A new portable device using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry can detect the specific vapors emitted by US currency, potentially helping border guards identify and seize billions of dollars in smuggled cash. The system, called BCDS, is being developed to improve detection and has been shown to work effectively within seconds.
Tropical Storm Iselle weakened significantly before striking the southeast coast of Hawaii's Big Island, causing widespread damage and power outages. The storm brought heavy rain and strong winds to the island, with sustained winds of 60 mph at landfall.
Scientists have created a new technique to transform methane-emitting landfill gas into hydrogen, which can be used in fuel cells to generate clean electricity. The breakthrough involves using a highly stable catalyst material that prevents carbon deposition, allowing for more efficient production of hydrogen.
A recent study found that flexible sigmoidoscopy screening significantly reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer by 20% and mortality rate by 27%, compared to no screening. The screening method was effective in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, regardless of age group.
A Michigan State University study suggests that adolescents who are more fearful of crime are less likely to become victims and offenders of violent acts. The research found that fearful youth tend to avoid potentially dangerous situations, leading to safer outcomes.
Researchers using supercomputers at TACC analyzed bacterial communities for gum disease, diabetes, and Crohn's disease. They found that these microbes adjust their metabolism in response to disease, suggesting new ways to prevent or reverse the conditions.
A Quebec study found that 77% of children placed in out-of-home care eventually reunify with their families, with the majority reuniting within 6 months. Younger children and those from low-socioeconomic backgrounds face a lower likelihood of family reunification.
Research highlights the importance of glial cells in CNS regeneration. Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, but also influence the survival and fates of transplanted neural stem cells. Regulating their behavior can create a permissive microenvironment for neuronal regeneration.
Geckos can run up walls, cling to ceilings, and defy gravity due to their unique toe hairs called seta that turn sticky and non-sticky instantly. This 'smart' adhesion system allows geckos to achieve remarkable speeds and support massive weights.
Researchers discovered that geckos can turn their toe hairs' stickiness on and off, allowing for speed and energy-efficient climbing. This mechanism is crucial for geckos' survival and enables potential applications in synthetic dry-adhesives for extreme environments.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame have discovered a new class of hybrid perovskites with exceptional performance in solid-state thin film solar cells. The materials demonstrate high light-to-electricity conversion efficiencies approaching 20% and are easy to process using coating and printing techniques.
Tropical Depression Genevieve dissipated in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean after a two-week journey through three Pacific regions. Maximum sustained winds dropped to 25 knots as the storm moved northwest at 8 knots.
The Antarctic midge's genome is the smallest sequenced so far, with only 99 million base pairs. This compact genome may hold clues to the insect's incredible ability to survive in extreme conditions. Researchers are now eager to explore whether other sub-Antarctic organisms have similar genomes.
The Antarctic midge's small genome lacks many DNA segments and repeat elements found in most animal genomes. This 'bare-bones' genome may be an evolutionary answer to surviving the cold conditions of Antarctica.
Researchers found that mowing and prescribed burns increased plant density and flowering percentage of gentian species, a rare find due to human suppression of wildfires. Northern pine snakes struggle to cross roads, with only small patches of habitat left to support populations.
Researchers investigate supperrotation on Venus and Titan using global atmospheric simulations. They find a global instability coupling equatorial waves, which could predict superrotation occurrence. This discovery helps scientists design spacecraft and landing missions for specific targets.
A Phase II trial is being conducted to test fexinidazole, a 'rediscovered' drug, for its safety and efficacy in treating Chagas disease. The study aims to determine if the drug is safer and more effective than placebo in clearing the parasite that causes the disease.
Graphene-based planar micro-supercapacitors provide a promising solution for on-chip energy storage with high power density and fast charging capabilities. The devices can deliver a superior cycling lifetime of millions of cycles, making them suitable for applications that require high power over a short timeframe.
University of Oklahoma professor Chris Weaver is developing innovative visualization tools to interact with data in the digital humanities. The project aims to provide a general way to create, edit, search and query data inside visualizations, enabling users to express their observations directly.
A new study by US Forest Service scientists found that eastern hemlock loss due to the hemlock woolly adelgid insect has no significant effect on short-term stream flow, but increases peak flows after extreme storm events. The loss of foundation species in forested riparian zones could amplify climate change impacts.
A cluster randomized trial found that installing alcohol-based hand sanitizer dispensers in classrooms did not reduce the rate of school absences in children. The provision of hand sanitizers also did not affect the number of absences due to specific illnesses or the length of illness and absence from school.
Four major wildfires are burning in northern Washington, including Upper Falls, Little Bridge Creek, Lone Mountain, and Duncan fires, all started by lightning strikes, with dry conditions and red flag warnings in place.
A new study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that heart attack survivors who exercise excessively are at a higher risk of cardiovascular deaths. Researchers recommend exercising within a moderate range to reap long-term health benefits, with daily doses not exceeding 60 minutes and 5 hours of vigorous exercise per week.
GnRH neurons in rat preoptic area undergo morphological changes during puberty, including inverted Y distribution pattern and increased spine-like processes. These findings provide insight into reproductive maturation and GnRH regulation.
A major study estimates that nearly half of the US adult population will develop type 2 diabetes by age 20, with Hispanic men and non-Hispanic black women facing the highest risk. The study found a significant increase in lifetime risk of diabetes over 26 years, driven by rising rates and longer life expectancy.
Scientists have successfully tested a new treatment for aggressive brain cancer, using tiny gold nanoparticles to kill tumour cells. The treatment combines chemotherapy with radiotherapy, targeting cancer cells directly and enhancing the impact of conventional treatments.
Researchers have identified a key gene linked to Huntington's disease as also playing a crucial role in normal long-term memory formation. The study used the marine snail Aplysia to explore this connection and found that eliminating the protein disrupted memory formation.
The ALS Association granted Lauren Sciences LLC a grant to develop a V-Smart therapeutic for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. The project aims to deliver neurotrophic factors across the blood brain barrier using the company's novel V-Smart nanovesicle platform technology.
Researchers developed a new model explaining how autism occurs, with genetically-controlled brain plasticity mechanisms potentially determining autistic capabilities and subtypes. The 'Trigger-Threshold-Target' model suggests focusing on developing children's unique strengths rather than solely correcting behaviors.
A study of 1.7 million hospital patients found that experiencing atrial fibrillation while hospitalized for surgery was associated with an increased long-term risk of ischemic stroke, particularly following noncardiac surgery. The risk was also higher after cardiac surgery.
A study found that altered brain activity, measured by PET scans, is associated with impaired daily living activities in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The researchers identified changes in frontal and temporal areas of the brain linked to memory and decision-making.
Tropical Storm Julio is weakening as it moves through cooler Central Pacific Ocean waters, with most clouds and precipitation pushed north of the center. The storm is expected to gradually turn north before turning into a depression by August 14, according to NOAA's CPHC.
A study found that different meta-analysis approaches can yield varying treatment outcome estimates, with some methods producing larger results. The researchers recommend assessing the robustness of their results through sensitivity analyses and comparing to other strategies.
Researchers directly compared human and bonobo yawn contagion, finding that strong relationships matter more than species for empathic responses. Humans respond more frequently to friends and kin, while bonobos do so equally, challenging the assumption that humans are more empathetic.
The collaboration aims to understand the underlying genetics of IBD and potentially lead to new treatments. All study participants will receive 23andMe's Personal Genome Service at no cost.
Researchers found that Yizhijiannao granule inhibits neuronal apoptosis, reducing tau phosphorylation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. The study identified multiple proteins involved in regulating amyloid beta production, oxidative stress, and neuronal survival.
A nationwide analysis of over 8,000 patients with COPD found that modifiable factors such as prescription adherence and follow-up care can reduce early readmissions. The study suggests that strategies to reduce hospital readmissions extend beyond quality of COPD-specific care.
A new study found that immigrants in Ontario have a significantly lower risk of codeine overdose and death compared to those born in Canada, even when language proficiency is limited. The research suggests that physicians may not need to be as cautious in prescribing codeine for adults or new mothers from East Africa.
Researchers at Oak Crest Institute of Science are developing an intravaginal ring capable of delivering powerful antiretroviral drugs to prevent HIV infection in women. The project aims to determine the best combination of antiretroviral drugs for prevention via vaginal delivery.
Researchers at UCL used mathematical modeling to find that life's Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) had a 'leaky' membrane, enabling it to harness energy from its surroundings. This discovery answers two big questions in biology: how cells harvest energy and why bacteria and archaea have different cell membranes.
A study of 191 couples found that social and economic marginalization takes a psychological toll on both individuals and their relationships. The research highlights the need for couples-based interventions to improve the health and well-being of transgender women and their male partners.
Researchers have discovered a potential MERS transmission mechanism between bats and humans, highlighting the need for understanding animal origins and preventing human infections. The study found that MERS virus adapts to human cells more efficiently than related bat virus HKU4, which struggles to infect human cells.
A prospective study found that baseline levels of fluorescent oxidation products (FlOP_320) predicted the risk of future hip fracture in postmenopausal women. Women with higher FlOP_320 readings had a significantly increased risk of hip fractures, with those in the upper 30% having 2.67 times the risk.
A systematic review found that heart failure is a substantial health burden in low- and middle-income countries, with significant variation in presentation, causes, and management across different regions. The study also highlights the need for more research attention to address this public health issue.
A major international study found that only half of women eligible for antenatal corticosteroids received them, highlighting gaps in treatment practices. The use of these life-saving medications is highly variable across countries, with some nations receiving up to 91% of eligible women.
Researchers have discovered that copper foams can convert carbon dioxide into formic acid and propylene, two valuable industrial chemicals. The discovery provides a new route for sustainable chemical production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Childhood cancer survivors do not adhere to the American Cancer Society's guidelines on healthy eating and physical activity, despite facing increased risk of second cancers, heart disease, and psychosocial problems. Only a small percentage of survivors meet fiber recommendations, and those who do tend to be healthier individuals.
Researchers identified three key neurocognitive dimensions: impulsive action, impulsive choice, and reward sensitivity. These dimensions are linked to externalizing problems and can be targeted in interventions. The study suggests prevention and intervention approaches targeting these deficits have potential to impact clinical outcomes.
Scientists have discovered that chemical modifications of a gene can contribute to cancer. A new method developed by MIT researchers analyzes these modifications to identify the type of tumor and how it will respond to different drugs. The technique could offer a way to choose the best treatment for individual patients.
Researchers found a significant reduction in blood transfusions with tranexamic acid, with no increased risk of complications. The study involved over 872,000 patients and found that the drug was effective in reducing blood loss during and after major joint surgery.
The 340B program is facing critical issues such as eligibility definition, compliance, and transparency. RAND researchers estimate that the program accounts for $6 billion in outpatient drug spending and provides savings of $1.6 billion for eligible safety net providers.
Scientists have discovered a way to create hemp-derived carbon nanosheets that can store as much energy as graphene, the current gold standard for supercapacitors. These nanosheets offer a promising alternative for more affordable and sustainable energy storage.
A new trial in Bangladesh aims to assess the effect of lactoferrin on treating iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. If successful, it could lead to cost-efficient improvements in global newborn health and development.
Researchers found nearly all Cameroonian aluminum pots contain high levels of lead, exceeding US guidelines for safe consumption. The study highlights a previously unrecognized source of lead exposure in Africa and Asia.
A recent study by Dartmouth researchers reveals that the retrosplenial cortex plays a critical role in forming contextual memories, which enable us to recall events along with their associated physical locations. This breakthrough finding has significant implications for understanding memory-related illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease.
The University of Alaska Fairbanks has received a $18.8 million award from the National Institutes of Health to fund statewide biomedical research and student training in Alaska. The five-year award will support research networks across three university campuses, focusing on health, disease, and environmental factors.
A new study from Concordia University reveals that infants can categorize objects as animate or inanimate even at 10 months old. The study used a visual habituation paradigm to measure how long babies look at different objects, finding that they can distinguish between natural paths of animals and moving cars.
Researchers found that rule monitoring, an executive function, facilitates more accurate prospective memory in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study identified predictors of prospective memory deficit post-TBI and highlights the importance of including rule monitoring in clinical assessments.
A Baylor University researcher found that individuals with a secure attachment to God experience fewer symptoms of anxiety-related disorders. Those who pray but do not expect comfort or protection from God are more likely to show symptoms of anxiety.
The study found that most people can access community pharmacies within a 20-minute walk, with greater access in deprived areas. Community pharmacies have the potential to deliver public health services and interventions to areas that need them most.
A new study reveals that a single Maldivian atoll's whale sharks account for nearly 3% of global shark ecotourism. The South Ari atoll Marine Protected Area attracts 77,000 tourists annually, generating $9.4 million in direct income. The valuation of wildlife tourism is the first to be calculated exclusively from observational studies.
Researchers at Rice University have found that foam is more effective than water, gas, and surfactant combinations in removing oil from low-permeability formations. Foam's unique properties allow it to penetrate and dislodge oil without losing its effectiveness, making it a promising tool for enhanced oil recovery.
Rice University physicist Emilia Morosan has been awarded a $1.5 million grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to investigate unusual quantum materials. Her research aims to uncover fundamental properties of these compounds, which may lead to new discoveries in condensed matter physics.
Brain tumors grow exclusively within narrow spaces between and along the brain's thousands of small blood vessels, contrary to the theory of neoangiogenesis. This 'autovascular' growth allows tumor cells to draw energy and fuel their growth like normal brain tissue.
A team of international researchers has successfully isolated thick multilayers of silicene and demonstrated its stability in the presence of oxygen for at least 24 hours. The breakthrough allows scientists to further explore the material's properties, which have made silicene a promising candidate for the electronics industry.
A large study published in European Urology has found that needle-guided tumor destruction procedures, such as partial nephrectomy and radiofrequency ablation, offer near equivalent lengths of local cancer control compared to surgery for patients with small kidney cancer tumors.
A study found that delaying cardioversion for more than 12 hours after atrial fibrillation diagnosis increases the risk of strokes and blood clots. Patients with delayed treatment had a higher incidence of thromboembolic complications, highlighting the importance of prompt correction.
Researchers developed a novel fluorescence-based assay for detecting antibodies in serum samples, enabling earlier diagnosis and better disease progression tracking. The new assay is particularly useful for small sample volumes, making it suitable for studies with limited sample availability.
A phase I clinical trial for MicroVAX's cancer vaccine has begun in Singapore, assessing safety and immune response against breast, prostate, colon, ovary, and lung cancers. The vaccine targets a common protein on many types of cancer.
Releasing genetically engineered male flies could be an effective way to control the Mediterranean fruit fly, a serious agricultural pest that causes extensive damage to crops. The method works by producing only male offspring, which then mate with local females and pass on a self-limiting trait, resulting in no viable female offspring.