Researchers found that high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) triggered pollution-forming reactions in winter, concentrating ozone pollution. Ozone levels in northeastern Utah exceeded national air quality standards 49 times during the winter season.
Researchers found that individual sharks possess social personalities, determining how they interact with group mates in the wild. The study revealed that socially well-connected individuals remained connected under different habitats, while less social individuals camouflaged alone.
Researchers at UNSW Australia found that the size of young flies is determined by the first male mated with, not the second. The team proposes that molecules from seminal fluid are absorbed by eggs and influence growth.
Researchers developed a predictive model based on clinical symptoms, cognitive abilities, brain structure, and biomarkers to forecast patient outcomes. The model aims to improve treatment for mental illnesses like schizophrenia and could lead to more personalized care.
Researchers found combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy helps the immune system target and destroy cancer cells resistant to initial treatment. This approach improved survival rates and protected mice against disease recurrence.
A new study by Brown University found that women who lived close to highways had a significantly higher risk of high blood pressure, with risks rising with proximity to the roadways. The study controlled for various confounding factors and found that living within 100m of a highway increased hypertension risk by 22%.
A study by Pruitt and Goodnight found that group-level adaptations, such as a critical ratio of two types of females, are potent evolutionary forces in nature. In spider colonies, docile and aggressive females adapt to specific locations, with the ratio shifting between survival-friendly and threat-prone conditions.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have discovered a molecule that effectively treats oxidative stress, which is linked to cancer, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. The compound, HPP-4382, has shown promise in fighting free radicals and could eventually be developed into a drug.
A 10-week group counseling and caregiver training intervention, GIRLSS, has been found to decrease relational aggression among middle school girls. The study, published in the Journal of Child and Family Studies, showed a reduction in 'mean girl' behaviors among participants.
New research will focus on understanding and mitigating threats to industrial control systems, including manufacturing plants, power stations, and the rail network. The project aims to provide effective interventions to counter cyber risks and improve risk communication.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that brain activity can predict abstract judgments, such as time reference, even when participants were unaware. The research also sheds light on how images can prompt people to think about the present or future, contributing to our understanding of impulsive behaviors.
A new computational method suggests that Darwin's 'jump dispersal' theory is supported by strong evidence, especially for island species. The study found that jump dispersal can explain the biogeography of Hawaiian Islands and other archipelagos with a greater statistical probability than vicariance methods.
A landmark study published in Nature finds that spiders adapt their docile-to-aggressive ratios to local environments for optimal colony survival. The research shows that colonies change their composition over time to better match the ratio required by their native site, even when moved to different locations.
A research team drilled and measured melt rates and ice sheet movement in Greenland, finding that subglacial channels are less important than previously thought. Changes in hydraulically isolated regions of the bed control the evolution of subglacial drainage over summer.
A newly discovered ant species, the mirror turtle ant (Cephalotes specularis), has been found to use social parasitism by mimicking its host ant's movements and scent. The study reveals that nearly 90% of host territories are parasitized.
A new study has identified the most common non-mygalomorph spiders found in international cargo, highlighting that many are harmless species. The study provides a simple key for proper identification of cargo-borne spiders to prevent costly and unwarranted measures.
A new article published in the Journal of Dietary Supplements explores a potential cost-benefit analysis tool that shows daily use of certain dietary supplements, specifically omega-3 fatty acid or B vitamin supplements, can result in reduced odds of experiencing costly medical events. According to the study, high-risk adults over 55 w...
A UT Arlington multi-disciplinary team is optimizing and integrating volumes of data to help physicians make better decisions about treating patients' pain. The project aims to remove bias in assessing treatment effects, providing doctors with more accurate information.
Researchers developed stealthy nanoparticles that successfully deliver cancer vaccines to a subset of macrophages deep inside lymph nodes, hindering tumor growth. The nanoparticles bypass circulating immune cells and enter the lymph nodes' core, where they are engulfed by special kind of macrophage.
A study analyzing over 1.37 million social media posts found pervasive negative stereotypes and jokes about weight, as well as instances of support and advice. Blogs and forums offered a safe space for online discussions about healthy eating and weight management.
A large-scale survey found that caregivers providing at-home oral care to adults with developmental disabilities face significant challenges, including behavioral problems and lack of training. The study emphasizes the need for policy initiatives to provide additional support for caregivers to promote good oral health outcomes.
Researchers have identified a new approach to treating chronic graft-versus-host disease, targeting T and B cells with the FDA-approved drug ibrutinib. The study found that ibrutinib reduced chronic GVHD in mice models and decreased activation of T and B cells isolated from patients with chronic GVHD.
Researchers from MIT and other institutions found the Procellarum region on the moon's near side was formed by a large plume of magma deep within the moon's interior. The angular outline of the basin could not have been created by an asteroid impact, according to the team.
A study found that older adults who struggled to identify common odors were more likely to die within five years. Those with greater smell loss were substantially more likely to have died, even after adjusting for demographic variables.
A Duke University team found that nanoparticles called single-walled carbon nanotubes accumulate rapidly in wetland sediments, potentially harming aquatic food chains. The accumulation of these nanoparticles in sediment poses concerns for both sediment-dwelling organisms and animals that eat them.
Researchers have developed a new tool to predict how organisms may respond to climate change, focusing on plant and tree species. By combining genetic analyses with computer modeling techniques, scientists identified how well balsam poplar trees are adapted to handle climate change, providing valuable insights into biodiversity.
The Daya Bay Collaboration's new result shows no evidence for a sterile neutrino in a previously unexplored mass range. The absence of detection supports the standard three-flavor neutrino picture, but leaves room for future experiments to explore this possibility.
Researchers have developed a novel drug capsule coated with tiny needles that can deliver drugs directly into the lining of the stomach, bypassing the need for injections. The capsules successfully delivered insulin to pigs, causing a faster and larger reduction in blood glucose levels than traditional injections.
The AAO-HNSF clinical practice guideline provides a framework for clinicians to differentiate between bothersome and nonbothersome tinnitus. The guideline's recommendations aim to mitigate the personal and social impact of tinnitus on patients, with approximately 20% requiring clinical intervention.
A new set of standards inspired by fair trade products is being implemented for 3D printing filament, which could help the poorest of the poor up the economic ladder. The recycled filament industry will need to adhere to certain fair labor and environmental practices.
The UT Dallas Cybersecurity program has received a $3.9 million award from the National Science Foundation to provide scholarships and support education in computer science related to cybersecurity. The program aims to fulfill the US government's needs for cybersecurity employees, with nearly 30 students expected to be supported.
A study published in PLOS ONE suggests that coral reefs will have winners and losers among species facing increasing stressors. Fast-growing, small, and stress-resistant corals are likely to thrive in a warmer future.
Researchers from the University of Ottawa and Drexel University have been awarded the 'Best of Research' award for their study on the mode of action of AHCC, an alpha-glucan rich immune modulator. The study demonstrated that AHCC can stimulate intestinal immunity and increase IgA+ immune cells in the intestines.
A new supplement published in Health Policy and Planning presents the latest research on people-centred health systems, emphasizing the importance of patient and community involvement. The studies reveal four key themes: ensuring people have a voice, putting people first in healthcare design, recognizing social relationships within hea...
A QUT researcher has developed a new navigation system for robots using computer algorithms that mimic the human eye and rat brain. This technology could improve robotic navigation in complex environments and even help researchers understand spatial memory loss in diseases like Alzheimer's.
A nearly 40-year-long study found that middle-aged women experiencing anxiety, jealousy, and moodiness are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Women who scored highest on neuroticism tests had double the risk of dementia, with those who were both easily distressed and withdrawn having the highest risk.
A randomized study found that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreased the incidence of interferon-alpha-induced depression in patients with hepatitis C. The treatment also delayed the onset of depression and was well-tolerated without serious side effects.
A large-scale roll-out of the combination treatment for kala-azar in Eastern Africa has shown a high efficacy and safety profile, with a 95% cure rate among treated patients. The treatment aims to replace traditional therapies due to toxicity levels and cost concerns.
Researchers directly observed multiple parts of Greenland's subglacial plumbing system and found that it adapts to increased meltwater over the course of the summer season. The findings suggest that a component of the system is changing in response to climate change, potentially slowing down the ice sheet's movement towards the sea.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that older adults who failed a simple smelling test were more likely to die within five years. The researchers found that olfactory dysfunction was a stronger predictor of mortality than chronic diseases like heart failure and cancer.
A new study from North Carolina State University explores how collegiate student-athletes cope with dual challenges of meeting team expectations and university responsibilities. Researchers found that student-athletes struggled with uncertainty in balancing schoolwork, social relationships, and future career prospects.
A Swiss research team has revealed that nanoparticles are attracted to fingermarks through chemical bonding, rather than electrostatically. This discovery could lead to more accurate and sensitive techniques for detecting previously undetectable fingermarks, improving forensic science.
Typhoon Phanfone is expected to make landfall in southern Japan by October 6, with maximum sustained winds near 70 knots (80 mph/129 kph) and heavy rainfall rates of over 76 mm (almost 3 inches) per hour
A team of scientists has successfully isolated and characterized a crucial chemical intermediate, which was previously only inferred from indirect evidence. The researchers used solid-state characterization and computational modeling to understand the stability factors and design more stable adducts for further study.
New research suggests the Moon's 'ocean of storms,' Oceanus Procellarum, was formed by ancient rifts in the crust that provided a magma plumbing system. This theory argues against the long-held impact basin hypothesis and provides a new alternative for understanding the region's unique shape and composition.
A new blood test has been identified as a potential predictor for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a devastating form of kidney disease. The test, called FAST, uses high-density protein tests to detect antibodies against specific antigens that are significantly increased in patients at risk for FSGS.
Researchers identified a single gene central to monarch migration and another controlling pigmentation. Migratory butterflies have reduced levels of collagen IV α-1, increasing flight efficiency, while a new gene functions as a pigmentation switch.
Researchers have identified the interleukin-13 receptor ¬ chain variant 2 (IL13R¢) as a potential target for therapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Early successes of clinical trials with targeted therapies against IL13R¢ suggest increased survival time for GBM patients.
Researchers distinguish different types of beta-amyloid aggregates and find that those with 20 to 100 units are most toxic, leading to neuronal death. The study provides evidence for the hypothesis that intermediate aggregates cause neuronal death.
A recent clinical trial evaluated heterologous prime/boost regimens for preventative HIV vaccination, demonstrating strong anti-HIV immune responses in healthy volunteers. The results suggest that a regime combining NYVAC-B and rAd5-vectored vaccines yields better outcomes compared to other vaccine combinations.
Scientists at the Cavendish Laboratory and Joint Quantum Institute create a new type of qubit control that leverages its surroundings to maintain quantum integrity. By harnessing the environment's magnetic field, they enable efficient manipulation and readout of quantum states, paving the way for quantum computing advancements.
Researchers have developed an interactive-coding scheme that can approach the optimum on all three measures: noise tolerance, transmission rate, and decoding complexity. The scheme uses list decoding to create a list of likely candidates, allowing devices to zero in on optimal decoding with perfect knowledge of their own messages.
Boston University will receive a five-year, $1.8 million NIH 'BEST' grant to enhance training for PhD students and postdoctoral researchers in biomedical research, preparing them for careers beyond academia.
A new NYU study suggests that focusing attention on a specific target during exercise can reduce perceived distance and increase walking speed. Participants who focused their attention on a finish line walked 23% faster and reported less physical exertion than those who looked around their surroundings.
Research at Royal Holloway University found that individuals with delusions tend to make hasty choices in daily life. They gather less information before making decisions, leading to potentially less successful outcomes.
Researchers from the University of Illinois found that standard thermal models fail for nanoscale heat-transfer problems when dimensions are on the order of one micron or smaller. Heat is transported ballistically, not diffusively, and interfaces add significant thermal resistance.
A new study found that a short bout of resistance exercise, such as lifting weights for 20 minutes, can improve episodic memory by 10% in healthy young adults. The researchers tested participants before and after the exercise, using a series of photos to assess their memory recall.
Researchers found that Antarctic ocean temperature layering, similar to conditions 14,000 years ago, may lead to rapid collapse of glaciers and ice shelves, causing a steep rise in global sea levels. This stratification is caused by global warming adding freshwater to the ocean surface.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new nanostructure that absorbs a very narrow spectrum of light, enhancing the sensitivity of biosensors. This ultranarrow band absorber can detect smaller changes in the environment and has been shown to exceed 90% absorption at visible frequencies.
Scientists discovered a new type of brain activity that forecasts when a spontaneous decision occurs more than a second in advance. The premotor cortex neurons can predict the rat's actions with remarkable accuracy.
Evolocumab, a new PCSK9 inhibitor, has been shown to significantly lower LDL cholesterol levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) by an average of 60% more than placebo. The treatment was well-tolerated and achieved recommended LDL cholesterol targets in over 60% of patients.
Researchers at UC San Diego aim to bioengineer the irregularly shaped patches of the pancreas called Islets of Langerhans in a dish. This could lead to studying the events that trigger beta cell destruction and developing new drug therapies, as well as understanding the genetic component of the disease.
A study found that selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) and selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) significantly reduced antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria and ICU-acquired bacteremia. Patient survival rates were similar, but SDD showed a lower incidence of ICU-acquired respiratory tract infections.
Researchers observe massive polar cloud at Titan's south pole, composed of hydrogen cyanide ice, and conclude that the upper atmosphere must have cooled by over 50 degrees in less than a year.
A new study suggests decreased brain connectivity between pain-related and sensorimotor areas may contribute to deficient pain regulation in fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia patients exhibit impaired normal pain perception due to functional decoupling of pain-processing brain regions.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University have discovered that lithium ions cause local stress and phase transitions in anodes during charging and discharging, leading to their eventual failure. This 'atomic shuffling' phenomenon helps explain why layered materials are prone to degradation.
A recent study published in The Leadership Quarterly found that power can lead to corruption in leaders, regardless of their initial honesty. The researchers used experimental methods to investigate the effects of power on behavior, and found that individuals who scored lower on honesty were more likely to exhibit corrupt behavior.
A new study from the University at Buffalo Research Institute on Addictions suggests that reducing substance abuse has a greater influence on reducing violent acts by patients with severe mental illness. The study found that treating substance abuse was more effective in decreasing aggression than improving psychiatric symptoms.
Researchers have made breakthroughs in understanding the interactions between botulinum neurotoxins and cells, paving the way for safer forms of Botox. By designing inhibitors or specific antibodies, scientists hope to prevent toxic interactions and engineer safer toxins for medical and cosmetic use.
A study by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that child mortality rates have decreased globally, but complications from preterm birth and pneumonia remain major causes of death. The largest burden of child mortality is in sub-Saharan Africa, where nearly half of deaths occur.
A recent study from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that people are more likely to have negative attitudes toward those suffering from drug addiction than those with mental illness. The researchers suggest that society often perceives substance abuse as a moral failing rather than a treatable medical condition.
A five-year project will create a large, distributed infrastructure called LearnSphere to securely store data on student learning. By accessing over 550 datasets, course developers and instructors can improve teaching and learning through data-driven design.
Researchers found that PET/CT imaging can help diagnose more aggressive tumors in young breast cancer patients, upstaging 21% of initial diagnoses. The study suggests considering patient age as a factor in staging decisions.
A new paint-on, see-through 'smart' bandage glows to indicate tissue oxygenation concentration, enabling direct measurement for improved wound care. The bandage's phosphorescence emits light based on oxygen levels, allowing for non-invasive monitoring of wounds and burns.
A six-year study in Australia and New Zealand found mortality rates for sepsis were nearly 15% despite aggressive treatment. The results suggest the high standard of care, rather than Early Goal Directed Therapy (EGDT), is responsible for the low survival rates.
Researchers developed a hybrid catalyst combining graphene quantum dots and graphene oxide, nitrogen, and boron, outperforming commercial platinum-based catalysts in fuel cells. The new material cuts the cost of generating energy with fuel cells, offering a promising solution to the expensive metal hurdle.
Australia's lack of preparedness for Ebola is highlighted by experts who call for a national disease control centre to coordinate risk assessments and response plans. The current outbreak in multiple regions of five countries underscores the need for such a centre.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University are working on two projects to deliver protection from aggressive breast cancer and deadly heart attacks using plant viruses. The first project aims to create a vaccine that tricks the immune system into attacking HER2 proteins, while the second project targets blood clots by delivering cl...
Researchers investigate formation and stability of calcium alginate spheres in molecular gastronomy, finding key role for calcium ions and spontaneous wrapping of alginate chains around liquid droplets. The study's findings could help chefs design innovative cooking techniques, leading to even more fanciful dishes.
A new study found that US non-citizens are more likely to receive prison sentences and longer terms compared to citizens. The research analyzed federal court data from 1992-2008 and found a 11% difference in sentencing between citizens and non-citizens.
The Journal supplement highlights innovative approaches to healthy aging, including community-based efforts, technology uses, and civic service. Strategies like Experience Corps and volunteering are shown to enhance social engagement, independence, and well-being in older adults.
A recent study suggests that emissions from human activity have caused a decline in monsoon rainfall over the past 50 years. The research, published in Geophysical Research Letters, found that rising levels of anthropogenic aerosols are responsible for the decrease, which affects billions of people primarily in India and parts of Africa.
University of Minnesota researchers have identified microRNAs miR-182 and miR-503 that contribute to the development of colon polyps into cancerous tumors. By targeting these microRNAs, physicians may be able to provide earlier and more specialized treatment for patients with a higher risk of colon cancer.
A new genetic test developed by scientists can detect canine fecal contamination in water, providing insights into the scale of the problem. The test identified 11 genetic markers common to most dog samples but absent from human ones, revealing the significant role dogs play in contaminating US waterways.
Sick mice produce specialized sugars to feed their gut microbiota and resist infection. Healthy recovery requires both L-fucose production and intact gut microbiota. The study suggests a potential role for L-fucose in preventing or tolerating Crohn's disease.
Researchers conducted life history interviews with 26 health workers who lived through conflict in Northern Uganda, revealing their resilience and coping mechanisms. The study proposes solutions to protect and motivate health workers during and after crises, including community support, formal promotion, and regular pay.
A genetic study suggests that individuals with a specific genotype may be prone to weight gain and increased risk of diabetes and heart disease when exposed to chronic stress. Simple interventions like healthy diet, exercise, and stress management could help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in these individuals.
Researchers have successfully treated a genetic form of intellectual disability in mice using an anticancer drug, suggesting a potential new approach for the human condition. The study's findings indicate that altering the balance between chromatin's open and closed states could be key to treating Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic ...
A new study found that providing free contraception and education on various methods significantly reduced teen pregnancies, births, and abortions. Among participants, 72% opted for long-acting forms like IUDs or implants, leading to a 34-per-1,000 pregnancy rate among teens compared to 158.5 in 2008.
New research suggests that long non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in regulating the human immune system's response to infection. The study reveals how these molecules can promote, fine-tune, and restrain the body's inflammatory response by controlling gene expression.
Scientists at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center developed a new cell transplantation therapy to treat mice with a rare lung disease. The therapy, using macrophages, corrected the disease in mice and showed promise for treating other human lung diseases caused by dysfunctional immune cells.
An international study found that introducing gluten at different ages has no effect on developing celiac disease, and genetic factors are the primary risk factor. The study's results suggest a blood test for HLA genotype could determine high-risk infants, paving the way for preventive interventions.
Researchers have identified a novel source of stem cells in the corneal limbus that can be directed to behave like photoreceptor cells, potentially treating conditions like age-related macular degeneration. These cells can also be cultured from older eyes and may offer a promising approach for new treatments.
New research published in the BMJ suggests that long-acting insulin is superior to intermediate-acting insulin for controlling blood sugar levels, preventing weight gain, and treating severe hypoglycemia. Long-acting insulin also showed improved cost-effectiveness compared to intermediate-acting insulin.
A study published in Science Signaling found that JAK inhibitors can effectively treat over 80% of bowel cancers with a genetic mutation present in more than 80% of cases. The researchers discovered that these inhibitors block tumour growth by targeting the Wnt signaling pathway, with minimal impact on normal cells.
Researchers have identified a molecular mechanism that could explain why the common cold can bring on life-threatening asthma attacks. A small molecule called IL-25 may play a central role in triggering these attacks, and blocking it could potentially produce a much greater therapeutic effect.
The National Science Foundation is investing $31 million in 17 innovative projects to develop tools, cyberinfrastructure, and best practices for data science. These projects aim to create a robust national data infrastructure that supports research priorities and emerging data policies.
A new study from the University of Melbourne found that acupuncture did not improve chronic knee pain in patients older than 50. The research, published in JAMA, involved 282 participants who received either real or sham acupuncture for 12 weeks.
Researchers found that Montmorency tart cherry juice lowered blood uric acid levels and increased specific anthocyanin compounds, which may help alleviate joint pain and inflammation associated with conditions like gout. The study also detected increased C-reactive protein in the bloodstream after consuming tart cherries.
Fish larvae produce distinct 'knock' and 'growl' sounds within the hearing range of adult fish to maintain group cohesion during their pelagic journey. The sounds were observed in 70% of nighttime trials, suggesting a mechanism for larval communication.
A team of researchers will study the complex connections between brain cells that allow us to make and retrieve lasting memories. The project aims to build a complete computational model of a neural network in vertebrates using experimental data, with potential transformative insights into mammalian brain abilities.
Scientists at The University of Nottingham have made a major medical discovery that could lead to the development of an entirely new type of painkiller for chronic pain conditions like traumatic nerve injury. They found that a signal protein called VEGF promotes pain while its inhibiting form prevents it.
A study of Medicare data found that hospitals with high care intensity had lower failure-to-rescue rates after major surgery, but longer hospital stays. However, patients treated at these hospitals also experienced higher inpatient deaths and reduced hospice use.
Researchers propose a new method for measuring magnetic properties of materials at atomic resolution, utilizing the phase symmetry of an electron beam. This technique enhances the magnetic signal, enabling the detection of magnetism with unprecedented precision.