Articles tagged with Brain Tumors
Researchers created a combined MRI and ultramicroscopy toolkit to study vessel growth in glioma models, providing better understanding of underlying mechanisms and potential novel targets for future drug development. The technique helped assess the effects of existing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments on tumour growth.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that adult survivors of childhood brain tumors exhibit significant cognitive deficits in intelligence, educational achievement, and employment. The study also showed that hydrocephalus is associated with poor cognitive function, even decades after treatment.
The UPMC-developed GlioSeq test provides rapid and accurate profiling of genetic abnormalities in brain tumors, guiding treatment planning. This next-generation sequencing test identifies previously known alterations as well as new molecular markers, enabling personalized management of patients.
Researchers identified a pivotal role of the Miz1 protein in determining tumor identity and its interaction with Myc proteins driving group 3 medulloblastoma. The study suggests targeting the Miz1-Myc complex may suppress the spread of group 3 tumors.
Researchers at Salk Institute identify nuclear factor kB as a key player in glioblastoma multiforme proliferation. Targeting this protein with NBD peptide or Timp1 gene slows tumor growth and increases mouse survival time, offering potential new treatment avenues.
Researchers discovered a novel pathway to cancer that involves the misfolding of the genome and IDH mutations. This disruption allows a potent growth factor gene to be activated by an always-on gene switch, leading to cancer growth.
A woman with treatment-resistant depression was found to have a brain tumor after symptoms persisted for six months despite antidepressant and anti-anxiety medication. The tumor, located in her left frontal lobe, was later treated successfully with emergency surgery, resulting in the disappearance of depressive symptoms.
Vestibular schwannomas cause hearing loss by secreting toxic molecules like TNFa, which damages the inner ear. The study provides a new mechanism for sensorineural hearing loss in these tumors.
A new cell culture technique called VOGIM allows the formation of tumor blood vessels and their interaction with immune cells to be observed in real-time. This enables the study of tumor growth, cell death, and the influence of medications on these developments without live animal testing.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine have developed a new nanotechnology approach using 'smart fat cells' that can pass the blood-brain barrier to detect early-stage brain tumors. This breakthrough could transform gliomas from a death sentence into a treatable condition, enabling patients to receive timely treatment.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed a non-invasive blood test that can diagnose some types of malignant childhood tumour with high accuracy. The test looks for specific genetic code patterns in blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, allowing for early diagnosis and monitoring without exposure to radiation.
Researchers found that combining TTFields with chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free and overall survival for patients with glioblastoma. The study, published in JAMA, suggests a potential new treatment approach for this devastating brain tumor.
Researchers have found that tumors driven by IDH1 mutations are vulnerable to depletion of metabolite NAD+, which supports the development of new treatments. Inhibiting NAD+ levels can induce the death of IDH1-mutant tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth in animal models.
Researchers reveal brain cancer's highly organized structure, with glioma cells forming streams, swirls, and spheres to protect and spread tumor growth. These structures are not related to specific cancer mutations and can be targeted for treatment.
University of Oregon scientists have identified a molecular change in aging stem cells that stops them from making tumors. The discovery, detailed in the journal Current Biology, focuses on the larval stage of fruit fly development and reveals that a protein called Eyeless plays a crucial role in regulating Notch signaling.
A recent study published in Cancer Cell found that a key signaling pathway present in most organisms actually suppresses the formation of specific types of brain tumor, including gliomas. This discovery has significant implications for glioma treatment and diagnosis.
Researchers develop nanoparticles that can carry therapeutics across the brain blood barrier, offering new hope for treating glioblastoma multiforme. The 3HM nanocarriers show promising attributes for treating brain cancers.
A new study by Siyuan Zhang and colleagues reveals that the microenvironment of tumor cells has a significant impact on cancer metastasis. The study suggests that the 'seed and soil' model, where tumors adapt to new tissues, can be used to prevent metastasis.
Treatment with anti-angiogenesis drugs improves radiation treatment of nervous system tumors in animal models, reducing tumor size and nerve damage. Anti-VEGF treatment enhances nerve regeneration and decreases muscle atrophy.
Researchers propose using cerebrospinal fluid as a liquid biopsy for early diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic management, and tracking of brain cancer. Concentrations of circulating central nervous system tumor DNA are higher in CSF than in plasma.
A study published in Environmental Health found that short-lived environmental factors, such as common infections and atmospheric pollution, may be involved in the development of neuroblastic tumours in children. The research identified temporal clustering of cases in northern England over a 43-year period.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have reported the first successful use of a targeted therapy drug to treat a patient with a debilitating, recurrent brain tumor. Treatment with BRAF inhibitor dabrafinib led to rapid shrinkage of the tumor, and the patient remains symptom-free over a year after treatment.
A new study reveals that chemotherapy-induced hearing loss in pediatric brain tumor survivors can lead to significant neurocognitive deficits, including intelligence, executive function, and verbal reasoning skills. Children who received radiation therapy and developed hearing loss are at particularly high-risk for these deficits.
Researchers have identified a protein inside blood vessels at the invasive edge of brain tumours, enabling more accurate mapping and potentially improving treatment outcomes. The new imaging technique could lead to better surgery and radiotherapy for patients with brain tumours.
Researchers are testing a stimulated Raman scattering microscope to image brain tissue in real-time, allowing surgeons to see the difference between tumor tissue and normal brain. The technology has the potential to resolve a long-standing issue in cancer surgery by providing faster and more effective methods to assess tumor removal.
Case Western Reserve University researcher Efstathios Karathanasis has received a $2.82 million grant to develop a treatment that eradicates glioblastoma multiforme with one safe dose. The treatment uses chain-like nanoparticles carrying chemotherapy medicine and inhibitors to target brain tumor cells.
Inserm researchers have developed a noninvasive brain imaging method using MRI that provides the same information as physical palpation, allowing for early diagnosis of brain tumors or Alzheimer's disease. The technique uses noise correlation to detect natural shear waves in the brain, enabling building images of the brain's elasticity.
Researchers have identified a virus-drug combination that shows improved effectiveness against brain tumor cells, specifically glioblastoma. The combination of the myxoma virus and certain existing drugs, such as axitinib, reduces tumor-initiating cell viability by 20% or more.
Researchers found that adult survivors of pediatric posterior fossa brain tumors performed significantly lower on standardized clinical tests of working memory, and had increased blood-oxygen level dependent activation in prefrontal regions.
A new meta-analysis found that being overweight or obese increases the risk of meningioma by 21% and 54%, respectively. Conversely, high physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of meningioma.
Researchers found diminished interaction among cytokines in people who later developed tumors five years before diagnosis. This suggests the tumor is suppressing local immune activation, allowing it to grow.
Seizures are a common occurrence in childhood brain tumor survivors, affecting 24% at the start and 14% on an ongoing basis. Certain factors such as tumor type and extent of surgery contribute to seizure risk, impacting treatment management.
A study published in Nature found that guppies evolved 135 genes in response to a new environment, with most changes affecting biological processes like metabolism and immune function. However, the initial response was often opposite to the eventual evolutionary change, suggesting that genes can adapt quickly in the short term.
A study published in Neurosurgery found that complete resection of high-grade brain cancer significantly improves survival rates in children. The study revealed a greater survival benefit for female patients compared to male patients. Gross total resection (GTR) improved the chances of survival free of recurrent or progressive cancer o...
Scientists have discovered a cytokine called MIF that regulates EGFR activation in the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor progression. The findings could lead to new approaches in treating tumors by intervening in this self-regulating loop.
A targeted therapy called vismodegib is effective against the SHH subtype of medulloblastoma in adults, which accounts for about 60% of tumors. The drug blocks a key protein in the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and has been shown to shrink or disappear tumors in four adult participants.
Researchers have developed a new therapy that slows the spread of deadly brain tumor cells by disrupting their communication pathway. The treatment improved patient survival by 50% in a mouse model and has potential as an adjunct to traditional chemotherapy and radiation treatments.
Erlangen-based doctors have created a new classification system for brain tumors that predicts the development of gliomas with high precision. The Friedlein Grading A/B (FGA/B) system classifies tumors according to their position in the brain on routine MRI scans.
Researchers found that glucose and acetate can activate key tumor signaling molecule mTORC2, allowing tumors to resist targeted therapies like EGFR inhibitors. This discovery provides a potential window into treating glioblastoma, a deadly brain cancer with limited treatment options.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center identified Ets family genes as contributors to glioma brain tumors. Blocking these genes may lead to novel treatment therapies.
Scientists at the University of Leeds discovered a new protein, DOCK4, that triggers blood vessel growth in breast cancer tumors. Withholding this protein slows tumor growth by impeding blood vessel formation.
Researchers found that dasatinib inhibits proteins promoting cancer growth but also suppresses those protecting against it. The study suggests pretesting patient biopsies can help identify patients who may respond to dasatinib and those who should avoid it.
A national cancer study has found that a tumor's DNA, not just tumor stage, is key to determining if a lower-grade malignant brain tumor may rapidly progress to glioblastoma. The findings could lead to earlier and more aggressive treatment for those tumors projected to be on the fast path.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine identified a key player in maintaining brain tumor stem cells' ability to survive and replenish themselves. Disrupting this process using protein CDC20 has been shown to reduce tumor growth by up to 95 percent in mice, offering new hope for treating glioblastoma.
A UCSF-Mayo Clinic team has identified three molecular markers that can classify gliomas more accurately than current methods. The study found that these markers are associated with distinct subgroups of gliomas varying in median survival times and characteristics.
A groundbreaking study reclassifies brain tumors using molecular diagnostics, surpassing traditional microscopic classification. The findings will enable more consistent diagnosis and treatment of diffuse gliomas, guiding patient management and informing chemotherapy strategies.
Researchers from four UK centers shared latest developments in low and high-grade brain tumour research, including updates on the iKnife smart scalpel. The workshop aimed to foster partnerships between key research hubs to speed up translation of research into clinical trials.
A new way of classifying brain cancers has been found, with striking molecular differences between various forms of gliomas. This discovery could lead to more precise diagnosis and patient management.
A new classification system has been developed to improve the diagnosis and treatment of low- and intermediate-grade gliomas (LGGs), reducing the reliance on subjective tumor appearance. The system uses molecular and genetic analysis to identify three distinct groups of LGGs with varying prognoses, offering a more objective approach.
Researchers found that a lower dose of modified poliovirus therapy is more effective in treating glioblastoma brain tumors, resulting in fewer side effects. The therapy has been shown to be safe with minimal side effects related to localized brain inflammation.
A nationwide survey shows a significant growth in pediatric proton therapy patients, with 56% under age 10. Proton therapy offers precise treatment for various tumor diagnoses, including ependymoma and medulloblastoma.
Doctors at TUM used navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to map motor areas in patients with malignant brain tumors. This method improved prognosis by reducing residual tumor tissue and shortening hospitalization periods. Mapping of motor areas also enabled surgeons to remove tumors without affecting functional areas.
Researchers identified three cancer-promoting genes in choroid plexus carcinoma, a rare and often fatal brain tumor. The discovery provides hope for effective treatment with investigational drugs called ATR inhibitors.
Researchers found DDX3X mutations lead to different molecular defects, requiring tailored therapies. The study identified specific defects for one class of mutants, providing a foundation for individualized treatments.
Researchers developed a new algorithm called CONSERTING to identify DNA duplications and deletions in cancer genomes, improving accuracy and sensitivity. The tool helped discover genetic alterations driving various cancers, including pediatric leukemia and brain tumors.
The study provides a comprehensive look at glioblastoma treatments, reviewing challenges faced by researchers and clinicians. It presents hope for better treatments through harnessing the power of the human genome.
A new study supports the screening and treatment of depression in brain tumor patients, who are at high risk of depressive symptoms that can impact care outcomes. The authors recommend using reliable screening tools and refer patients with positive results for detailed psychiatric assessment.
A new Stanford University School of Medicine study has found that brain tumor growth is stimulated by nerve activity in the cerebral cortex. The research, conducted in mice with human brain cancer implants, identified a specific protein called neuroligin-3 as responsible for the increase in tumor growth associated with neuronal activity.
A new study from Rice University suggests that therapies targeting the insulin signaling pathway in brain tumors may be ineffective if they target the wrong molecules. Researchers found that glioblastomas, the deadliest form of brain cancer, have a complex relationship with insulin and other growth factors.
Researchers at MIT and Whitehead Institute discover that glioblastoma cells rely on enzyme GLDC to break down glycine, which can be exploited to kill cancer cells. Blocking GLDC activity could offer a new approach to combating brain tumors.