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Science News for December 28, 2009


Common mechanism underlies many diseases of excitability

Researchers have discovered a common mechanism underlying many diseases of excitability, characterized by overactivity of cells relying on electrical currents. The mutations alter the opening of sodium channels, leading to rapid resurgent currents that trigger second electrical impulses.

SourceJCI Journals·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateDec 28, 2009

Schizophrenia mouse model should improve understanding and treatment of the disorder

Researchers have developed a mouse model that exhibits schizophrenia-like behavior, allowing for better understanding and potential treatments. The mouse's impaired short-term memory and increased movement are similar to those seen in human patients with schizophrenia, providing a valuable tool for studying the disorder.

SourceMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 28, 2009

New RNA interference technique can silence up to 5 genes

Researchers at MIT have developed a novel RNA interference technique that can silence multiple genes in the liver, offering potential new treatments for diseases such as cancer. The breakthrough delivery method uses lipid-like molecules to improve efficacy and reduce dosage requirements.

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 28, 2009

Small molecules found to protect cells in multiple models of Parkinson's disease

Researchers discovered four small molecules capable of protecting cells from alpha-synuclein toxicity, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. The compounds improved protein trafficking and decreased mitochondrial damage in multiple models, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for the disease.

SourceWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research·JournalDisease Models & Mechanisms·DateDec 28, 2009
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

Rice scientists divide and conquer

Researchers have discovered a way to visualize iron-sulfur clusters in living cells using a custom protein tag, enabling analysis of diseases involving these metalloclusters. This technique has high potential for helping find real treatments for diseases such as Friedreich's ataxia and myopathy.

SourceRice University·JournalChemistry & Biology·DateDec 28, 2009

JCI table of contents: Dec. 28, 2009

Researchers have identified Notch signaling pathway activation in human angiomyolipomas and TSC2-deficient rat cells, suggesting that TSC proteins regulate Notch activity. This finding supports the idea that Notch dysregulation may underlie some of the distinctive clinical features of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

SourceJCI Journals·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateDec 28, 2009

Superatoms mimic elements: Research gives new perspective on periodic table

A team of researchers at Penn State has discovered that certain combinations of elemental atoms can mimic the electronic signatures of other elements. By examining photoelectron spectroscopy data, they found similarities between titanium monoxide and nickel, zirconium monoxide and palladium, and tungsten carbide and platinum.

SourcePenn State·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 28, 2009

Johns Hopkins scientists discover a controller of brain circuitry

Researchers used a classic staining method to observe how semaphorin regulates the creation of synapses and their distribution in the brain involved in conscious thought. The discovery could have an impact on understanding early origins of neurological disorders like autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy.

SourceJohns Hopkins Medicine·JournalNature·DateDec 28, 2009
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

How amyloid beta reduces plasticity related to synaptic signaling

A study by researchers at the University of California - San Diego has found that amyloid beta reduces plasticity in dendritic spines, affecting synapse transmission and memory storage. Continuous release of Aβ is required to prevent this effect.

SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalNature Neuroscience·DateDec 28, 2009

BBS proteins shown to run an export business that protects cilia

Researchers found that BBS proteins remove excess signaling molecules to prevent damage to cilia, suggesting a new mechanism for the protein complex's function. The study suggests that BBS patients may experience cilia dysfunction due to the buildup of disruptive proteins.

SourceRockefeller University Press·JournalJournal of Cell Biology·DateDec 28, 2009

First molars provide insight into evolution of great apes, humans

Scientists used a novel approach to determine the age of first molar emergence in apes, revealing ages similar to those of modern humans. The study's findings have implications for understanding human life history and evolution.

SourceArizona State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 28, 2009
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

Drug-resistant urinary tract infections spreading worldwide

A sudden increase in antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains is spreading globally, posing a significant threat to public health. Researchers warn that the misuse of powerful antibiotics may lead to the development of even more resistant strains, rendering current treatments ineffective.

SourceFaculty of 1000·JournalF1000 Medicine Reports·DateDec 28, 2009

Researchers find clues to why some continue to eat when full

Researchers found that ghrelin, a hunger hormone, triggers mice to seek out pleasurable foods even when full. The study suggests that ghrelin may increase the rewarding aspects of eating, driving individuals to continue consuming high-calorie foods despite feelings of fullness.

SourceUT Southwestern Medical Center·JournalBiological Psychiatry·DateDec 28, 2009

Cockroaches offer inspiration for running robots

Researchers at Oregon State University are developing a legged robot that can run stably over rough terrain using principles found in insects like cockroaches and guinea hens. The goal is to create robots that can perform difficult jobs, such as military operations or space exploration, with minimal computing power.

SourceOregon State University·JournalBioinspiration & Biomimetics·DateDec 28, 2009

There may be a 'party' in your genes

A recent study published in Political Research Quarterly found that genetics may contribute to an individual's political party identification, challenging the long-held assumption that it is solely shaped by socialization factors. The study used quantitative genetic models to examine the sources of party identification and intensity.

SourceSAGE·JournalPolitical Research Quarterly·DateDec 28, 2009
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

Exposure to tobacco smoke in childhood home associated with early emphysema in adulthood

Researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that children exposed to tobacco smoke at home were more likely to develop early emphysema in adulthood. The study used CT scans to examine the association between childhood exposure and lung damage, with participants who lived with multiple smokers showing high...

SourceColumbia University's Mailman School of Public Health·JournalAmerican Journal of Epidemiology·DateDec 28, 2009

Chloride increases response to pheromones and odors in mouse sensory neurons

Researchers found that chloride channels amplify signal transduction in mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons, increasing responsiveness to pheromones and odorants. The study used patch clamp recordings and whole cell recordings to demonstrate the critical role of chloride in this process.

SourceRockefeller University Press·JournalJournal of General Physiology·DateDec 28, 2009

A 'fountain of youth' for stem cells?

Researchers developed a self-assembling nanofiber scaffold to regulate cell activity, delaying growth and differentiation. The innovation enhances the survival rate of implanted stem cells, allowing them to maintain their youthful state and promote neural circuit regeneration.

SourceCell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair·JournalCell Transplantation·DateDec 28, 2009