Articles tagged with Brain Tissue
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Researchers found that brain volume recovery can occur within the first two weeks of abstinence, but at different rates for various brain regions. This study suggests that a minimum of two-week recovery program is necessary to help recovering addicts overcome addiction and achieve abstinence.
Researchers have identified potential therapies for managing spinal cord injury aftereffects, including deep brain stimulation, electric pulses, and social contact. Studies suggest these methods can repair nervous system damage and reduce chronic health conditions, offering new hope for those affected by SCI.
Researchers have detected male DNA in female brain tissue, a phenomenon known as microchimerism, which is common and affects multiple brain regions. The findings suggest that this long-lasting fetal DNA may be associated with altered risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Common sporadic Parkinson's disease arises from excess alpha-synuclein protein in dopamine neurons, which can be treated with drugs targeting elongated transcript forms. A blood test for alpha-synuclein may serve as a biomarker for the disease.
A new blood test has been developed to measure levels of the toxic protein that causes Huntington's disease, which builds up gradually in blood cells over time. The research found that levels of mutant huntingtin protein corresponded to brain shrinkage, and may help explain how damage accumulates, eventually causing symptoms.
The Blue Brain Project has accurately predicted the locations of synapses in a cortical microcircuit, demonstrating key principles that govern brain structure and function. This breakthrough enables the creation of near-perfect models of the nervous system, shedding light on how brains are constructed from diverse populations of neurons.
Researchers at Newcastle University have found that brain cells follow the same molecular pathway as senescent fibroblasts, leading to cell damage and age-related diseases. This discovery opens new possibilities for understanding and treating conditions like dementia and motor neuron disease.
Researchers have discovered a way to store diverse forms of artificial short-term memories in isolated brain tissue. They demonstrated that neural circuits in the hippocampus can maintain memories for more than 10 seconds and recognize specific contexts, such as sequences of stimuli. This breakthrough has significant implications for u...
New research reveals professional football players are three times more likely to die from brain-damaging diseases compared to the general population. The study found a significant increase in deaths from Alzheimer's disease and ALS among speed position players, highlighting potential risks of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg discovered how astrocytes control the formation of new neurons in the brain. By secreting specific molecules and cell-cell interactions, astrocytes regulate the birth rate of new neurons and their integration into existing neuronal networks.
Researchers study a person with extensive brain damage to regions believed critical for self-awareness, finding he remains self-aware despite damaged areas. The study suggests that self-awareness emerges from distributed interactions among networks of brain regions, not confined to specific areas.
Researchers identify ventromedial prefrontal cortex as key area controlling belief and doubt, explaining why elderly are more prone to scams. Damage to this region, particularly after age 60, can lead to increased credulity and decreased ability to distinguish misleading information.
Researchers have developed a protein-based coating that can help rehabilitate long-term brain function and prevent the brain's immune response from rejecting brain-computer interface electrodes. The coating, using an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, has shown promising results in pre-clinical studies with animal models.
Researchers have identified a potential new treatment for stroke by demonstrating the effectiveness of Anakinra (IL-1Ra) in reducing brain damage. The drug blocks inflammation and microglia cell activation, which contribute to brain injury following a stroke.
Researchers demonstrate blindsight in monkeys in everyday environments, finding they turn eyes to conspicuous portions of motion, brightness, or color. This discovery may indicate hidden visual function recovery for patients with hemianopia.
Researchers at BUSM found increased expression of FOXO1 gene in Parkinson's disease brain tissue samples. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with age at onset were also discovered, providing new insights into the genetic mechanisms of Parkinson's.
Researchers at Newcastle University have identified a unique brain wave pattern, called glissando, that can predict epileptic seizures. The study found that this pattern is highly indicative of human epilepsy and cannot be easily reproduced in non-epileptic brain tissue.
Researchers have developed a new therapy that targets a specific enzyme to stop the spread of brain bleeds and protect brain cells from further damage after a stroke. The compound has potential for use in both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, offering a longer window of treatment for patients.
A new study has found evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in brain tissue from blast-exposed military service personnel. Exposure to a single blast equivalent to an IED results in CTE and long-term brain impairments, similar to those seen in athletes with repetitive concussion injuries.
Researchers at UCLA have mapped the damaged connections in Phineas Gage's brain, revealing widespread damage to white matter pathways. The study, published in PLoS ONE, suggests that the disruption of these connections had a significant impact on Gage's personality and behavior.
Researchers used CT images and MRI data to reconstruct Phineas Gage's brain injury, finding widespread white matter damage. This study provides new insight into the neural network connectivity of Gage's brain, shedding light on his reported behavioral changes after the accident.
Researchers have found evidence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in brain tissue from blast-exposed military service personnel. The study discovered that exposure to a single blast equivalent to an IED results in CTE and long-term brain impairments, with the blast wind leading to traumatic brain injury.
Researchers found that a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease triggers a cascade of signaling that leads to leaky blood vessels and toxic substance entry into brain tissue. Blocking cyclophilin A or using the drug cyclosporine A reversed damage in mice, restoring blood flow and reducing toxic substance leakage.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center have discovered alpha-synuclein protein in the intestinal wall of patients with early Parkinson's disease, but not healthy subjects. This finding may lead to pre-motor diagnosis and accurate biomarkers for tracking its progress.
Researchers have discovered that NKCC1 protein facilitates the movement of glioblastoma cells, which are notoriously aggressive and deadly. The study also suggests that a cheap FDA-approved drug, bumetanide, could slow cell migration and contain tumor spread.
A study of Swedish boxers found elevated protein levels in brain fluid after bouts, indicating nerve cell damage. The study suggests that Olympic boxing may cause similar brain injury to Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers developed nano-devices that successfully crossed the blood-brain barrier and delivered a drug to tame brain-damaging inflammation in rabbits with cerebral palsy. The treatment improved motor skills and reduced neuro-inflammation, holding promise for treating a range of neurologic disorders.
A 'brain-only' mutation has been discovered that causes hemimegalencephaly (HMG), a condition characterized by an enlarged and dysfunctional half of the brain. This mutation is limited to brain tissue and contributes to overgrowth, intellectual disability, and severe epilepsy.
A recent study published in PloS ONE suggests that immediate skull reconstruction following traumatic brain injury can exacerbate brain damage. In contrast, delaying surgical repair for two days resulted in reduced secondary brain swelling and damage in animal models.
Researchers have developed a method to deliver nanoparticle radiation directly to brain tumors, reducing side effects by sparing surrounding healthy tissue. The treatment uses fat-enclosed nanoparticles to irradiate the tumor with up to 20 times the current dose of radiation therapy.
A new study has shed light on glaucoma prevention by highlighting the impact of X-ray treatment on monocyte entry into the optic nerve. Researchers found that mice treated with a single X-ray treatment prior to glaucoma onset were protected from developing the disease, even with other risk factors.
A study published in Neurology found that women with mild retinopathy had lower scores on cognitive tests and more brain damage than those without the condition. The researchers suggest that eye screening could be a simple way to identify people at risk of brain health issues.
A new EU project, TargetBraIn, is investigating the potential of the immune system to aid in stroke recovery. The research seeks to balance the positive and negative effects of inflammation, with the goal of developing more effective treatments for this growing health issue.
Researchers found that mild hypothermia (34C) can offset the damage caused by tPA treatment in rats, reducing swelling and damaged tissue after a stroke. The therapy may also increase the time window for tPA treatment, potentially benefiting patients who experience significant brain function loss.
Cedars-Sinai neurology researchers present research updates at the International Stroke Conference, including the use of therapeutic cooling to reduce neurological damage after stroke. Thrombin leaks into healthy brain cells after ischemic stroke, but injecting a drug to counter its effects can improve symptoms.
A new study in mice reveals that limiting oxygen supply can alleviate cognitive impairment caused by radiation therapy. Mice exposed to radiation showed significant improvement in spatial learning after undergoing chronic hypoxia treatment.
A recent study published in Neurology reveals a sophisticated link between the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS), potentially leading to new treatments and prevention strategies. Researchers found that EBV triggers inflammation and nerve cell damage in the brain, which is known to cause MS symptoms.
Research in songbirds reveals glial cells and synapses can produce estrogen, a hormone linked to neurodegenerative diseases. This discovery could provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers at KIT biologists identified key factors controlling thalamus development, enabling potential tissue replacement therapy for stroke patients. They are now developing 2D cell culture systems and 3D cultivation projects to activate these factors in undifferentiated cells.
Studies highlight brain's resiliency to damage from stroke and premature birth, proposing ways to prevent or limit harm with new treatments on the horizon.
A study characterizes epigenetic signatures of autism in brain tissue, finding hundreds of genomic loci affected by altered histone methylation. The research provides new insights into the genetic and epigenetic risk maps of developmental brain disorders.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have developed a brain probe that softens after insertion, inducing less scarring and enabling the brain to heal faster. The nanocomposite probe, inspired by the skin of the sea cucumber, changes its mechanical properties in response to water, reducing damage to surrounding brain tissue.
A new study by Rutgers neuroscientist Bonnie Firestein suggests that increased production of protein cypin may prevent long-term brain damage after a stroke. Cypin helps nerve cells survive, while excessive PSD-95 accelerates cell destruction and inhibits recovery.
Researchers identified genes responsible for thousands of tiny changes in brain tissue DNA, finding they were active in areas linked to cell renewal. The study provides new insights into how the brain works and may link retrotransposon activity to brain diseases such as Alzheimer's.
A neuroeconomics study from McGill University shows that the brain employs two separate regions and processes in valuing 'stimuli' (goods) versus 'actions'. The findings, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, provide new insights into frontal lobe damage and its effects on decision making.
Scientists developed a new tool to identify cancerous and healthy brain tissue, allowing for more precise tumor removal and reduced risk of recurrence. The tool, combining an ultrasonic aspirator with a mass spectrometer, proved successful on human brain samples in half the time previously needed.
A team from the University of Utah has received a $275,000 NIH grant to study brain tissue from patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) using advanced technology called deep sequencing. The goal is to identify viruses that might play a role in the development of PPMS and potentially lead to new treatments.
Researchers have found that chronic drinking leads to reduced cortical thickness in frontal and temporal brain regions, affecting cognitive abilities and intellectual functions. The study's results indicate that alcohol damage occurs in gradations, with more severe damage associated with higher levels of consumption.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute discovered that fetal brain damage from oxygen deprivation is linked to the action of a fatty molecule called LPA, which can be targeted with drugs. This finding provides a new strategy to limit or prevent serious developmental brain diseases.
Researchers at RIKEN have developed a new aqueous reagent, Scale, which renders biological tissue transparent, allowing for vivid 3D images of neurons and blood vessels deep inside the mouse brain. The reagent's unique properties enable visualization of fluorescently-labeled samples at unprecedented depths and levels of spatial detail.
A case study published in Cortex reveals that severe damage to the hippocampus resulting from lack of oxygen in infancy can hinder episodic memory recall. In contrast, semantic memory remains intact, supporting the theory that different areas of the brain are responsible for distinct types of memory.
Researchers aim to develop new post-stroke therapy by repairing the blood-brain barrier, which prevents harmful substances from entering the brain. If successful, this could lead to positive therapeutic outcomes for ischemic stroke patients who may have missed the limited 3-hour tPA window.
Researchers found that alpha-B-crystallin reduces brain lesion size and inflammation in mice after a stroke, even when administered 12 hours post-event. The protein acts as a brake on the immune system, lowering levels of inflammatory molecules.
Researchers discovered that damage to a small area of the right hemisphere can lead to widespread impact on remote parts of the cortex, challenging traditional assumptions about visual neuroscience. The study found that multiple areas of the brain underlie object recognition, and neural plasticity is possible even in adulthood.
Researchers examined the brain of a person with object agnosia, revealing that damage to a specific area can affect distant cortical regions. The study suggests that neural plasticity is possible even when the brain is damaged in adulthood.
A new study found that preventive use of tocotrienol, a form of natural vitamin E, reduced brain tissue damage and preserved neural connections in dogs after they suffered strokes. The research suggests that this natural supplement may be beneficial for people at high risk of stroke, such as those who have had a previous ministroke.
A Johns Hopkins team has identified a newly discovered protein called Iduna that protects the brain against stroke and neurologic disorders. The protein works by interrupting a cascade of molecular events that result in cell death, and its presence increases three- to four-fold in preconditioned mouse brain tissue.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have identified the ventromedial frontal cortex as the brain region responsible for making everyday decisions about value. The study, led by Joseph Kable, found that people with damage to this area are less consistent in their choices and unable to assign a value to certain items.
Researchers have identified a protective molecule in the brain that can rescue damaged cells and prevent further damage. By artificially increasing levels of this compound, KCC2, scientists hope to develop new treatments for conditions like stroke, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's.
Researchers discovered that wearing body armor fully protected mice brains from axonal nerve cell damage in critical parts of the brain. Body armor shielded mice from over 80% of axonal damage observed in the brain's visual pathways.