Promoting parasites
Researchers have identified four new species of parasites infecting an invasive freshwater fish in Japan. The discovery sheds light on the role of parasites in natural ecosystems and their potential impact on native species.
Parasites
Articles tagged with Parasites
Malaria parasite evades rapid test detection in children
Researchers found that a gene deletion poses a threat to malaria eradication efforts in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The study revealed that one in every 15 infected children has a false-negative result when using rapid diagnostic tests.
SourceUniversity of North Carolina Health Care·JournalThe Journal of Infectious Diseases·DateNov 17, 2016
Solving the riddle of putrid camel pee could aid millions affected by sleeping sickness
Biochemists from Trinity College Dublin have discovered indolepyruvate, a metabolic by-product of trypanosome activity, which may offer possibilities for developing anti-trypanosome drugs. Inhibiting its production could be key in fighting the parasite, which causes sleeping sickness and kills millions in sub-Saharan Africa.
SourceTrinity College Dublin·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 17, 2016
Meet the unsung heroes of dung! Beetles found to reduce survival of livestock parasites
Scientists found that dung beetles can reduce the survival of parasites in cowpats, which cause serious illness in cattle. The study suggested that dung beetle activity helps ventilate cow pats, creating conditions for parasite egg hatching.
Leishmaniasis infection on the rise in US ecotourists, soldiers
The parasite is transmitted by sand fly bites, causing cutaneous, mucosal, or visceral leishmaniasis. Timely diagnosis and treatment with oral miltefosine, heat treatment for CL, and FDA-approved medications are vital to manage the disease.
Drug resistance mutations also enhance growth in malaria parasite
Researchers found that some mutations enabling chloroquine resistance in malaria parasites also enhance their growth rates, contradicting previous findings. These mutations impact metabolic pathways and digestive processes, contributing to multidrug resistance phenotypes.
Lack of plasmodium surface-protein blocks mosquito infection
A study published in Cell Host & Microbe reveals that a Plasmodium surface-protein is essential for the malaria parasite's life cycle in mosquitoes. The discovery provides a new approach to block transmission and offers hope for developing vaccines or drugs to alleviate malaria suffering.
A new method allows to detect the presence in ham of the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis
Scientists from Granada and Valencia universities developed a new molecular method to detect Toxoplasma gondii in ham, finding the parasite's prevalence varied between 0% and 32.35%, with some samples being infective. The study suggests freezing ham before curing can eliminate the parasite faster.
Injury triggers stem cell growth in the parasite that causes schistosomiasis
A recent study found that injury in schistosome parasites triggers stem cell growth, which restores aging tissue and aids the parasite's long-term survival. This discovery could lead to new ways to target these worms and improve our understanding of their infection mechanisms.
Two genetic markers that predict malaria treatment failure found
Scientists have identified two genetic markers associated with piperaquine resistance in malaria parasites, allowing for early detection and alternative treatment options. The markers are linked to increased production of plasmepsin enzymes, which the parasite uses to digest human blood.
SourceNIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases·JournalThe Lancet Infectious Diseases·DateNov 3, 2016
Genetic marker found for resistance to malaria treatment in Cambodia
Scientists discovered genetic markers linked with piperaquine resistance in Plasmodium parasites, allowing health officials to monitor the spread of resistance and guide treatment decisions. The emergence of piperaquine resistance in Cambodia threatens global efforts to eliminate malaria.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases: Scientists identify genetic markers of resistance to frontline malaria drug that could help control outbreaks
Researchers have identified genetic markers associated with resistance to the antimalarial drug piperaquine, which could help track and contain outbreaks in Southeast Asia. The findings suggest that amplification of plasmepsin genes is linked to piperaquine resistance and may be used to identify patients at risk of treatment failure.
Mystery of tropical human parasite swimming solved by Stanford researchers
Schistosomiasis larvae employ a unique T-swimming style when moving against gravity, which helps them reach the water's surface. By understanding this biophysics, researchers hope to thwart infection and prevent re-infestation.
'Mean girl' meerkats can make twice as much testosterone as males
Female meerkats can produce up to twice as much testosterone as males, which may lead to a trade-off in their immune system, making them more prone to infections. Dominant females tend to live longer and give birth to more litters than subordinate females.
Environmentally friendly invention may save soybean industry millions of dollars per year
Researchers at Kansas State University have designed a soybean variety that protects against nematode parasites, which are the No. 1 soybean disease in the nation. The new variety could potentially save the soybean industry millions of dollars per year by controlling nematodes and their reproduction cycles.
CNIC researchers identify a mechanism through which the Leishmania parasite sabotages the immune response
Researchers at CNIC have identified a mechanism that allows the Leishmania parasite to evade the immune system by binding to receptor Mincle on dendritic cells. The study found that the parasite's Mincle ligand weakens immune response, allowing it to replicate and be transmitted.
SourceCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P.)·JournalImmunity·DateOct 11, 2016
Genome-wide Toxoplasma screen reveals mechanisms of parasitic infections
A genome-wide CRISPR screen in Toxoplasma identifies essential apicomplexan genes contributing to parasite fitness during human cell infection. The study also reveals a protein called claudin-like apicomplexan microneme protein (CLAMP) with a strong effect on the parasite's invasion of host cells.
Bird bugs shed new light on malaria infection
Researchers found that bird habitat and parasite interactions significantly impact malaria infection risk, with co-infections occurring in 36% of infected birds. The study advances understanding of parasitic disease in both humans and wildlife.
Key substance for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis identified
Researchers have identified interleukin-17A (IL-17A) as a crucial cytokine in the immune response against visceral leishmaniasis. Stimulating IL-17A production can help reduce parasite load and prevent organ lesions, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalInfection and Immunity·DateAug 24, 2016
NIH explores connection between Ebola survival and co-infection with malaria parasites
A study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that people infected with Ebola virus were 20% more likely to survive if they were co-infected with malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites. The survival difference was evident even after controlling for Ebola viral load and age.
SourceNIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases·JournalClinical Infectious Diseases·DateAug 16, 2016
New drugs hope to fight neglected tropical diseases
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding the parasites that cause Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and human African trypanosomiasis, three neglected diseases affecting 20 million people worldwide. A new chemical has been developed to kill these parasites, offering hope for effective treatments.
A single compound could treat 3 parasitic diseases
Scientists have identified a single compound that can kill parasites responsible for three neglected diseases: Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness. The new study suggests a single class of drugs could be used to treat all three diseases.
Green and sweet: How plant sugars influence malaria transmission
A study found that plant sugars affect mosquito susceptibility to malaria parasites, with certain plants increasing transmission rates. The researchers used an epidemiological model to predict the relative contribution of different plants to malaria transmission dynamics.
Parasite proteins prompt immune system to fight off ovarian tumors in mice
Researchers identified specific parasite proteins that trigger an antitumor immune response in mice with ovarian tumors. The discovery could lead to the development of new therapies using Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that has been shown to cure mice of solid tumors.
Fluorescent trypanosomes reveal invasion of skin and beyond following tsetse fly bites
Researchers discovered that metacyclic trypanosomes are highly infectious and can colonize the skin of mice, leading to systemic infection. A subpopulation of parasites stays in the skin for at least 7 days, multiplying and interacting with local fat cells and collagen fibers.
'Perfect storm' brought sea louse epidemic to BC salmon: University of Toronto study
A University of Toronto study found that high ocean temperatures and uncoordinated treatment likely led to an outbreak of sea lice in BC salmon farms. The study revealed that the spread of sea lice to migrating juvenile wild salmon resulted in the highest numbers of sea lice observed on wild salmon in a decade.
SourceUniversity of Toronto·JournalCanadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences·DateJul 20, 2016
Malaria: A genetically attenuated parasite induces an immune response
Researchers at Institut Pasteur have created a live, genetically attenuated vaccine for Plasmodium that triggers a potent immune response and provides long-term protection against malaria. The vaccine uses a mutated gene that boosts the production of an IL-6 cytokine, resulting in a strong cellular and humoral response.
International team describes step-by-step progress in battling toxoplasmosis
Researchers from 14 institutions describe three significant steps forward in combating toxoplasmosis, including the discovery of critical molecular targets for new medicines and compounds effective against malaria. The findings offer renewed hope for the development of curative treatments for those with toxoplasmosis.
Discovery of mechanisms triggering excess antibody production during chronic infection
A team of researchers has identified the mechanisms behind excessive antibody production in chronic infections, discovering a link between B-cell activation and type 1 interferons. Proteins like endosomal TLRs trigger proinflammatory responses, leading to increased B-cell antibody production and potentially exacerbating conditions.
Ecological context of mosquito-borne infectious disease
Research at the ESA Annual Meeting highlights the complex relationships between mosquitoes and their environments. Mosquito life cycles are connected to temperature and humidity, but warming climates may not always increase disease transmission. A study found that invasive mosquito species can even help break the spread of parasites.
A new wave of antimalarial drugs in preparation
Researchers have identified potential new antimalarial drugs targeting the parasite's heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a key player in its survival and resistance to treatments. The study uses innovative modelling technology to isolate compounds that can destroy the pathogen without affecting human cells.
Malaria study shows how multiple infections make disease worse
Research in mice shows that one type of malaria parasite helps another thrive by exploiting resources, leading to worse health risks. The finding explains why co-infections with two types of malaria parasites often have more severe outcomes than single infections.
Scamming Nemo: How cleaning fish are the 'con-men' of the coral reef
Research reveals that cleaner wrasse use 'tactical deception' to lure in clients and cheat them by biting off mucus, a behavior similar to human scams. The study also found that cleaners adjust their cheating behavior based on competition and stress levels.
Monitoring malaria parasite reveals evolving drug resistance and infection history
A study on Plasmodium vivax reveals rapid evolution of drug resistance in response to widely-used antimalarial drugs. The genomic data sets will guide effective malaria control and elimination strategies, supporting local public health efforts.
Researchers uncover global, evolving, and historic make-up of malaria species
A team of scientists has sequenced approximately 200 DNA samples of Plasmodium vivax collected from patients in 11 countries, revealing its genetic diversity and evolution. The study suggests that P. vivax is adapting to regional differences and anti-malarial drugs, making it challenging to eliminate globally.
Genome technology boosts malaria control efforts
Researchers have performed the first large-scale genomic analysis of P. vivax malaria infections, revealing patterns of variation that result from ancient events and recent selection. The study provides valuable information on parasite diversity within individuals and globally, which is essential for understanding how malaria is transm...
Gene sequences reveal global variations in malaria parasites
A global study has identified four genetically distinct populations of Plasmodium vivax, the parasite responsible for debilitating forms of malaria. The findings provide insights into the movement and adaptation of P. vivax over time, suggesting regional variations in mosquito transmission and human infection.
SourceNIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases·JournalNature Genetics·DateJun 27, 2016
Stealth nanocapsules kill Chagas parasites in mouse models
Researchers developed stealth nanocapsules that cure more than half of infected mice with Chagas disease, outperforming conventional nanocapsules. The new delivery system is simple to produce and can be taken orally, making it a practical solution for treating the disease in less developed countries.
SourceAmerican Society for Microbiology·JournalAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·DateJun 20, 2016
Clemson scientist receives $424,000 grant to study parasite that infects tens of millions
Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic infection causing 50 million cases of amoebic dysentery each year and killing 50,000-100,000. Researchers aim to accelerate understanding of the parasite's metabolism by studying unusual enzymes that enable its survival.
Filarial nematodes taking a fancy to Austria
Austrian researchers found that nematode species previously limited to Southern Europe have spread to the country, infecting dogs and potentially affecting people. Monitoring of mosquitoes and wild animals is crucial to slow the spread of parasites.
SourceUniversity of Veterinary Medicine -- Vienna·JournalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases·DateJun 10, 2016
Sexual transmission of Ebola likely to impact course of outbreaks
New research suggests that sexual transmission of Ebola could have a major impact on the dynamics of the disease. The study found that even small and short outbreaks with sexual transmission were larger and longer-lasting than those without it.
New compound shows promise against malaria
Researchers discover potent activity of oxaboroles against malaria parasites, highlighting a promising new class of antimalarial drugs. The compounds target the LeuRS enzyme, which is essential for protein synthesis, making them a potential cure for malaria with minimal resistance risk.
SourceAmerican Society for Microbiology·JournalAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·DateJun 6, 2016
Scientists need your help to spot ladybirds
Researchers are seeking volunteers to help investigate the impact of harlequin ladybirds on UK insects, including a wasp parasite. By spotting seven-spot ladybirds in gardens and parks, participants can help track the lifecycle of the wasp and its effects on native species.
New malaria drugs kill by promoting premature parasite division
Researchers discovered that new malaria drugs promote premature parasite division by increasing sodium ion concentration, altering membrane composition and killing the parasite. The study found that these changes occur without replicating the parasite's genome, indicating a potential new mechanism of action for antimalarial drugs.
Researchers make a key discovery in how malaria evades the immune system
A recent study by Penn State researchers has revealed how the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum exploits the human immune response to infect red blood cells. The parasite uses the complement system, a key part of the immune response, to evade detection and invasion, making it more challenging to develop an effective vaccine.
Strategies for dealing with the cuckoo mafia
Researchers found that host birds only tolerate brood parasite eggs when threatened with retaliation by the parasitic birds. This 'mafia hypothesis' explains why some hosts accept parasitic eggs despite the risk of losing their own young.
Investigational malaria vaccine protects healthy US adults for more than one year
A new investigational malaria vaccine has been shown to protect healthy US adults for more than one year. The PfSPZ vaccine demonstrates sterile protection in individuals with no prior infection, paving the way for potential use against future malaria outbreaks.
SourceNIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases·JournalNature Medicine·DateMay 9, 2016
Trauma in a bee
Entomologists have described a traumatic insemination process in which male twisted-winged parasites inject semen directly into the female's body cavity. The fertilization process is unusually prolonged, lasting up to 30 minutes, and is likely used to reduce sperm competition.
Reducing infectious malaria parasites in donated blood could help prevent transmission
Researchers developed a technique to reduce infectious malaria parasites in whole blood, significantly reducing the risk of transmission through blood transfusion. The Mirasol pathogen reduction technology system has shown promising results in treating whole blood using ultraviolet light energy and riboflavin.
The Lancet: Blood transfusions in high risk malaria zones could be made safer with new blood treatment technology
A new trial suggests treating donated blood with UV radiation and vitamin B2 reduces malaria parasite levels, minimizing transmission risk. The technology shows promise for improving safety in sub-Saharan Africa's blood transfusion industry.
Bird genomes contain 'fossils' of parasites that now infect humans
A new type of transposable element was discovered in certain bird genomes, which also occurred in nematode worms that are human parasites. The finding reveals that these modern human parasite species were birds from 25-17 million years ago.
Discovery of enzyme in the sleeping sickness parasite streamlines drug development
Researchers at Umea University have discovered an enzyme in the sleeping sickness parasite that can cleave and disarm adenosine analogue pharmaceuticals. This breakthrough enables the development of more efficient drugs, bypassing the parasite's protective mechanism.
Antimalarial resistance to drug not passed on to future generations
A new study found that parasites resistant to atovaqueone cannot pass this resistance on to their offspring, due to developmental defects and impaired reproduction. The research suggests that these mutations severely impair the parasite's lifecycle in mosquito hosts, preventing transmission.
The Red Queen rules
A study by University of Iowa researchers found that female New Zealand freshwater snails that reproduce sexually are more resilient to parasitic worms than females that produce offspring asexually. The team tested the hypothesis in Lake Grasmere, finding that male snails were present even in areas with low parasite activity.
New hope for malaria treatment as drug resistance found unable to spread for the first time
A new study reveals that a genetic mutation protecting malaria parasites against a key anti-malarial drug eventually kills them by stopping energy production. This discovery could improve malaria treatment and prevent mass drug resistance from spreading.
New hybrid drug plugs the hole in malaria drug resistance
A new hybrid drug combines parts of chloroquine and a chemoreversal agent to counteract malaria resistance. The dual-acting mechanism kills the parasite by concentrating the drug in its stomach.
SourceNational University of Singapore·JournalAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·DateApr 11, 2016
Common pesticides kill amphibian parasites, study finds
A recent study found that six commonly used insecticides kill amphibian parasites, potentially decreasing the number of parasites an amphibian must defend against. The study also showed population-specific differences in pesticide resistance, highlighting the importance of considering multiple populations when assessing toxicity.
Potential pathway for emergence of zoonotic malaria identified
A new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health identifies a sugar variant on the surface of human red blood cells that limits the ability of P. knowlesi to invade. The parasite has been shown to evolve and overcome this barrier, potentially leading to enhanced transmission between humans.
To keep or not to keep a hookworm
Researchers at UC Riverside have identified an immune protein called RELMalpha that protects the body from damage caused by hookworm infections. The protein is found in mice and is expected to function similarly in humans.
Field Museum study reveals evolution of malaria
A Field Museum study identifies malaria's evolutionary history in bird hosts, revealing its spread to bats and other mammals. The analysis sheds light on the connection between animals and their parasites, providing insights into the natural environments we share with animals and plants.