A recent study at the Center for BrainHealth found that nicotine use alters the effects of marijuana on the brain. The researchers discovered an association between smaller hippocampal brain volume and increased memory performance in individuals who use both marijuana and tobacco compared to those who only use marijuana or tobacco excl...
Researchers propose that bacteria in the gut activate immune cells against proteins in the eye, leading to autoimmune uveitis. A study on mice found that eliminating gut bacteria delayed disease onset and severity, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for this condition.
A national survey of EMS providers identified airway management skills and personal anxiety as key factors contributing to pediatric safety events in out-of-hospital care. The study supports the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation for pediatric physician involvement in EMS training and policy development.
A new study reveals that lizard embryos can die at 110 degrees Fahrenheit, even for short periods, due to the heat trap effect of nests. This bias in previous studies has led to overly optimistic forecasts about lizards' fate during climate change.
New research shows that increased US border enforcement alters traditional settlement patterns, leading more Mexican immigrants to settle in states beyond the borders. For every 1,000 additional border patrol agents, a state's share of Mexican immigrants declined by nearly 22 percentage points.
A new method developed by McGill University professor Shaun Lovejoy could significantly improve atmospheric forecasting accuracy, particularly over long periods. By leveraging the atmosphere's long-term memory, Lovejoy's approach shows promise in explaining the 'pause' in global warming since 1998.
Researchers found that high-fat diets impair stomach receptors that signal fullness, leading to delayed feelings of satisfaction and increased food consumption. The study suggests that capsaicin in hot chillies may prevent overeating through its action on these nerves.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that middle-management employees suffer from higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to those at the top or bottom of the social hierarchy. Symptoms of depression were reported by 18% of supervisors and managers, while workers experienced 12%.
Researchers tested the novel next-generation small molecule drug SGI-110 in MDS and AML patients, revealing it is well-tolerated and biologically active. The study found potent dose-related DNA demethylation associated with clinical response, showing promise for treating leukemia patients.
Australian and Chinese researchers have made significant progress in determining the causes of soil acidification. By examining a massive transect of land in China, they found different drivers of soil acidification processes in various types of soils.
Teens who use e-cigarettes are more likely to start smoking combustible tobacco products, according to a recent study. The study found that e-cigarette users were 31% more likely to report using combustible tobacco within six months of using e-cigarettes.
A new study by Tohoku University researchers found that meteorite impacts can create nucleobases and amino acids, essential components of life. The team's hypervelocity impact experiments revealed the formation of two types of nucleobases and nine proteinogenic amino acids.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased in Greek schoolchildren, while normal weight children increased, during the early years of the Greek economic crisis. This change may be attributed to suboptimal living conditions during that period.
A recent study by the UC Davis team has discovered that an early inflammatory response can 'paralyze' CD4 T cells, a crucial component of the immune system. This finding could lead to more effective cancer treatments and new approaches for managing autoimmune conditions.
Participants in an agricultural intervention showed improved HIV outcomes, including increased CD4 cell counts and viral suppression rates. The program addressed food insecurity, poverty, and empowerment, demonstrating a potential solution to combat the intertwined issues of HIV/AIDS and food insecurity.
A recent study published in PLOS Medicine suggests that a mother's genetic makeup plays a significant role in determining her baby's birth weight and length, rather than their own height. The research also found that taller mothers tend to deliver babies at earlier gestational ages.
Scientists at the University of Zurich successfully controlled colloidal nanoparticles' motion, harnessing electric and optical forces to manipulate their behavior. The technique enables rapid displacement, low energy consumption, and large storage capacity, making it suitable for new data storage applications or high-resolution displays.
Research shows that long-term abstinent heroin users experience persistent brain dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens region. This altered activity may trigger intense cravings for drugs in response to stressors or environmental cues.
Researchers found that comet impacts can synthesize peptides, the first building blocks of life, under cold conditions. This suggests that comet impacts played a crucial role in delivering life's seeds to early Earth.
Researchers found that group B streptococcus mutations can promote virulence in infants, particularly after the first few days of life. The study identified specific genomic changes associated with increased virulence, highlighting the need for better therapeutic interventions against neonatal GBS infections.
Actin filaments exhibit synchronized motion when motor proteins are added, with local curvatures incompatible with thermal fluctuations. Collective motion emerges at high densities through non-binary interactions among filaments.
A new study reveals liver fibrosis affects 5.6% of adults aged ?45, primarily those with diabetes or steatosis. The rising prevalence highlights the growing concern of liver health issues due to an aging population and increasing rates of diabetes and obesity.
Researchers have developed a nearly complete human brain model, engineered from adult human skin cells, with an identifiable structure and containing 99% of the genes present in the human fetal brain. The lab-grown brain has the potential to accelerate studies of genetic and environmental causes of central nervous system disorders.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have discovered a single gene, SEC14L2, that allows the easy replication of hepatitis C virus in human liver cancer cell lines. This breakthrough enables scientists to study naturally occurring forms of the virus and develop new effective treatments.
Typhoon Atsani intensified with heavy rainfall rates exceeding 90 mm/h, reaching 16.8 km in height. NASA's GPM analysis predicts it will become a super-typhoon by August 20, posing a threat to the Pacific Ocean.
Researchers have discovered how an emerging class of antibiotics targets bacterial membranes, showing promise in combating superbugs. The study reveals that these antimicrobial lipopeptides form micelles that stick to the bacterial membrane, selectively killing cells while sparing mammalian host cells.
Research finds gut microbes produce a molecule mimicking retinal protein, activating T cells responsible for autoimmune uveitis. The study offers a novel mechanism explaining how tissue-specific autoimmune diseases can arise from responses to gut microbes at a distal site in the body.
A new study published in Social Psychological and Personality Science finds that patients who require immediate medical attention tend to view their doctors as 'empty vessels,' lacking emotions. These patients expect their physicians to empathize with them and contain their emotions, which can lead to better care if acknowledged.
Scientists at UEA have discovered a way to switch the structure of DNA using copper salts and EDTA, enabling potential applications in nanotechnology and DNA-based computing. This breakthrough could also be used for detecting toxic copper cations in water.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute developed a method to simultaneously localize bacteria and antibiotic production in environmental samples. Using mass-spectrometric imaging, they visualized the distribution of antibiotics piericidin A1 and B1 across the outer surface of beewolf cocoons.
The CTRI will support eight junior faculty through the CTSA grant program, create a new post-doctoral fellowship focused on team science, and develop infrastructure to speed regulatory processes. The institute will also expand biomarker and biocomputational capacity and improve information systems tools for research.
A recent study published in Neurosurgery found that brain surgery quality of care is not accurately reflected by patient satisfaction ratings. Despite high overall satisfaction rates, many patients experienced postoperative complications, highlighting the need for more reliable measures of quality care.
Scientists at Max Planck Institute for Chemistry and Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz set a new record for superconductivity by observing conventional superconductivity in hydrogen sulfide at -70 degrees Celsius under high pressure. The discovery highlights a potential way to transport current at room temperature with no loss.
A study by Carnegie's Alan Boss and Sandra Keiser suggests that a shock wave from a supernova may have induced the spin of our Solar System, enabling the formation of a disk around our proto-Sun. This finding challenges previous theories and provides new insights into the earliest phases of planet formation.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have developed a research-based guidance to improve compliance when treating septic patients. The guidance, which incorporates high-profile clinical trials, aims to aid hospitals in implementing the National Quality Forum's Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Management Bundle.
A new study reveals a strong connection between Amazon fires and North Atlantic hurricanes, with warmer ocean temperatures contributing to both phenomena. The research found that reduced atmospheric moisture flow from the North Atlantic leads to drier conditions in the Amazon, creating an environment conducive to wildfires.
Researchers found that powdered cranberry combats colon cancer in mice by reducing tumor size and number. The study suggests that individual components of the fruit could lead to a better understanding of its anti-cancer potential, potentially leading to more effective treatments for colon cancer.
The Cascadia Initiative has deployed seismometers onshore and offshore to monitor the Cascadia subduction zone. The project provides a clearer picture of the region's seismic risk, including undetected small earthquakes and new offshore structures. The initiative also offers insights into tsunami detection and seismic wave readings.
A proof-of-concept study suggests using ultrasound to detect cervical stiffness changes that indicate an increased risk of preterm labor. Researchers found patients between 24 and 35 weeks pregnant with below-average cervical stiffness were at higher risk of preterm birth.
Researchers from the University of Southampton have demonstrated a new laser cooling technique that could cool molecules using matter wave interference. This technique has the potential to cool atoms and molecules beyond conventional methods, opening up new possibilities for quantum devices and technologies.
Researchers developed a model that predicts personalized daily forecasts for each student, enabling early identification of at-risk individuals and encouraging them to stay home. The study used wearable devices and smartphone apps to collect data on students' interactions and health habits.
Researchers at Rockefeller University identified a molecular pathway that can dampen amyloid-β production, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. By targeting this pathway, it may be possible to develop drugs to reduce amyloid-β and potentially treat or prevent the disease.
A new study by Uppsala University researchers has found that evolution is more complex than the traditional Tree of Life model suggests. Incomplete lineage sorting, a phenomenon where genetic variation passes from one species to another, has been documented and quantified for the first time in evolutionary research.
A study of 900 cancer patients found that heparin treatment did not significantly reduce recurrent blood clots or deaths compared to warfarin, but was associated with lower nonmajor bleeding rates. Heparin was also shown to be safe in this population, supporting its use over warfarin.
A study of 479 men found that those experiencing condom-associated erection problems were more likely to have generalized difficulties. Many participants had never been taught how to use condoms correctly, highlighting the need for education and therapy referrals.
A new study found that higher-quality romantic relationships are associated with fewer psychosocial difficulties across adolescence and young adulthood. The quality of the relationship, not just having one, is key to better psychosocial adjustment.
A recent study suggests that victims of sexual assault who were intoxicated during the crime can still accurately report information when interviewed by police. The research challenges the misconception that intoxicated victims are unreliable and may provide less accurate testimony due to alcohol impairment.
A new NIH-funded study reveals a possible link between e-cigarette use and initiation of tobacco use among teenagers. Students who used e-cigarettes by the time they started ninth grade were more likely to start using combustible tobacco products within the next year.
A study of nearly 1,000 women in Pennsylvania found that partnership status and frequency of sexual intercourse were key predictors of prescription contraceptive use. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are used by only 7.2% of women ages 15-44, despite being highly effective.
A nine-gene molecular prognostic index (MPI) provides accurate survival stratification for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The MPI combines gene expression profiles with clinical data from a large database, enabling robust and clinically applicable predictions.
Research shows that past use of oral contraceptives can reduce problems related to functioning, mood and disease activity in women with early inflammatory arthritis. Currently using them also reports benefits.
A study by University of Minnesota authors reveals five key roles sugar plays in food: improving flavor, enhancing color, adding bulk and texture, aiding fermentation, and preserving foods. The research discusses the challenges of labeling added sugar and replacing it in foods.
Researchers at UGA's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory found toxic chemical Aroclor 1268 in egg and tissue samples of least terns across coastal Georgia, causing adverse effects. The contaminant has spread beyond the Superfund site via the food web, posing a risk to bird populations.
The University of Texas at Arlington is collaborating with the consortium to develop more resilient systems engineering designs for NASA's Space Launch System. The research aims to address complex design challenges by modeling diverse groups, reducing costs and improving project management.
Researchers found that stronger winds forecasted by climate change could exacerbate the time females take to find food compared to males, affecting their wellbeing and potentially population sizes. This study on UK coastal seabirds highlights the impact of wind conditions on bird behavior.
New research finds mothers of seriously ill adult children give more instrumental and expressive support than expected, while their healthy children provide mostly comfort and encouragement. The study suggests that healthy children need to step up and provide more support to their elderly mothers during this challenging time.
A new test for liver cancer is being developed based on analyzing the stable isotope compositions of rocks and minerals. The researchers found that patients with HCC have enriched quantities of certain isotopes, such as copper-63 and sulphur-32, in their blood compared to normal controls.
Researchers developed two methods to target HIV in semen, using a heat shock protein to break up amyloid fibrils and a small molecule called CLR01 to disrupt fibril formation and disassemble existing ones. These approaches may reduce HIV transmission and have potential for treating other diseases.
A new study found that employees with a racially diverse group of friends outside of work tend to have a more racially diverse network of friends on the job and exhibit more helpful behavior towards their co-workers. This broader network was linked to increased trust in supervisors who also had a diverse friend network.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have discovered that MRI scanners can steer cell-based tumour busting therapies to specific target sites in the body. This targeted approach increases treatment efficiency and reduces drug doses, alleviating side effects.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed Alibi Routing, a method that allows users to prove their information did not cross through certain geographic areas. The system has a success rate of over 85% and can be used by users to control data transmission.
Researchers have found a biological basis for the long-held belief that eating tomatoes can cause gout flares. Tomato consumption is linked to higher levels of uric acid in the blood, comparable to other commonly accepted gout trigger foods.
Dogs evolved to pursue-pounce predators in response to climate change, shifting from ambushing to endurance running, according to a new fossil study. The research suggests that predators adapt to changing habitats rather than their prey's anatomy.
The Suomi NPP satellite gathered infrared data on Typhoon Goni, showing the strongest thunderstorms in its eastern and southern quadrants. The storm maintained a convective signature despite weakening uplift, with winds near 115mph and a Category Three rating.
Researchers discover that surfaces with valleys less than one micron wide can deflect water, keeping them dry for up to four months. This discovery could revolutionize industries such as shipping and pipe coatings by reducing drag and saving billions of dollars.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a high-throughput screening technique using zebrafish embryos to identify 24 potential new diabetes drugs. The novel method may also be applied to other diseases, including heart disease and neurodegenerative conditions.
NASA's GOES-West satellite captured the final stages of Tropical Depression 11E as it weakened and degenerated into a remnant low pressure area. The post-tropical cyclone's maximum sustained winds were near 30 mph.
A study found that daily liraglutide injections, combined with diet and exercise, resulted in greater weight loss over 56 weeks compared to placebo. Average weight loss was 6.0% with liraglutide (3.0-mg dose), significantly better than the 2.0% with placebo.
A new study reveals higher concentrations of methylmercury in Arctic species compared to lower trophic levels, suggesting increased toxicity and potential protective effects of selenium. The research confirms previous suggestions that biomagnification may be more pronounced in Arctic systems.
A new NIH-funded program will assess the health effects of home gardening on 100 Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho families. The study aims to reduce health disparities suffered by Native Americans in nearly every measure of health.
The University of Miami study reveals that the KLF/SP gene family expanded and diversified during animal evolution through domain shuffling, gene duplication, and de novo domain evolution. This 'tinkering' process led to an increase in repressor domains, which may have contributed to the development of complex cell types and tissues.
Researchers developed a paper-based device that changes color to detect Ebola, yellow fever, or dengue viruses. The test takes minutes and doesn't require electricity, providing a potential solution for remote, low-resource areas.
Researchers used a high-resolution computer model to estimate West Antarctica's ice sheet loss over the next couple of centuries, predicting significant sea-level rise contributions. The study suggests that West Antarctica could lose 80,000 cubic kilometers of ice by 2100 and 200,000 cubic kilometers by 2200.
A review of 90 published studies on contact precautions found no high-quality data to support or reject the practice. Local needs and resources, not mandates, are recommended to drive infection prevention practices. Alternative methods, such as horizontal infection control, may be effective in reducing hospital-acquired infections.
Researchers propose a mesh of Mach-Zehnder interferometers to overcome limitations in traditional optics, enabling perfect performance. This approach enables the creation of custom optical devices with improved power consumption and sensitivity.
A three-year study reveals that contaminated sediments from Fukushima are resuspended by typhoons and transported to the Pacific Ocean. The research team tracked radiocesium levels in sediment samples along the continental shelf and slope, finding high concentrations of clay material characteristic of near-shore sediments.
Researchers found that lice populations in 25 states have high levels of gene mutations linked to resistance to pyrethroids. The most resistant populations are from California, Texas, and Florida, where lice have all three genetic mutations associated with knockdown resistance.
The fourth Atlantic Tropical Depression formed on August 18, 2015, with NASA's Terra satellite capturing its visible image. The depression is expected to gradually strengthen over the next 48 hours and become a tropical storm by August 21.
A new delayed-release metformin treatment has been developed to target the lower bowel and limit absorption into the blood. The treatment may help 40% of type 2 diabetes patients who currently can't take metformin due to impaired kidney function.
A study published in Neurosurgery found that complete resection of high-grade brain cancer significantly improves survival rates in children. The study revealed a greater survival benefit for female patients compared to male patients. Gross total resection (GTR) improved the chances of survival free of recurrent or progressive cancer o...
Researchers discovered that edible active coatings based on pectin, pullulan, and chitosan can preserve the color, flavor, and texture of strawberries. The EACs reduced fruit softening, microbial growth, and extended shelf life from six to 15 days.
New studies establish a framework for nanoinformatics by standardizing the way nanotechnology data are curated. This will enable future studies to combine multiple datasets to explore complex questions. The research also proposes a new, standardized way of studying the properties of nanomaterials using functional assays.
Researchers updated their breast cancer risk model to include benign biopsy results, revealing a 300% increase in five-year risk for women with proliferative findings. The revised model enables more accurate identification of women at high risk who may benefit from chemoprevention.
A study by UC Davis researchers has identified two biomarkers that can detect lung cancer up to six months before diagnosis, with an 80% accuracy rate. The findings offer a promising alternative to expensive low-dose CT scans, which involve X-ray radiation.
E-cigarettes are becoming increasingly available in low- and middle-income countries, where they pose a significant public health risk. The devices may produce known carcinogens and carry the potential for addiction, exacerbating cardiovascular disease and lung problems.
A newly discovered dwarf galaxy is radiating high-energy gamma rays, potentially pointing to the presence of dark matter. The detection was made using publicly available data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and has sparked excitement in the scientific community.
IU School of Medicine researchers have developed biomarkers and apps that can predict the risk of suicide in individuals with bipolar disorder and other psychiatric illnesses. The tests, which use RNA biomarkers from blood samples along with questionnaire instruments, were able to predict suicidal ideation with over 90% accuracy.
Researchers have created a unique antenna that collects unused blue photons from sunlight, converting them into usable energy for silicon-based solar cells. This innovation has the potential to significantly increase solar cell efficiency, making them more affordable and environmentally sustainable.
Johns Hopkins researchers warn that hospital monopolies can drive up medical expenses, reduce patient choice, and threaten quality of care. The authors call for greater vigilance from the Federal Trade Commission to prevent the rise of 'too big to fail' hospital systems.
Women undergoing fertility treatment face a higher risk of depression after giving birth compared to those who don't have a child. The Danish research found that women who give birth after fertility treatment are five times more likely to develop depression in the first six weeks after birth.
Researchers at the University of Melbourne have captured images of immune cells responding to herpes simplex virus using state-of-the-art microscopy. The study reveals the dynamic choreography between killer T cells, helper T cells and dendritic cells as they work together to defeat an infection.
Researchers discover that high nighttime temperatures cause rice plants to produce a stress hormone, leading to losses in yield and quality. They also find that root pruning can occur due to rice water weevils, affecting plant growth.
A new study found that children with larger oral vocabularies at age 2 arrive at kindergarten with greater reading and math achievement, better behavioral self-regulation, and fewer acting out or anxiety-related problem behaviors. Early intervention efforts, such as home visitation programs, may help target these high-risk children.
Shorter maternal height influences fetal environment, affecting pregnancy length and prematurity risk; birth length and weight mainly influenced by genetic factors. The study's findings highlight the importance of identifying genetic contributors to preterm birth.
A large US study found that light to moderate drinking is associated with an increased risk of certain alcohol-related cancers in women, mainly breast cancer, and men who have ever smoked. Overall, the study suggests that women should not exceed one standard drink a day and men should not exceed two standard drinks a day.
Researchers used computed microtomography to investigate a well-preserved fossil arthropod from the famous Chengjiang Lagerstätte in China. The study revealed anatomical details previously hidden in the rock matrix, allowing for the identification of the species as Xandarella spectaculum.
Researchers have discovered how bacteria convert phosphonate compounds into phosphate, using a complex of fourteen proteins. This mechanism could be used to develop techniques for removing pesticide residues from drinking water and understanding the greenhouse effect.
Recent anthropological analysis of a 7000-year-old mass grave reveals victims were murdered and deliberately mutilated during the early Neolithic period. The study suggests that social tensions may have contributed to the termination of this era and that such massacres were frequent features of the early Central European Neolithic period.
A new species of cave-dwelling snail from South Korea has been described, shedding light on the ancient distribution of subterranean biodiversity across Eurasia. The discovery suggests that these unique creatures may have once inhabited a pan-Eurasian range, with potential implications for conservation efforts.