Articles tagged with Metabolism
A large study found that children who experienced adversity, including serious family illness or death, poverty, neglect, or dysfunctional relationships, are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in early adulthood. The study, published in the European Heart Journal, followed nearly 1.3 million children and found a 60%...
A study by Okayama University researchers found that neuromedin U (NMU) is involved in metabolic processes but its 'anti-hunger' function may not be crucial for rats. Unlike mice, NMU expression is restricted in the rat brain and does not suppress feeding behavior.
A large-scale Australian study found that highly processed and refined foods are the primary contributor to rising obesity rates. The 'Protein Leverage Hypothesis' suggests that people overeat fats and carbohydrates due to their strong appetite for protein, leading to an increased risk of chronic disease.
A study published in Science Advances reveals that physical exercise triggers a neuromuscular circuit that links the production of interleukin-6 to muscle fat breakdown. This circuit is crucial for weight loss and has significant implications for obesity treatment.
Researchers found that short bursts of activity after meals can improve the body's ability to use amino acids from food to build muscle proteins. Breaking up prolonged sedentary periods with brief activity 'snacks' may help maintain muscle mass and quality, according to a University of Toronto study.
A team of researchers has identified specific neurons in the amygdala that drive mice to eat fatty or sugary foods, even when not hungry. Switching off these neurons reduced overeating and protected against obesity, while also boosting physical activity and improving metabolic health.
Research at Northwestern University finds that eating during the daytime is ideal for dissipating energy as heat, while nighttime eating disrupts this process. This study's findings have broad implications for dieting, sleep loss, and patient nutrition, particularly in cases of Type II Diabetes.
A recent study by Zhenzhen Zhao and colleagues found that Arabidopsis plants lacking Acyl Carrier Protein 1 (ACP1) are more resistant to bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. ACP1 is essential for maintaining hormone homeostasis, which affects plant stress responses.
Researchers discovered that dormant bacterial spores can evaluate their environment without waking up, using stored electrochemical energy to determine favorable conditions. They found that spores release their energy to perform a computation about their surroundings, similar to how neurons operate in the brain.
A new study suggests that a two-carbon compound, acetyl phosphate, played a crucial role in the evolution of metabolism before the advent of cells. The researchers propose a mechanistic explanation for how AcP's unique interactions with ADP and iron ions led to the emergence of ATP as the universal energy carrier.
A study from UniSA researchers found associations between metabolic profiles and adverse brain findings, including lower hippocampal and grey matter volumes. People with metabolic profiles linked to obesity were more likely to have higher accumulation of iron in the brain.
A new study reveals that European moles reduce their brains by 11% in winter and regrow them by 4% in summer to conserve energy. This phenomenon, known as Dehnel's phenomenon, is driven by cold conditions rather than food shortage alone.
A new study published in Cell Metabolism found that eating a larger meal in the morning does not impact energy metabolism but may help with appetite control and satiety. Healthy subjects who followed a morning-loaded diet reported feeling less hungry later in the day.
Scientists at UC San Diego have illuminated the role of key neurons that alter function in response to seasonal changes in light exposure. The study found that neurons change expression of neurotransmitters in response to day length stimuli, triggering behavioral changes.
A prospective cohort study found that drinking two or more cups of black tea per day is associated with a moderately lower mortality risk. The findings suggest that tea can be part of a healthy diet.
Researchers have combined tesaglitazar and GLP-1 in a new hormone combination for type 2 diabetes treatment, improving glucose metabolism with minimal doses. The new drug has shown promise in animal studies, reducing kidney damage and increasing insulin sensitivity.
Research in rats found that an enriched environment leads to better maternal behavior and higher-quality breastmilk. Mothers in enriching environments had more efficient parenting, resulting in larger offspring with increased body weights and improved social behavior.
Researchers found that adults with low blood urate levels are more likely to have low skeletal muscle mass and strength. This association is also linked to a higher risk of early death, particularly due to weight loss and adverse body composition.
A new study suggests that exercise training is crucial for individuals with diet-resistant obesity, improving skeletal muscle metabolism and enhancing weight loss capacity. The research challenges the one-size-fits-all approach to treating obesity and has the potential to help reshape the science of weight-loss programs.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine found that disrupting circadian clocks leads to increased fat cell growth and insulin production. Stress and other factors can throw the body's 'clocks' out of rhythm, contributing to weight gain.
Researchers from Keck School of Medicine found a strong association between PFOS exposure and liver cancer risk, with the strongest link seen in the top 10% of PFOS exposure. The study suggests that PFOS may disrupt normal liver function, leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and increased risk of liver cancer.
A study found that cold temperatures activate brown adipose tissue that competes with tumors for glucose, inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging survival. Researchers suggest that cold therapy could be a promising approach to cancer therapy.
Engineers yeast Ogataea polymorpha for efficient productions of free fatty acids from sole methanol, achieving high levels of FFA accumulation. The research uncovers mechanisms of methanol toxicity during bio-productions and develops a sustainable route for fatty acid production.
Researchers used C. elegans to investigate inter-individual variation in metabolism and found genetic variants that affect metabolic differences between individuals. They discovered unique metabolites in different strains of the worm, which could help tailor biomedical recommendations to individual metabolism.
Researchers at UNIGE have found that the S100A9 protein can significantly improve insulin metabolism in diabetic patients, reducing the risk of severe side effects associated with insulin therapy. The protein's anti-inflammatory effect may also help to normalize ketone production and prevent life-threatening conditions.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers found that adults with abnormal heart metabolism are up to three times more likely to experience life-threatening arrhythmias. The study used MRI techniques to detect abnormal ATP levels and predict future sudden cardiac death.
A long-term high-fat diet has been shown to cause significant weight gain and metabolic disorders in mice, leading to anxiety, depression, and worsening Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests a clear link between chronic obesity and diabetes with cognitive decline.
A recent study published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences reports the successful testing of Pep19, a synthetic peptide with anti-obesity action. The molecule was found to mitigate weight gain while reducing insulin resistance and liver fattiness in mice fed a high-fat diet.
Liu's three-year grant will pursue protein-derived cofactor studies to improve understanding of amino acids and their role in metabolism. The research aims to gain a quicker and more thorough understanding of amino acid function and purpose.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet has identified a key mechanism behind treatment resistance in a deadly form of kidney cancer. By increasing mitochondrial content in cancer cells, researchers found that these cells became susceptible to the cancer drug sorafenib. This breakthrough offers hope for more targeted cancer treatments.
Researchers have discovered the process of incorporating selenium into 25 specialized proteins, essential for various cellular and metabolic processes. The study provides critical insights into the workings of these vital mechanisms, which could lead to the development of new medical therapies.
A global team led by Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey has secured $25 million to study cachexia, a debilitating wasting condition responsible for up to 30% of cancer deaths. The team plans to build a deep understanding of what causes cachexia and develop novel treatments.
A study found that a methionine-deficient diet alters gene expression and DNA methylation in liver cells, increasing the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A methionine-supplemented diet had the opposite effect, reducing the risk of liver damage.
Buck Institute researchers found that dietary restriction can extend lifespan in fruit flies due to changes in their circadian rhythms, particularly in the eye. The study suggests that the eye plays a role in regulating lifespan, which may have implications for human health and aging.
A study published in Frontiers in Nutrition found that malnutrition contributes to sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients, characterized by muscle mass, strength, and function losses. The Nutrition Risk Index (NRI) is a simple and convenient metric developed in Japan, which shows significant relationships between NRI score and sarcopenia,...
A study published in eLife found that high-intensity interval training increases the production of proteins essential for energy metabolism and muscle contractions, as well as alters key metabolic proteins through acetylation. These changes may contribute to improved metabolic health.
Biologists at the University of Rochester have identified two key systems controlling gene expression related to longevity: circadian networks regulating negative lifespan genes and the pluripotency network controlling positive lifespan genes. This research provides new insights into understanding how longevity evolves and may lead to ...
Researchers discovered that a conserved receptor molecule called Tom70 coordinates the balance between protein production and import into mitochondria. This finding ties to increased lifespan and delayed mitochondrial dysfunction when Tom70 levels are elevated. The study provides new insights into aging and age-related diseases.
A new weight-loss intervention has been developed to target the instinctive desire to eat, particularly in individuals who struggle with resisting food cues. The Regulation of Cues program trains individuals to use natural hunger cues, reinforces tolerance of cravings, and inhibits urges to eat palatable foods when not physically hungry.
Researchers at UNIGE discovered that temperature changes trigger organ-specific effects in all tissues, leading to distinct gene expression profiles. The study's web-based application provides access to thousands of gene expression profiles, enabling further research and potential therapeutic applications.
A new study from Pennington Biomedical Research Center found that FGF21 is critical for extending lifespan and improving metabolic health in mice fed a low-protein diet. Without FGF21, mice fail to adapt to the diet and exhibit detrimental effects on health.
Researchers created human mini-kidneys that mimic diabetic kidneys, finding increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and a critical role for the ACE2 receptor. The study provides new insights into the link between diabetes and COVID-19 disease.
Researchers have engineered bacteria to act as data loggers, capturing gene activity and metabolic responses in the gut. This allows for non-invasive monitoring of gut health and dietary status, enabling early diagnosis of malnutrition and inflammatory responses.
Researchers studied cavefish genome-wide map of liver tissue to understand metabolism evolution and its potential applications for humans. The study found striking similarities in metabolic adaptations among cavefish populations, raising questions about universal adaptation mechanisms that could be triggered in other species like humans.
Researchers investigate how enzymes regulate metabolism, weight gain, and liver disease, revealing diet's significant role in obesity and altered lipid profiles. The study also shows that age affects metabolic processes, leading to weight gain, increased fat storage, and unhealthy liver changes.
A new sensor technology allows for real-time monitoring of lactate levels in the brain, providing insights into energy metabolism and potential applications in cancer detection. The sensors corrected for hemodynamic artifacts using MRI-informed corrections enable accurate cell-specific lactate level recordings.
A new study published by The Endocrine Society suggests that exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalates may impair bone health in male teenagers. Researchers analyzed urine and blood samples from over 800 adolescents, finding an association between certain PFAS and phthalates and reduced bone mineral density.
A new study suggests that reducing daily sedentary time by just one hour a day can have significant health benefits in three months. The intervention group showed improvements in blood sugar regulation, insulin sensitivity, and liver health compared to the control group.
A Canadian research team found that pregnant women and their unborn babies are sensitive to environmental contaminants like endocrine disruptors. The study highlighted the role of the placenta in regulating maternal physiology and fetal development, and linked early exposure to certain EDs with breast cancer and prostate cancer risk.
Research finds that bat box design and landscape placement significantly impact the energetic balance of endangered Indiana bats. A study by University of Illinois researchers tested five bat box designs and four landscape placements to determine their effects on bat metabolism, development, and survival.
A study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism found that undertreatment with thyroid hormone replacement can lead to longer hospital stays and higher readmission rates. Patients with high TSH levels before hospitalization had a 49% higher risk of 30-day readmission.
Researchers have identified a new type of programmed cell death, erebosis, that takes place in the intestines of fruit flies, contradicting the long-held theory of apoptosis. The process involves gradual cell death without nuclear membranes, mitochondria, and cytoskeletons, and is thought to play a role in gut metabolism.
A recent study published in Microbiome found that a calorie-reduced diet can alter the gut microbiome, improving metabolism and delaying immune senescence. Researchers used a low-calorie diet to investigate its effects on the gut microbiome and its impact on metabolism and the immune system.
A study published in the American Journal of Cardiology found that measuring intramuscular fat in thigh muscles can predict cardiovascular health outcomes in heart failure patients. Patients with lower intramuscular fat had higher grip strength and were less likely to be hospitalized.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism found that people with type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment have a higher risk of heart attack and stroke. Cognitive function may predict a person's future risk of heart disease, according to researchers.
The ESMO Breast Cancer Congress 2022 event will present more than 200 studies on various aspects of breast cancer, including new treatments and innovative clinical practices. The congress will be held onsite in Berlin, Germany, and online, offering a platform for breast cancer specialists to share knowledge and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers at NTU Singapore's Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine found that saturated fatty acids degrade protein FIT2, leading to insulin-producing cells' loss of function and death. This impairs the body's ability to secrete enough insulin, resulting in diabetes.
Researchers at Institut Pasteur have found that hypothalamic neurons can directly detect variations in bacterial activity, adapting appetite and body temperature accordingly. This discovery could lead to new treatments for diabetes and obesity.
A study from the University of Pittsburgh found that methionine restriction can slow down the growth of difficult-to-treat brain tumors in children, known as diffuse midline gliomas. The researchers discovered that these tumors are uniquely dependent on methionine, an amino acid, and that depleting it can repress cancer cell growth.
Yale scientists have discovered a protein called augmentor-alpha that regulates body weight in mice, offering insights into potential new treatments for metabolic disorders. The protein is found in the hypothalamus region of the brain and plays a role in energy conservation during fasting.