Articles tagged with Brain
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London discovered that bees can solve simple counting tasks with minimal brainpower, using a miniature 'brain' with just four nerve cells. This finding suggests that intelligence and cognitive abilities do not require large brains, but rather efficient algorithms and specific strategies.
A new MRI technique reveals three distinct brain signatures associated with concussions in rugby players. The study confirms persistent changes in brain structure and function that persist six months after injury, even in healthy athletes.
Researchers found that ankylosaurs had a built-in air conditioner in their snouts, which was just as efficient as those in living animals. The long, twisty noses allowed for effective heat exchange and cooling of the brain.
Researchers used 3D modeling to simulate heat exchange in dinosaurs and discovered they had an intricate cooling system in their snouts. The study suggests that the length of their noses played a crucial role in warming and cooling respired air, keeping their brains cool.
Targeting chemical signals between the gut and brain may lead to a new treatment for obesity by disrupting nerve cells that send messages about food intake. Researchers found that nitric oxide reduces sensitivity of nerves, leading to increased food consumption in obese mice.
Researchers developed Structural Unsupervised Viewlets Models (SUVMs) to recognize object categories, inspired by brain's unsupervised learning ability. The SUVMs performed well on the face dataset but underperformed on airplane images.
A study involving over 800 participants found that unconscious assumptions about extramission theory led to different force estimates when a person gazed at an object. The results suggest the brain constructs a social model with an invisible energy beam from others' eyes, influencing perception.
Lipid nanoparticles have shown promise in delivering drugs to the brain due to their ability to cross biological barriers. By modifying their surface, these particles can effectively target brain cells and increase drug efficiency.
A major study has linked genetic variants to their molecular effects in the brain, revealing new mechanisms of diseases. The findings provide a roadmap for development of new therapies for psychiatric conditions. Thousands of RNA molecules are dysregulated in autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
When parents play with infants, their brain activity mirrors the child's attention patterns, suggesting a neural echo effect. This phenomenon, observed in joint play sessions, highlights how adults respond to and influence their babies' behavior.
Scientists have gained a clearer understanding of what happens in the brains of people with Huntington's disease, highlighting the crucial role of glial cells. Glial cell dysfunction is believed to drive neuronal loss and disease progression, leading to motor control problems and cognitive decline.
Stanford researchers have developed a way to study the firing of individual brain cells using only light, eliminating the need for invasive methods. The new approach measures subtle changes in cell shape when they fire, allowing for a cleaner and simpler way to study the brain.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that type 2 diabetes is associated with a decline in verbal memory and fluency over 5 years in older adults. In contrast to previous research, the study did not find a direct link between brain atrophy and cognitive decline in people with T2D.
Researchers found that greater cognitive activity throughout life delays the appearance of symptoms and reduces grey matter loss in the brain. Participants with higher educational levels, language proficiency, and cognitive stimulation showed better neuropsychological test scores and slower disease progression.
A team from TUM has shown that perception, motor impulses, and energy provision occur in the brain simultaneously, not sequentially. The results suggest holistic pain therapy approaches may be beneficial for chronic pain patients.
Research on brain activity shows that sensory responses to visual patterns change between childhood and adulthood in people with autism, mirroring a genetic change associated with autism in fruit flies. The study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying sensory issues in autism, potentially leading to new treatments.
A study by researchers at University of Granada found that attention training improves intelligence scores and brain function in pre-school age children. The benefits are greater when an educator implements a coaching strategy to help the child understand their training process.
A human neuroimaging and eye-tracking study found that the brain updates its preferences in real-time to choose between two equally attractive options, avoiding indecision like Buridan's donkey. This neural activity predicts how individuals reevaluate their choices.
Researchers at Rutgers University discovered that a fatty acid derivative of serotonin in coffee beans' waxy coating, EHT, combined with caffeine can protect against brain degeneration. This combination boosts the activity of a catalyst that prevents protein accumulation associated with Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia.
A new study reveals that brainwaves play a crucial role in inhibiting habitual thinking modes to access more remote ideas. By stimulating the right temporal part of the brain, researchers can increase the capability of inhibiting obvious links, leading to more creative outcomes.
A recent study by researchers at the University of Geneva found that our brains quickly differentiate between angry and happy voices, with a faster response time to perceived threats. This enhanced auditory attention enables us to detect potential dangers more effectively, leading to improved survival behavior.
A study investigated whether older people's slower reading speed is due to 'strategic' reasons or if it's inevitable. The researchers found that older participants' reading speed didn't decrease when their reading speed was externally increased, suggesting that the age-related slowdown may be necessary for understanding text.
Researchers found that targeted cognitive training improved verbal learning and auditory perception scores in patients with severe schizophrenia. The treatment, which used computerized brain games to target specific neural pathways, was effective regardless of age, clinical symptoms, or medication duration.
Otago researchers found a genetic factor, PLEKHG6, that drives unique aspects of brain development in primates and humans. This discovery could lead to better understanding of brain building and repair strategies.
A recent study by Katherine Stavropoulos, an assistant professor at the University of California - Riverside, has confirmed a neural basis for cute aggression. The research found that the brain's reward system and emotion system are involved in the phenomenon, with participants experiencing higher levels of cute aggression towards cute...
Using deep convolutional neural networks, Yale researchers predicted where people's eyes will look when viewing complex natural scenes. This advance in understanding the human visual system has numerous applications, including improving artificial intelligence efforts such as driverless car development.
Researchers at the University of Oregon used EEG to capture how the brain builds complex sequences from basic elements. The study found that individuals with strong working memory had a clearer record of current chunks, enabling them to reconstruct sequential patterns.
Researchers found that administering Lactobacillus reuteri reversed social deficits in ASD mouse models through the vagus nerve and oxytocin-dopamine reward system. The study suggests a novel approach to treating neurological disorders by modulating specific microbes in the gut.
Researchers at Virginia Tech are leading a national concussion study to examine the impact of gender on injury response, exploring how men's and women's rugby and lacrosse athletes respond differently to head injuries. The $1M grant will support data collection using advanced sensors and imaging techniques.
A new study using functional MRI found that men with online gaming addiction have altered brain activity compared to healthy controls, particularly in the superior frontal gyrus. In contrast, women with IGD did not exhibit these changes. The study suggests a potential link between gender-specific brain function and online gaming disorder.
A Northwestern University study found that youth living in high-crime neighborhoods experience worse cardiometabolic health due to neighborhood violence. However, those with higher brain connectivity in the frontoparietal central executive network display better resilience.
Researchers discovered that small, spherical mitochondria inside brain cells help neurons grow and form proper connections. This unique shape is tied to the neuron's shape and allows for optimal calcium uptake, driving healthy axonal growth and cellular communication.
Researchers at Scripps Research have discovered the physiological mechanism behind memory formation and forgetting in fruit flies. A single dopamine neuron is responsible for driving both learning and forgetting processes, reversing cellular changes made during learning to degrade older memories.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics reveals that most Zika-exposed fetuses have normal brain development, contrary to initial fears. However, severe congenital brain abnormalities were detected in a small percentage of cases, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and research.
A clinical study conducted by Wake Forest School of Medicine shows that Cereset's HIRREM technology significantly reduces symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military personnel. The study also found improvements in brain function and reduced symptoms lasting at least six months.
Researchers have found that electroencephalography (EEG) can identify patients who are cognitively aware but unable to respond due to severe brain injury. The study suggests that EEG may be used as a cost-effective screening tool to help stratify patients and identify those with high levels of cognitive function.
A study published in eNeuro found that percussionists outperformed brass players and color guards in detecting the order of moving stimuli. Musical training was shown to shape cortical areas responsible for synchronizing rhythm and behavior.
Scientists have identified a new DNA recombination process in Alzheimer's disease brains, producing thousands of previously unknown gene variations. The process, requiring an enzyme found in HIV, may hold a key to developing new treatments for the disease.
A new study by NYU neuroscientists found that humans can accurately integrate information over extended periods, contradicting predictions of existing models. The results suggest that the passage of time does not significantly impact decision-making accuracy.
A 20-year study found that men who consumed more fruits and vegetables had better thinking and memory skills. Those who drank daily orange juice were also less likely to develop poor cognitive function, with a 47% lower risk compared to those who drank less than once a month.
Researchers found that imagining a sound can effectively remove negative associations, with brain activity parallels seen in both real and imagined extinction conditions. This study sheds light on the power of imagination as a therapy tool for anxiety disorders.
Researchers develop novel method to realistically simulate dressing tasks using machine learning techniques, incorporating sense of touch to overcome challenges in cloth simulation. The approach enables single dressing sequences and a character controller that can successfully dress under various conditions.
Surjo Soekadar, a renowned neuroscientist, has been appointed Germany's first Professor of Clinical Neurotechnology at Charité. He aims to enhance brain functions such as attention, memory, and emotional control using innovative brain-computer interfaces.
A study found that prions, infectious proteins causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, accumulate in the retina and other parts of the eye. The discovery could lead to new diagnostic tests and treatments for the disease.
A new study from Oregon State University found that older adults' daily stress reactions can impact their brain health. The researchers followed 111 participants aged 65-95 and discovered that those who experienced more negative emotions and reactivity to stressors showed greater cognitive decline.
Research using young mice suggests that a nutrient-rich diet during early-life stress can improve brain development and function. The study found that micronutrients could help mitigate the negative effects of early-life stress on cognition, suggesting potential benefits for children's learning and memory abilities.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience found that mice with a SETD5 mutation have brains less flexible, leading to difficulties in forming new memories and adapting to situations. The researchers also discovered that the gene cooperates with other proteins to regulate gene expression during learning and memory formation.
A live debate at the Society for Endocrinology annual conference explores the roles of gut and brain hormones in regulating appetite and metabolism. Experts argue over whether the gut or brain is more important, with implications for treating obesity and diabetes.
Researchers at University College London have developed a new method to study facial somatosensation in newborns using electroencephalography (EEG). The study found that brain responses to touch on the face are present from birth and can help medical professionals make informed decisions about premature babies' development.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona develop peptide shuttle using scorpion venom to transport drugs across blood-brain barrier, improving efficacy for neurological treatments. The miniCTX3 peptide shows great efficiency in carrying compounds of different nature across the BBB.
Research found that measuring very preterm and full-term babies' head circumference from an early age can identify potential neurocognitive risks later in life. Head growth is a proxy measure of brain volume growth, and slow head growth was linked to lower intelligence scores.
Researchers at Penn State are developing new standardized mobile technologies to gather high-precision data on mental and cognitive function in everyday life. This project aims to provide insights for developing prevention measures and improving quality of life for older adults.
Researchers at Yale University have identified a new fluorescent protein, VARNAM, that allows for live neurons to glow red when activated, making it possible to monitor brain activity in a less invasive way. This breakthrough enables scientists to capture complex brain activity spikes in multiple systems.
A large-scale study analyzing over 600,000 people found that females scored higher on average in empathy, while males scored higher on average in systemizing. The results supported both the empathizing-systemizing and extreme male brain theories of sex differences and autism.
Researchers solved a 125-year-old brain mystery by discovering that perineuronal nets modulate electrical impulses in the brain. Without these structures, inhibitory neurons fire too slowly, leading to seizures. The findings have implications for various forms of acquired epilepsy and may lead to new treatments.
A multidisciplinary team at Salk Institute will investigate mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease and aging-related cognitive decline using cutting-edge methods and machine-learning algorithms. The goal is to identify new targets for therapeutic research and biomarkers of early stage cognitive decline.
Research led by INSEAD marketing professors found that people prefer small incremental goals over maintenance goals, even when there is no gap between the starting point and desired state. The brain's negativity bias plays a significant role in this preference, making modest attainment goals more appealing.
A new study has discovered a mechanism for regulating sleep in fruit flies that involves glial cells and an ingredient commonly found in energy drinks like Red Bull. The researchers found that the gene Eaat2 promotes wakefulness by limiting the length and intensity of sleep periods.
Spikeling, a low-cost DIY kit, simulates how nerve cells in the brain compute information, allowing for hands-on learning of neuroscience. The kit's open design and free availability aim to level the playing field in global science education, making complex concepts accessible to students worldwide.
UTA researcher Weidong Zhou is developing a bioresorbable sensing platform for brain implants that can be absorbed by the body, eliminating the need for surgeries. This device will increase patient comfort during recovery and reduce complications from monitoring devices.