A new report by The Hastings Center calls on bioethics to help redress injustices faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals. The report highlights the need for bioethics to examine its role in shaping laws and medical practices that impact LGBT populations.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have identified a new pathway that connects the brain to increased blood pressure, involving the unusual steroid ouabain. This discovery offers potential new approaches for treating high blood pressure and heart failure.
A study found that cheetahs' energy expenditure is driven by distance traveled to find prey, not prey theft. Habitat loss and human activities force cheetahs to travel farther, making life harder for them. The researchers suggest that these factors are more important for population viability than direct competition with larger predators.
The study found that mountain lions use a 'stalk and pounce' strategy due to its high energy efficiency, with costs varying depending on prey size. The new SMART collar technology enabled researchers to track and quantify the energetic costs of these behaviors.
Researchers at LMU Munich discovered that low-frequency signals activate measurable responses in auditory circuits, contrary to the assumption that the ear is unresponsive to these frequencies. The study found that low-frequency hum stimulates the cochlea and induces slow oscillations in spontaneous otoacoustic emissions.
Dr. Mark Hersam, an ONR-supported scientist, has won a $625,000 MacArthur Fellowship for his work on graphene and nanoelectronics, which could lead to advancements in electronics, medical devices, and renewable energy for the Navy. The award recognizes his exceptional creativity and promise for future breakthroughs.
Researchers have characterized the dog's epigenome and transferred the results to human breast cancer, revealing significant alterations in gene modulation and common epigenetic mechanisms. The findings suggest that targeting these epigenetic alterations may help slow disease progression.
A study published in Violence and Gender explores the link between past sexual violence and distress during routine pelvic examinations. Researchers identified physiologic symptoms of trauma associated with distress among female veterans with a history of sexual violence.
Researchers have developed bioinspired materials with potential applications in detecting heavy metals and fostering faster surgery recovery time. The materials interact with light to enable applications in therapy, biosensing, and bioimaging.
Researchers at the University of California - San Diego developed SeedMe to convert labor-intensive data sharing processes into streamlined automatable ones, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration. The platform aims to provide significant time-saving benefits for researchers by enabling easy integration into existing scientific appl...
A new study suggests that human activity, such as erecting fences and over-hunting, may be the major cause of declining cheetah populations. Cheetahs were found to incur more energy loss while searching for prey than during high-speed chases.
A parent coaching intervention, known as the PLAY Project approach, brings benefits for preschool-aged children with autism-spectrum disorders. The program yields improved parent-child interactions, along with other key outcomes, and is associated with reduced stress and increased mental health for parents.
Research on 1221 Danish men found a link between moderate weekly alcohol intake and poorer sperm quality, with effects more noticeable at higher consumption levels. The study showed that even habitual drinking was associated with changes in reproductive hormone levels, leading to lower sperm counts and abnormal sperm shape.
Scientists developed a new statistical method to track the continuous changes in wakefulness during sleep onset, identifying healthy subjects who behave as though awake despite being clinically asleep. The study suggests that understanding how one falls asleep is crucial for improving sleep diagnosis and treatment.
Fertility experts advocate for making ovarian tissue and egg freezing options widely available to healthy women. The techniques have restored fertility in female cancer patients and enabled the birth of nearly 2000 babies without an increase in birth defects.
A $1.2 million grant will support the creation of a real-time seismic imaging system that uses ambient noise to image shallow earth structures, such as those beneath Yellowstone National Park. The technology has the potential to inform homeowners about subsurface stability and detect natural hazards like volcanoes in real-time.
Researchers found that high-sensitivity troponin T and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels strongly predict heart failure in individuals with mild to severe kidney disease. These biomarkers may indicate subclinical cardiovascular changes, contributing to the development of heart failure.
Researchers compiled two new datasets on insect evolution, finding that families of insects with metamorphosis diversify more quickly than others. The findings suggest that these insects are responsible for a higher rate of diversification and a greater turnover of species.
The Kay Yow Cancer Fund has awarded a $100,000 young women's breast cancer research grant to the Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health & Science University. The grant will support research on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and their potential effectiveness in preventing metastasis of breast cancer in young women.
Researchers at Princeton University have captured an image of a Majorana fermion, a particle that exhibits properties of both matter and antimatter. The discovery could yield powerful computers based on quantum mechanics, as the particle's stability allows it to interact weakly with its environment.
Researchers found that big-headed ant colonies produce larger soldiers when they encounter aggressive competitor ants, leading to a three-fold increase in size. Genetic analysis ruled out long-term evolutionary change, suggesting the ants adapt quickly to new environments.
A new study by Michigan State University economist Soren Anderson found that children are 39% more likely to buy a particular car brand if their parents bought that brand. This inherited brand loyalty could impact automakers' marketing strategies, with potential implications for pricing and product offerings.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have refined the measurement of a key property of quark-gluon plasma, revealing new insights into its ultra-hot, frictionless nature. The findings provide clues to the state of the young universe immediately after the big bang.
A team of researchers reports a case of a baby born with HIV who appeared to be cured after early antiretroviral treatment, but later exhibited detectable HIV infection. The child's immune system showed signs of responding to HIV even after the virus was undetectable.
A Tel Aviv University study finds that religious Jewish teens are 45% less likely to exhibit suicidal behavior compared to their secular counterparts. The research suggests that Judaism's spiritual and communal support, as well as its prohibition on suicide, may be key factors in this protective effect.
Research reveals that curiosity activates brain regions involved in learning and memory, leading to improved retention of information. Curiosity also recruits the reward system and interactions between the hippocampus and reward circuit enhance learning, suggesting new approaches for treating memory disorders.
Combining common painkillers like ibuprofen and aspirin with other medications significantly increases the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Researchers analyzed data from over 114,000 patients to identify risk factors and recommend strategies to minimize this risk.
Scientists have created a new map of the world's seafloor, offering a more vivid picture of deep ocean structures. The map reveals thousands of previously uncharted seamounts, along with new clues about continental formation and earthquake patterns.
A Yale-led study found that removing earthworms, beetles, and other small animals from the soil of a replicated Scottish sheep meadow altered plant species, reduced productivity, and changed the quality of yields. The results highlight the importance of these tiny creatures in maintaining ecosystem balance and services.
Researchers developed a new test that determines which drugs are unlikely to work by analyzing their structural similarity to naturally occurring substances. The 'rule of 0.5' shows a strong correlation between marketed drugs and metabolites, indicating that molecules with low similarity are unlikely to succeed.
A recent study by the University of the Basque Country highlights the risks of drug-food interactions in mountaineering, particularly at high altitudes. The researchers emphasize the importance of controlling medications and nutritional ergogenic aids to prevent adverse reactions and ensure safe ascent.
Researchers at MIT identified a method to boost yeast tolerance to ethanol by adding potassium and hydroxide ions to the growth medium, allowing for higher ethanol production. The approach increased ethanol output by about 80% and expanded to toxic alcohols like propanol and butanol.
A recent study supports Charles Darwin's insight that regions with deeper evolutionary histories are more likely to produce successful invaders. The 'Evolutionary Imbalance Hypothesis' (EIH) suggests that ecologists should consider historical evolutionary imbalance when analyzing invasiveness.
Researchers from Penn and UCSB discovered that giant clams use their iridescent structures to maximize the usefulness of light reaching symbiotic algae within their bodies. This unique system allows the clams to thrive in intense sunlight, leading to potential breakthroughs in alternative energy research.
A new map of the world's seafloor has been created using satellite data, revealing thousands of previously uncharted sea mountains and providing new clues about deep ocean structures. The map, which is twice as accurate as the previous version, also reveals details of continental connections across South America and Africa.
A new theory proposes that blackflies infected with Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae transmit a secondary pathogen causing NS. The study suggests that population displacement and insecticide control measures may limit the spread of NS.
Scientists have identified two enzymes responsible for the formation of terpenes, which contribute to a wine's bouquet. The study could lead to the development of new grape varieties with improved aromas.
Researchers at UC Davis have found a way to form oxygen in one step by using a high-energy vacuum ultraviolet laser to excite carbon dioxide. This process could be occurring naturally on Mars and Venus, where carbon dioxide dominates the atmosphere. The discovery adjusts models of planetary atmosphere evolution.
The immune system uses a molecular biological clock to target and eliminate intolerant T cells during their maturation process. This process is crucial for preventing autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers found that curiosity helps learn about a topic and memorize unrelated information, with increased activity in brain regions involved in reward and memory. Curiosity also enhances learning in the classroom and workplace.
A new study reconstructs the genetic history of HIV-1 group M and concludes that it originated in Kinshasa around 1920. The team's analysis suggests a 'perfect storm' of factors, including urban growth, transport links, and social changes, contributed to the emergence of HIV from Kinshasa and its spread across Africa and the world.
Researchers analyzed bat influenza viruses and found they could not infect human cells or other animals, contradicting initial concerns. The study suggests these viruses have limited genetic compatibility with Type A or Type B influenza viruses, making reassortment unlikely.
Researchers found that MRSA biofilms form in joint fluid, making infections resistant to antibiotics. Pre-treatment with an enzyme can inhibit biofilm formation and increase bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics.
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with dendritic spine loss, suggesting shared pathophysiological features. Individuals with these disorders have reduced average spine density and number of spines per dendrite compared to control group individuals.
A study by UCLA psychologists found that white Americans view diversity negatively when exposed to current projections of future demographics, with those who believe they will no longer be the majority expressing lower levels of support. This phenomenon is linked to whites feeling threatened by their perceived loss of American identity.
Researchers discovered that mutations in the PIK3R1 gene, particularly R348, can activate ERK and JNK signaling cascades, enabling tumor growth. Targeted therapies may need to focus on these mutant tumors, offering a potential new approach for treating endometrial and colon cancers.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that ibuprofen can reduce lung inflammation in elderly mice, improving their immune response to tuberculosis. By lowering inflammation, ibuprofen made the lungs of old mice appear younger and more effective at fighting infection.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center identified a genetic variant near the KLK3 gene that can predict aggressive prostate cancer in GS7 patients. The study found a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the KLK3 gene associated with disease aggression, providing potential biomarkers for personalized treatment.
Research findings suggest that aerobic activity improves the health-related quality of life and reduces depressive symptoms among hemodialysis patients. The study also found that dialysis facilities can promote physical activity levels by offering exercise programs, potentially improving patient outcomes.
A NASA animation shows Tropical Storm Simon forming over three days, strengthening into a tropical storm on Oct. 2. The storm is expected to produce 3-5 inches of rainfall with isolated amounts up to 8 inches in western Mexico.
The Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center will conduct proof-of-concept studies in monkeys and launch Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials to test broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The goal is to suppress or eradicate HIV in humans, providing an alternative to antiretroviral therapies.
A study by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that dietary changes can alter the intestinal microbiome and susceptibility to autoinflammatory bone diseases. Researchers discovered that certain gut bacteria, such as Prevotella, fuel inflammation when fed a diet high in nutrients.
A recent study at the University of Eastern Finland found that grandparents' help with childcare and emotional support influence mothers' decisions to have additional children. Additionally, parental grandparents' involvement is associated with fewer emotional and behavioral problems in grandchildren.
A new DNA isolation technique using MagnaCel paramagnetic cellulose particles has been shown to improve the quality and quantity of DNA extractions across a wide range of flowering plants. This method outperformed traditional techniques like CTAB and DNeasy, providing an average of twice the DNA yield and more consistent DNA purity.
A study led by Atika Khurana found that adolescents with strong working memory are less likely to engage in impulsive drug-use behaviors. Weaknesses in executive functioning often underlie self-control issues in children as young as 3 years old, making targeted interventions crucial for early prevention.
A Washington University in St. Louis study found that the Supreme Court tends to decide significant cases at the end of its session, with over 30% of these decisions issued in June. The researchers propose three possible explanations for this trend: legacy concerns, public relations considerations, and social schedules.
Researchers at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute and the University of Maryland School of Medicine have identified a new pathway linking the brain to high blood pressure. The study suggests new approaches for treating hypertension and heart failure, potentially improving patient outcomes.
A study by University of Akron researcher Jennifer Tehan Stanley found that young and middle-aged adults consider aggressive humor funny, whereas older adults do not. The study suggests our concept of what is funny may evolve over time as we age.
The UK will receive £125M over five years to support PhD training in agriculture, food security, industrial biotechnology, bioenergy, and health. This funding aims to build on the country's strengths in these areas and tackle major challenges such as food demand, sustainable industries, and healthcare.
A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute finds that osteoporosis treatment may also benefit breast cancer patients by slowing skeletal metastasis. Women who took oral bisphosphonates had a reduced risk of bone metastases, with longer medication use resulting in greater reduction.
Scientists have discovered a 52-million-year-old beetle fossil in India that showcases the earliest known example of myrmecophily, or ant-loving behavior. The beetle's unique adaptations enable it to bypass ant nest defenses and integrate into colony life.
Sok Kean Khoo, a GVSU researcher, has received a $110,000 grant from the Michael J. Fox Foundation to study molecular biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. The goal is to develop a blood test for early detection and potentially improve treatment options for the incurable neurological disorder.
Approximately one out of three adults over 50 suffer from sarcopenia, a condition that affects ability to live an active life. Research found that increased resistance exercise and specific nutrition, such as protein and essential amino acids, can improve muscle mass and function.
A study found that energy drink consumption increased frequency of insomnia and nervousness in athletes, contradicting claims of improved sports performance. Energy drinks contain caffeine, which stimulates athletes but does not provide additional energy.
A large UK study has found a significant link between gout and diabetes in the general population, particularly among women. Women with gout were 71% more likely to develop diabetes than those without, highlighting the importance of prompt treatment of shared risk factors.
A study by Ohio State University found that people in a bad mood tend to spend more time on social media profiles of those who are less successful and unattractive. This suggests that individuals use social networking sites as a means to manage their moods, seeking comparison with others who are doing worse.
A new study found that IBS patients process pain signals from the gut abnormally, with depressed patients showing reduced central pain inhibition. Depression may contribute to the development or maintenance of disturbed pain processing in IBS.
Researchers found a small but significant effect of gene conversion bias on the persistence of heritable diseases in populations. The study suggests that this bias may contribute to the retention of disease-associated alleles, increasing the risk of recessive diseases across populations.
Research found a significant association between high alcohol intake and heightened HPV infection risk in men, even after adjusting for other risk factors. The study suggests that moderate alcohol consumption may be crucial to reducing this risk, alongside safe sex practices and smoking cessation.
UC Berkeley researchers have discovered how our brains merge faces for stability and continuity. By identifying a 'Continuity Field' in facial recognition, they explain why we can't tell the difference between an actor's face and their stunt double's.
Researchers have found that protein AIM can prevent liver cancer development by triggering the complement cascade to eliminate cancerous cells. AIM accumulates on the surface of HCC cells, leading to their destruction.
A recent Cornell University study found that eating with someone who appears overweight can lead to consuming more unhealthy foods and less healthy portions. Researchers discovered that participants served and ate 31.6% more pasta when the actress wore a prosthesis, but reduced salad intake by 43.5%.
The HHS has added four new substances to its 13th Report on Carcinogens, including ortho-toluidine, 1-bromopropane, cumene, and pentachlorophenol. Ortho-toluidine is a known human carcinogen, while the other three are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on studies in humans and animals.
A new study reveals the cerebellum expanded up to six times faster than expected in human and ape evolution, shifting focus from the neocortex. The findings suggest technical intelligence was equally important as social intelligence in human cognitive evolution.
A study published by LA BioMed researchers found that patients who tested positive for THC in their system had a lower mortality rate than those who didn't, with only 2.4% of THC-positive patients dying compared to 11.5% of THC-negative patients. The researchers suggest that THC may help protect the brain after traumatic injury.
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommend best practices for law enforcement agencies and courts to improve the accuracy of eyewitness identifications. Research has shown that factors such as dim lighting, brief viewing times, and biases can influence people's perceptions, leading to mistaken identifications.
Researchers at IRCM discovered that a protein called Sonic Hedgehog induces DNA damage, which promotes the progression of medulloblastoma, the most common brain tumor found in children. The study found that Boc receptor is required for Sonic Hedgehog to induce DNA mutations, reducing tumour growth by 66%.
Researchers develop new approach to generate mixed-up photon pairs on a chip, exploiting micro-ring resonator technology. The device can directly generate orthogonal polarized photons at very low power, suitable for quantum protocols.
Researchers analyzed cultural and historical forces to estimate historic changes in UV exposure contributing to the rise in melanoma cases. Changes in fashion and clothing design, as well as increased leisure time and sun exposure, are identified as key factors.
Typhoon Phanfone had a small, pinhole-sized open eye surrounded by a thick band of thunderstorms. The storm was expected to weaken and transition to an extra-tropical cyclone on October 4.
A new study suggests that a moderate to high perception of family invalidation is a statistically significant predictor of a later suicide event among boys. Strong peer invalidation also predicts engagement in self-harm behaviors in the overall group, according to researchers.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have created thermotolerant yeast that can grow at 40 degrees, allowing for more efficient bioethanol production. This breakthrough could reduce cooling costs and increase the use of residual waste as a raw material, resulting in cost savings and a reduced carbon footprint.
Researchers found that an ancient protein-making enzyme, TyrRS, has a second major function: protecting DNA during cellular stress. This discovery could lead to better therapies for radiation injuries and hereditary disorders like Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.