Articles tagged with Brain Tumors
In a large, international randomized trial, initial radiotherapy was compared to temozolomide chemotherapy. No significant difference in progression-free survival was observed between the two treatment strategies, with radiotherapy numerically favored. Molecular tumor characterization may allow personalized treatment approaches.
Researchers discovered that targeting CTLA-4 and OX-40 proteins on regulatory T cells can help eliminate cancer cells. Mice treated with antibodies against these proteins had smaller tumors and improved survival, including clearance of brain metastases.
A modified poliovirus is infecting and killing glioblastoma brain tumor cells with encouraging results in an ongoing phase 1 study, researchers report. The virus-based therapy, known as PVSRIPO, triggers the immune system to attack infected tumor cells.
Researchers developed a mouse model to study MPNST, identifying genes FOXR2 and NF1/PTEN pathways involved in its development. The study aims to repurpose existing therapeutics for MPNST treatment and explore new targeting strategies.
Researchers at Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry have discovered how the loss of a tumour suppressing protein leads to abnormal cell division in the brain and nervous system. The study's findings may lead to new drug-based therapies to reduce or negate the need for multiple surgeries or radiotherapies.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have identified TR4 as a protein that drives the formation of pituitary tumors in Cushing's disease, which could lead to a new therapeutic approach for this potentially life-threatening disorder. The study found that targeting this pathway could benefit treatment of CD.
Researchers at Lund University have discovered that exosome molecular profiles reflect the aggressiveness of brain tumours, offering a new approach for diagnosis and treatment. The study's findings suggest that exosomes could serve as biomarkers to guide patient care and monitor treatment response.
A gene sequencing project has identified mutations responsible for more than half of a subtype of childhood brain tumor that takes a high toll on patients. The study found that the tumors are susceptible to drugs already in development, offering new hope for treatment.
Researchers explore the potential of EVs as biomarkers, delivery vehicles, and immune modulatory tools for brain cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Extracellular vesicles may provide a way for tumor cells to alter the microenvironment, enabling growth and spread while evading immune responses.
Researchers developed a quick and simple fMRI task to localize critical brain areas governing speech and other functions. The new protocol accurately localized the anterior and posterior language areas of the brain in about 90% of subjects, including patients undergoing surgery for epilepsy or tumors.
A new MRI-guided laser treatment has been found to be safe and effective in treating recurrent glioblastoma, a type of brain tumor. The procedure uses a minimally invasive approach to destroy tumors, with nine out of ten patients showing improved response and survival rates.
Researchers at Henry Ford Hospital have discovered a novel approach for treating malignant brain tumors using microvesicles generated from mesenchymal bone marrow cells. The treatment significantly reduced tumor volume in living lab rats, suggesting a potential new therapy for glioma, a common and aggressive type of brain cancer.
Researchers at Penn Medicine developed a personalized brain mapping technique using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to preserve language, visual, and motor functions during brain tumor surgeries. This technique improved accuracy and extended survival in some cases, with a median survival time of 21.2 months.
Researchers found that blocking substance P binding to its receptor NK1 with the anti-nausea drug Emend halted brain tumor growth and caused cell death in tumor cells. This breakthrough offers new opportunities for studying possible brain tumor treatments.
Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered that mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue can seek out and destroy glioblastoma cancer cells in the brain. This innovative approach may provide a new tool for accessing difficult-to-reach areas of the brain where cancer cells proliferate.
Researchers found a high prevalence of low T3 syndrome before and after surgery, associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes and depressive symptoms. Perioperative low T3 syndrome was linked to a five-fold increased risk of poor outcome.
Researchers from Plymouth University have identified the role of Merlin in regulating axon integrity, a key factor in peripheral neuropathy. This discovery could lead to effective drug therapies for patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) suffering from peripheral neuropathy.
Researchers identified placental growth factor (PlGF) as crucial for medulloblastoma growth and spread. Blocking this pathway led to regression of all four molecular subtypes in mouse models.
Researchers describe the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence to guide resection of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme, revealing a pathway of tumor spread through brain regions inaccessible to MRI. This technique increases the success of achieving maximum resection.
A new gene, SMARCE1, has been identified as responsible for causing spinal meningioma, an inherited form of tumor. The discovery was made using next-generation sequencing technology and could lead to better testing, treatment, and care for patients.
Researchers discover pairing Avastin with dasatinib can stop lethal spread of aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme. The combination reduces tumor growth and blocks further spread by inhibiting protein migration.
Researchers developed a diffusion abnormality index (DAI) to measure brain tumor response to radiation therapy. The study showed that changes in DAI can predict post-treatment response with high sensitivity and specificity.
A study published in Neurosurgery found that subcortical damage during awake craniotomy for brain tumor surgery can lead to worsening neurological deficits. The researchers analyzed data from 241 patients and found that 36 developed new neurological abnormalities while the surgeon was operating in the subcortex.
Researchers identified a compound called TIC10 that stimulates the tumor suppression capabilities of TRAIL, inducing cancer cell death in mice. The compound is effective in cancer cell samples and cell lines resistant to conventional therapies, showing promise as a new treatment option for advanced cancer.
A team of researchers at Yale University has identified four new genetic suspects linked to the origins and treatment of meningiomas. The study found that tumors mutated with these genes tend to be located in different areas of the brain, indicating their likelihood of becoming malignant.
The new book, Navigating Life with a Brain Tumor, offers comprehensive guidance on managing brain tumors, including treatment options, side effects, and coping strategies. Written by neuro-oncologists from Mayo Clinic and Tufts Medical Center, the book aims to empower patients to be active participants in their care.
Researchers developed a new method to predict individual patient's brain tumor growth, enabling physicians to rapidly identify effective therapies. The approach accounts for tumor features such as shape, density, and growth rate, allowing clinicians to distinguish between patients with different tumor characteristics.
A research team at Plymouth University has identified a new group of growth factor receptors that signal to brain tumors, which are over-expressed and activated in certain tumors. The study shows that by interfering with the activation, tumor cells can be corrected, paving the way for non-surgical therapies.
A study published in The Lancet found that approximately one of every five individuals with kidney tumors common in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex has had a kidney removed unnecessarily due to misdiagnosis. Everolimus successfully shrinks these tumors, offering an alternative to surgery.
Researchers from Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center found that smaller radiation fields can be safely used to treat glioblastoma patients without compromising treatment efficacy. This study suggests that focusing radiation on smaller areas of the brain may help preserve cognition and reduce symptoms associated with radiation toxicity.
Researchers at Duke Medicine have developed an artificial protein that stimulates the body's natural immune system to fight cancer. In a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the therapy was shown to cure brain tumors in six out of eight mice, with no harm to surrounding normal tissue.
Researchers found ID proteins essential for retaining glioma-initiating cells in a specific extracellular niche, maintaining their cancer-promoting properties. The study's results suggest ID proteins as potential therapeutic targets for glioma treatment.
Pitt Cancer Institute researchers have identified over 125 genetic components in a chemotherapy-resistant, brain tumor-derived cell line that could offer new hope for drug treatment to destroy cancer cells. The findings may lead to the development of adjuvant chemotherapy drugs that will improve patient survival rates.
Researchers identified a previously unidentified virus in raccoons that may be contributing to the development of brain tumors. The study found that this virus, dubbed raccoon polyomavirus, is present in all affected animals and may play a role in tumor formation.
Researchers used PET imaging to evaluate tumor grade and cellular proliferation in patients with gliomas. The study found that F-18-FLT PET provided a more comprehensive view of tumor grade and correlated with overall survival, making it a valuable tool for guiding treatment.
Researchers at Barrow Neurological Institute found that a ketogenic diet significantly enhances the anti-tumor effect of radiation, leading to improved survival rates for mice with malignant gliomas. The study suggests that the diet could be used as an adjuvant therapy without FDA approval.
A new study found a four-fold increase in breast cancer incidence among women with neurofibromatosis-1, prompting recommendations for earlier screening. The researchers suggest annual manual breast exams and mammograms beginning at age 40 for this high-risk population.
Researchers found that natural killer cells in patients quickly eliminate anticancer viruses used to treat brain tumors, reducing their effectiveness. Blocking these immune cells may help improve treatment outcomes for glioblastoma patients.
Pituitary centers of excellence could provide optimal clinical management for patients with pituitary tumors, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary collaborative environments. The proposal suggests three key missions: comprehensive patient care, residency training, and research contributions.
A new Johns Hopkins research suggests that uninsured brain cancer patients are twice as likely to die in the hospital after undergoing surgery to remove a tumor. Despite this, patients with government-subsidized insurance through Medicaid had survival rates closer to those with private insurance.
A study published in Archives of Surgery found that uninsured patients with brain tumors had higher in-hospital mortality rates than privately insured patients. The disparity was pronounced in teaching hospitals, highlighting the need for further research into insurance-related disparities in medical outcomes.
Sanford-Burnham researchers found that different brain tumor cell types respond to distinct treatments due to varying growth factor regulation. This discovery offers potential for more effective and less harmful treatments tailored to individual tumors.
A recent Johns Hopkins study found that repeated surgeries to remove glioblastomas, the most aggressive brain tumors, can increase median survival time from 14 months to 26.6 months. This may be due to increased efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy with each successive surgery.
A phase 2 study reports that the combination of lapatinib and capecitabine reduces brain tumour size by at least 50% in two-thirds of women with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer. This treatment delays radiotherapy, which can impair cognitive function, offering a potential advance for patients.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have discovered that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) can originate from cortical neurons, challenging previous assumptions about its origins. This finding suggests potential new targets to treat these deadly brain tumors and may help slow progression and recurrence.
A joint UMCP and UMB research project has been awarded a new $2 million grant to continue developing a small robot that could aid neurosurgeons in removing difficult-to-reach brain tumors. The robot, called MINIR-II, is fully MRI-compatible and will be controlled by the physician, with targeting information obtained from real-time MRI.
Researchers at Barrow Neurological Institute and Arizona State University have made a breakthrough in understanding why brain tumors are difficult to treat. The study reveals that the immune system behaves differently in different regions of the brain, including tumors, leading to potential limitations in effective treatment.
Scientists have developed a new video protocol to isolate brain tumor initiating stem cells from primary brain tumors, allowing for quick and efficient analysis of target cells. This approach has been effectively used to identify similar stem cells in leukemia patients.
Recent research in epigenetics has identified two key tests that can predict brain tumor sensitivity to temozolomide and distinguish prostate cancer from benign growth. New epigenetic biomarkers are being rapidly developed to predict treatment performance and weaknesses of tumors.
A specific genetic variation found in people who carry a 'G' instead of an 'A' at a particular spot in their genetic code is associated with a six-fold higher risk of developing certain types of brain tumors. Researchers hope this discovery will lead to better surveillance and diagnosis.
A genetic variant associated with a six-fold higher risk of developing certain brain tumors has been identified by researchers at UCSF and Mayo Clinic. The study found that individuals carrying the 'G' version of the variant have slower-growing gliomas, which could lead to better surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center found that multifocal glioblastoma patients have significantly shorter overall survival compared to those with single tumors, even when treated with the same therapies. Median overall survival for multifocal patients was six months, while single-tumor patients survived 11 months.
Researchers at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center show how PKM2 contributes to brain tumor formation and growth by influencing histone proteins. Higher levels of PKM2 expression and H3 phosphorylation are correlated with shorter survival and higher grade tumors.
A new experimental immune-based therapy has more than doubled median survival of patients diagnosed with the most aggressive malignant brain tumor. The vaccine targets six antigens involved in glioblastoma cell development and shows promise in attacking cancer stem cells.
Genomic deletions in cancer cells eliminate tumor-suppressor genes, but also expose vulnerabilities to other essential genes. Researchers found that targeting the redundant function of these genes can kill malignant cells. The study identified ENO1 and ENO2 as key targets for therapy.
A new method allows for personalized clinical trial predictions by analyzing cell behavior, offering ways to improve cancer treatment outcomes and predict tumor response. The approach may enable oncologists to test combinations of targeted therapies in individual patient tumors.
A new study found that individuals with allergies had a significantly lower risk of developing glioma, a type of brain tumor. Women were more likely to benefit from this reduced risk, with those testing positive for elevated allergen-specific IgE experiencing a 54% decrease in glioblastoma risk.
A UT Southwestern Medical Center study reveals that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) recurs due to slower-growing 'cancer stem-like' cells. Researchers identified these cells as a potential target for future therapies, offering new hope for treatment.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified several gene mutations responsible for the most common childhood brain tumor, medulloblastoma. The study suggests that these tumors can be categorized into genetically distinct groups with different prognoses and resistance to standard treatments.
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine found that stem cells from a specific part of the developing brain contribute to brain tumors caused by neurofibromatosis type 1. The study suggests that understanding the unique characteristics of these stem cells may lead to more effective treatments for pediatric brain tumors.