Articles tagged with Brain Tumors
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Recent guidelines aiming to reduce neuroimaging tests for patients with headaches may overlook diagnoses of brain tumors. Neurosurgeons warn that these limits could delay or even prevent diagnosis in up to 30% of cases, leading to delayed treatment and poorer outcomes.
Researchers discovered specific genetic paths that medulloblastoma follows when it relapses, identifying potential subsets of patients treatable with existing drugs. The study suggests taking additional tumor samples at recurrence could lead to more effective treatments.
A new statistical model developed by WPI's Patrick Flaherty allows better identification of different cell types found in solid tumors, enabling more targeted treatment options. The GLAD model accurately predicted the fractions of various subtypes in glioblastoma tumors and has potential applications in breast cancer treatment.
Researchers at the University of Rochester used imaging technique to show how brain heals itself after surgery, predicting vision recovery based on myelin insulation. This finding could have implications for treating various central nervous system injuries.
ANG4043 shows therapeutic brain concentrations in healthy mice and in mice bearing intracranial HER2+ tumors, increasing median survival time by 78% in a HER2+ intracranial tumor model. This technology has the potential to create brain-penetrant mAbs for treating neurological diseases.
Researchers have identified a gene associated with familial glioma, suggesting that certain individuals may be genetically predisposed to the disease. The POT1 gene mutation is linked to lower-grade oligodendroglioma, which is more sensitive to radiation therapy, and raises hopes for improved treatments and preventive strategies.
A new study has identified the SUFU gene mutation as a major contributor to Gorlin syndrome-associated childhood medulloblastoma, significantly increasing the risk of brain tumors in children with this condition. This finding has major implications for treatment and screening protocols for children with Gorlin syndrome.
A study by MD Anderson Cancer Center researchers found that the enzyme PKM2 controls cell division, promoting tumor cell proliferation. PKM2's role in regulating cytokinesis was also identified as crucial for brain tumor development and malignant tumor progression.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered a potential drug therapy for a rare, incurable pediatric brain tumor by targeting a genetic mutation. The experimental drug GSKJ4 delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival in mice with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG).
Researchers have solved a decades-old mystery by uncovering the formation of massive DNA molecules, dubbed 'neochromosomes', in some tumours. These giant chromosomes are formed through catastrophic chromosomal shattering and genetic amplification, ensuring the cancer's survival.
A Loyola University Medical Center study has found radiation to be a risk factor for the development of meningiomas, a type of brain tumor, in individuals under age 30. The study analyzed records of patients diagnosed with meningiomas before age 30 and found that five had been exposed to ionizing radiation earlier in their lives.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have been awarded a $250,000 grant to study the use of nanotechnology in treating pediatric glioma brain tumors. The team aims to develop targeted and less toxic treatment strategies for this devastating disease.
Researchers have identified the normal function of the TEM5 protein, which is crucial for embryonic blood vessel development. The findings suggest that TEM5 could be a good target for anticancer drug therapy and potentially improve drug treatment for brain diseases by temporarily disabling the blood-brain barrier.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute scientists have developed a way to use stem cells in the fight against brain cancer. They genetically engineered stem cells to produce and secrete tumor-killing toxins, which were shown to kill cancer cells in mouse brains. This method solves the delivery issue that led to previous clinical trial failures.
Researchers at the University of Montreal discovered that Sonic Hedgehog promotes medulloblastoma progression by inducing DNA damage. Inactivation of Boc receptor reduces tumour growth and progression.
Researchers have discovered a fusion protein in approximately 15% of secondary glioblastomas, offering insights into the disease's cause and potential therapeutic targets. The PTPRZ-MET fusion may be exquisitely sensitive to existing MET inhibitors, allowing for personalized oncologic care.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that mutations in the ARMC5 gene promote the growth of benign tumors in the adrenal glands and meninges. This discovery provides new insights into the causes of Cushing's syndrome, a disease characterized by elevated cortisol levels.
A CTRC doctor has been awarded a $1.6 million FDA orphan grant to study the efficacy of TH-302 in treating glioblastoma, a devastating brain tumor with a median survival time of four months. The drug, combined with Avastin, aims to slow tumor growth by creating a low-oxygen environment, sparing healthy cells from chemotherapy damage.
Researchers at IRCM discovered that a protein called Sonic Hedgehog induces DNA damage, which promotes the progression of medulloblastoma, the most common brain tumor found in children. The study found that Boc receptor is required for Sonic Hedgehog to induce DNA mutations, reducing tumour growth by 66%.
Researchers have identified the interleukin-13 receptor ¬ chain variant 2 (IL13R¢) as a potential target for therapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Early successes of clinical trials with targeted therapies against IL13R¢ suggest increased survival time for GBM patients.
Researchers found that adding rapamycin to an immunotherapy approach strengthened the immune response against brain tumor cells, increasing the effect of new therapies. The study also showed increased memory cells, allowing the immune system to attack tumors more effectively.
Researchers developed a new method to detect malignant brain tumors using a handheld Raman scanner, which can identify cancerous cells with high accuracy. The technique has the potential to improve surgical outcomes and reduce tumor recurrence rates.
The new program uses a statistical model to accurately predict IDH1 mutation likelihood and requires only four questions from healthcare providers. The app aims to conserve research dollars by helping researchers narrow down which tumors should be tested as data.
A modified version of Clostridium novyi bacterium has been shown to produce a strong anti-tumor response in rats, dogs and now humans. The treatment involves direct injection of spores into tumors, targeting oxygen-starved cells while sparing healthy tissue.
Brain tumors grow exclusively within narrow spaces between and along the brain's thousands of small blood vessels, contrary to the theory of neoangiogenesis. This 'autovascular' growth allows tumor cells to draw energy and fuel their growth like normal brain tissue.
Researchers have discovered a way to induce immunorejection of tumors formed by stem cell transplantation, potentially eliminating cancer. The study used laboratory mice and found that withdrawal of immunosuppression led to rejection of tumors, creating a 'safety lock' against tumor growth.
A new triple therapy combining two immunotherapies and targeted radiation has prolonged the survival of mice with glioblastoma brain cancer by up to 67 days. The treatment induces an immune response against tumors, creating long-term immunity.
A study found that retinoblastoma protein is less active in male brain cells, leading to higher brain tumor rates and poorer survival rates. The researchers believe this discovery could lead to more effective therapies and treatments.
Researchers have yet to identify a specific cause or risk factor for brain tumors, but ionizing radiation is recognized as a risk factor in therapeutic doses. Recent studies have ruled out associations between brain tumors and cell phone use, cigarette smoking, or other environmental factors.
A Cincinnati Cancer Center study finds that SapC-DOPS, a combination of lysosomal protein saposin C and phospholipid DOPS, targets and kills cancer cells, including those from breast and lung cancers. The treatment showed promise in animal models, with some tumors completely cured within 24 hours.
Researchers identified a core signalling system, the hippo pathway, and discovered how Merlin suppresses it within the nucleus. This understanding paves the way for developing effective drug therapies to treat nervous system tumours.
Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio have discovered that capsazepine can shrink oral cancers while leaving healthy tissues intact. The study's findings suggest that capsazepine may reduce oral cancer pain by blocking tumor-secreted factors from stimulating pain-sensing neurons.
Researchers have discovered that invading glioblastoma cells hijack cerebral blood vessels to extract nutrients, damaging the brain's protective barrier and potentially leading to new cancer treatments. This finding could enable earlier delivery of anti-invasive agents to attack tumor cells.
A Purdue-designed tool uses mass spectrometry to analyze brain tumor tissue, providing color-coded images that reveal the location and nature of tumor cells. The tool has been successfully used in two surgical procedures, offering a significant improvement over current methods.
Researchers are drawing attention to the rare disease due to its misdiagnosis. Caused by small benign tumors in the pituitary gland, it can lead to excessive weight gain, acne, and a lump on the back of the neck.
Scientists at EMBL and DKFZ identified two sister genes, GFI1B and GFI1, as major drivers of Group 3 medulloblastoma. Large-scale DNA rearrangements relocate these genes, activating them and driving tumour formation.
A collaborative study has identified two oncogenes, GFI1 and GFI1B, that drive the development of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. The findings suggest these genes are worthy candidates for molecular-targeted therapy.
The study reveals that each glioblastoma tumor contains individual cells from multiple cancer sub-types, and that the distribution of these cells varies from tumor to tumor. This heterogeneity may contribute to drug resistance and disease recurrence, highlighting the need for personalized treatment approaches.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a genetic mutation in PPM1D that contributes to the growth and death of tumor cells in brainstem glioma. This mutation may render radiation therapy ineffective, providing immediate clinical benefits and paving the way for new drug development.
A research team at UT Southwestern Medical Center has identified the triggering mechanism of an atypical metabolic pathway that allows certain cancerous tumors to thrive. The discovery could provide a future target for drugs that would attack tumors relying on this reverse pathway for sustenance and growth.
Researchers developed herpes-loaded stem cells that significantly improved survival rates in mice with glioblastoma multiforme when applied to tumors. The treatment used mesenchymal stem cells as drug delivery vehicles, allowing oncolytic viruses to replicate and kill residual cancer cells.
Researchers have developed a new imaging technology using SapC-DOPS to visualize brain tumors, which could lead to improved treatment options for patients. The technique delivers bio-fluorescence agents and contrast agents directly to tumors, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment decisions.
Researchers at Henry Ford Hospital identified specific genes associated with improved survival rates among patients with glioblastoma, the most deadly form of brain tumor. The study found that patients over 70 were more likely to survive longer and that gender differences played a role in short-term survival rates.
Johns Hopkins researchers have successfully used stem cells derived from human body fat to deliver biological treatments directly to the brains of mice with glioblastoma, a deadly form of brain tumor. The treatment extended the mice's lives by an average of 24 days, offering new hope for treating aggressive brain cancer in humans.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have defined potential treatment targets for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), a previously incurable form of pediatric brain cancer. The team identified three subgroups of DIPG with distinct molecular features, providing hope for future patients.
Researchers have discovered new mutations linked to high-grade glioma brain tumors in young children, which most often occur in the youngest patients. The study found that ACVR1 mutations were present in 32% of DIPG patients and NTRK fusion genes drove tumor development in non-brainstem HGGs.
The AACR Team Science Award recognizes a Duke University/Johns Hopkins University/National Cancer Institute research team for their innovative work on glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and lethal type of brain cancer. The team's discoveries have led to novel insights into the biology of GBM and potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers discovered that cancer cells hug capillaries and express specific proteins to survive in the brain. The tumor cells produce a protein acting like Velcro to attach themselves to blood vessels, allowing them to grow into new tumors.
Researchers developed a unique, compact imaging device to 'light up' malignant brain tumors using scorpion venom protein and a laser. The system consists of a special camera and an imaging agent that targets cancer cells, enabling neurosurgeons to remove more tumor and spare healthy tissue during surgery.
A clinical trial found that adding bevacizumab to standard glioblastoma treatment did not increase overall survival, but did delay the risk of toxicity. The study also showed a decline in neurocognitive function and quality of life for patients receiving bevacizumab.
Researchers have identified a genetic alteration in the NF-κB pathway that drives tumor development and provides clues for treating ependymoma, a devastating childhood brain cancer. The study offers new insights into how abnormal proteins can lead to cancer and may aid efforts to understand and intervene against other cancers.
Scientists use nanofibers to trick glioblastoma cells into moving away from inoperable brain locations and towards a 'tumor collector' gel containing a toxic drug. This technique may allow patients to live with slow-growing tumors, controlling their growth rather than eradicating the cancer.
A new study reveals that girls with NF1 are at greater risk of vision loss from brain tumors, while boys are more vulnerable to learning disabilities. The research identifies gender-linked differences in male mice that may help explain these findings.
A study of 52 patients with metastatic brain tumors found that early tumor shrinkage after stereotactic radiosurgery indicates a positive outcome, reducing the need for further monitoring. Tumors that did not respond initially were more likely to recur or require additional treatment.
A Phase I clinical trial is underway to evaluate the safety and dosing of a personalized vaccine targeting cancer stem cells in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. The vaccine aims to boost the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Scientists have identified a mutated gene causing papillary craniopharyngiomas, a type of benign but devastating brain tumor. A targeted therapy approach using BRAF inhibitors may improve treatment outcomes, with plans for clinical trials underway.
A multi-institutional team has discovered a gene mutation associated with several cancers also drives a rare brain tumor called papillary craniopharyngioma. The BRAF mutation was found in 94% of tested papillary tumors, suggesting it could be targeted by existing therapies.
Researchers from McGill University have identified two transcription factors controlling the expression of genes involved in GBM tumourigenesis. Impairing these proteins could significantly reduce the ability of brain tumour-initiating cells to give rise to brain tumors.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai identified immune system targets on cancer stem cells and created an experimental vaccine to attack them. The vaccine, which uses dendritic cells, was tested in lab mice and showed promise without causing side effects.
The Ben & Catherine Ivy Foundation awarded a $3 million grant to TGen, Nemucore Medical Innovations Inc., and Barrow Neurological Institute to develop targeted therapies for glioblastoma. The collaboration aims to create personalized medicine by bridging the blood-brain barrier.