition and excitation, including autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.
A gene duplication, occurring 2.4 million years ago, allowed maturing neurons to migrate farther and develop more connections. This extra copy of the SRGAP2 gene interfered with its original function, effectively giving neurons more time to wire themselves into a bigger brain.
Physicians at Barrow Neurological Institute have written a biography of Ukrainian anatomist Vladimir Betz, who discovered giant pyramidal neurons known as Betz cells. These cells' function with cortical organization was a turning point in neuroscience, revolutionizing cell fixation and staining methods.
The study reveals that neurons normalize receiving signals by adjusting their morphological characteristics, making it easier to receive farther signals. The research team's 3D image reconstruction of minute dendritic tree morphology demonstrates the size and distance of dendritic trees determine signal clarity and strength.
Researchers discovered that membrane potential-dependent modulation of recurrent inhibition is a key mechanism for maintaining dynamic balance of excitation and inhibition in the cortex. This finding has implications for understanding cortical rhythms and preventing abnormal cortical activities during seizures.
Scientists have identified a new area of the brain that generates excitatory neurons in adults, which arise from non-neuronal support cells. This finding has significant implications for regenerative medicine and may lead to new treatments for brain injuries or disorders.
Researchers have developed a mouse model that exhibits schizophrenia-like behavior, allowing for better understanding and potential treatments. The mouse's impaired short-term memory and increased movement are similar to those seen in human patients with schizophrenia, providing a valuable tool for studying the disorder.
Researchers discover complex events initiated by individual spikes in the human cerebral cortex, triggered by specific chandelier cells. The study suggests that humans possess different types of cells contributing to higher cognition.
Researchers distinguish between two classes of brain cells with distinct roles in visual attention and highlight mechanisms by which they mediate attention. They found that neurons respond more strongly when attention is directed to the stimulus in their receptive fields, with narrow-spiking cells firing more frequently under attention.
Scientists at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a mechanism controlling how the brain maintains equilibrium in neuronal activity. A rare cell type, Martinotti cell, acts as a safety device by sending inhibitory signals to surrounding pyramid cells when activated excessively.
Researchers discovered that adult interneurons in the visual cortex can dynamically change their branch tips through growth, retraction, and new additions. This finding highlights the complex dynamic properties of cortical neurons, which may underlie observed functional reorganizations.
Stanford researchers have found that a group of brain cells release cannabinoids to quiet their own activity, regulating information processing. This discovery may lead to the development of medications that selectively bind and block cannabinoid receptors, potentially treating epilepsy and other conditions.
Researchers at the University of Southern California challenge the 'arithmetic' neurons use to process information, finding that summation depends on input location. The study reveals a two-layer model of processing, with local thresholds in separate branches and linear summation at the cell body.
The study found that interneurons inhibit pyramidal cells in two ways, allowing the brain to remain alert without becoming overloaded. This mechanism is crucial in preventing epilepsy, where the brain becomes disorganized and overwhelmed.