Articles tagged with Metabolism
A study published in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle found that BAM15 improves health outcomes for aged mice with obesity by preventing muscle loss and increasing energy expenditure. The compound helped mice lose fat, gain strength and increase physical activity.
A team from Goethe University has identified the spatial structure of the mannitol-synthesizing enzyme MtlD in Acinetobacter baumannii, which is crucial for its survival. This discovery could lead to the development of customized substances to inhibit the enzyme and combat this hospital pathogen.
Researchers have identified avocado meal as a safe and palatable fiber source for dogs, rivaling industry standards in digestibility and energy intake. The study found that persin levels were undetectable in processed meal, contradicting long-held concerns about avocado toxicity in pets.
Professor René Rizzoli has been recognized for his significant and longstanding contribution to the advancement of osteoporosis research through his work on bone metabolism and mineralization. He is a respected researcher, clinician, and leader in the field of osteoporosis, with a strong focus on prevention and treatment.
The IOF Skeletal Rare Diseases Academy has awarded grants to six young researchers for their outstanding work on rare skeletal disorders. The awards recognize the importance of advancing knowledge and diagnosis for these conditions.
A study found that excessive sugar consumption can promote inflammation and autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease and type 1 diabetes. Researchers identified GLUT3, a glucose transporter, as a key player in this process, and proposed blocking its activity to mitigate inflammatory responses.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that the first-pass metabolism of alcohol occurs in the stomach, not the liver. This finding explains why some patients experience increased sensitivity to alcohol after bariatric surgery, leading to higher risks of alcohol-related disorders.
Researchers at the University of Bergen found that genes linked to extreme obesity, appetite, and energy consumption regulate child growth. The study, published in Nature Metabolism, provides insight into mechanisms controlling appetite and energy metabolism early in life, potentially leading to better treatment for obesity.
Scientists have generated an atlas of cell types in white adipose tissue, identifying novel subpopulations linked to increased risk of metabolic disease. The study provides a comprehensive resource for translational research into human metabolic diseases.
A team of scientists successfully investigated the electronic structure of tautomeric mixtures using inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at BESSY II. They can now experimentally separate the signal of each individual molecule, providing detailed insight into their functionality and chemical properties.
Autophagy is induced when ER-bound ribosomes are stalled, rescuing them from cellular harm. The ERC grant aims to decipher the role of Autophagy in rescuing stalled ER-bound ribosomes.
Intermittent fasting produces mild to moderate weight loss and improves cardiometabolic risk factors, comparable to traditional calorie-restricted diets. The review also dispels myths about intermittent fasting, including the misconception that it leads to weakness and decreased concentration.
A study by Osaka University investigated the relationship between autophagy and metabolism during fasting. Autophagy was found to play a key role in promoting fat loss during fasting, particularly through the upregulation of adipogenic genes. The findings may have important implications for understanding metabolism during aging.
The study found that superlinear scaling occurs in aquatic ecosystems of larger watersheds, releasing carbon back into the atmosphere. Smaller watersheds are less effective at filtering pollutants and mitigating nonpoint source pollution.
Researchers found that yellow-bellied marmot's biological aging stalls during hibernation, with epigenetic changes playing a key role. The study suggests that hibernation may be a natural way to slow aging and promote longevity in other mammals.
A new study published in Menopause reveals that lifestyle interventions targeting metabolic changes are most valuable during perimenopause. The study found unfavorable body composition and metabolic characteristics beginning before the menopause transition, making it an opportune window for intervention.
A study published in Cell Metabolism shows that nicotinamide riboside supplementation significantly increases NAD levels in the human brain and improves Parkinson's disease symptoms, suggesting a potential new treatment approach.
A recent study by ITQB NOVA scientists uncovered the crucial role of a small marker protein, DsrD, in increasing metabolic activity for sulfate respiration. The findings suggest that DsrD acts as an allosteric activator of the DsrAB dissimilatory sulfite reductase, enhancing energy efficiency in microbial metabolism.
A new University of Copenhagen study reveals that well-functioning fat tissue is crucial for overall health and may help prevent diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, and obesity. High levels of lifelong exercise have been shown to improve mitochondrial function in fat cells, reducing oxidative stress and damage.
Researchers have developed an AI-based method to analyze cryo-electron microscopy data, enabling the simultaneous examination of multiple protein complexes in cells. This breakthrough can lead to a better understanding of protein functions and potentially create new treatments for diseases like Alzheimer's and cancer.
Scientists have found a new energy metabolism in lactic acid bacteria that combines features of respiration with fermentation. This hybrid metabolism enables the bacteria to thrive better and faster, potentially improving gut health by manipulating its growth.
Researchers at Lancaster University have identified a genetic change that impacts insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in the brain, which may lead to effective drug treatments for autism. The study found that individuals with a specific DNA deletion are more likely to develop neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism.
A new study found that calorie restriction improves metabolic and immune responses, generating more T cells to fight off infections and improve energy efficiency. This could lead to a potential treatment to reduce age-related inflammation and improve metabolic health.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich have discovered a crucial link between the immune system and metabolic response to fasting. By examining liver cells and immune cells, they found that immune cells can directly influence the effect of fasting on metabolism through a key molecule called the glucocorticoid receptor.
A study of 14 high-risk children found that convalescent plasma provided expected antibody levels without safety concerns. The therapy's effectiveness declined over time, highlighting the need for early administration.
Researchers discovered multiple levels of torpor in hummingbirds, including shallow and deep states, as well as a transition stage between normal sleep and torpor. This flexible control allows hummingbirds to conserve energy while minimizing potential costs, such as increased vulnerability to disease or predation.
Researchers discovered that microbes capable of extracellular electron transfer (EET) are spread through horizontal gene transfer and exist in various environments worldwide. The genes, which enable EET, were found in a wide range of organisms, from deep-sea microbes to human gut bacteria.
A study by Michigan Medicine researchers found that people with diabetes have more macrophages in their fat tissue, particularly the anti-inflammatory CD206+ subtype. This subtype is unique in terms of gene expression and may play a role in the development of diabetes.
Research found that over 55,000 chemicals in everyday plastic products can reprogram precursor cells to become fat cells, leading to increased fat accumulation. The study suggests that previously unknown plastic chemicals may be contributing to overweight and obesity.
The Nutrition for Precision Health study will use data from 10,000 participants to develop algorithms predicting individual responses to food and dietary routines. The goal is to create more personalized nutrition recommendations and reduce health disparities.
Researchers used optical imaging to study the metabolic interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and surrounding non-cancer cells. They found that cancer cells can hijack the metabolic activity of these non-cancer cells to fuel tumor growth. This discovery could lead to new therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports found that chewing food thoroughly increases energy expenditure through diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), which helps prevent obesity. The study involved participants who chewed liquid food for varying durations, revealing that prolonged chewing and tasting increased DIT, gas exchange, pro...
Researchers at Salk Institute have discovered a new molecular pathway that controls blood glucose levels independent of insulin, offering new avenues for treating diabetes and metabolic disorders. The hormone FGF1 suppresses lipolysis and regulates glucose production in the liver.
Researchers found that SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin can improve insulin sensitivity in the brain, leading to better glucose control and reduced liver fat content. This breakthrough discovery positions SGLT2 inhibitors as a potential treatment for insulin resistance in the brain.
A study in mice suggests that transplanted brown fat can reduce type 2 diabetes risk factors after a heart attack by dampening gene activation linked to negative effects. The transplantation method could help researchers understand the mechanisms behind this protective effect and potentially lead to therapeutic applications.
Researchers found that flavanols activate brown adipose tissue, causing it to burn calories and produce heat. Long-term consumption of flavanols increased the levels of heat-related proteins in mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic effect against obesity-related diseases.
New research suggests that cannabis use can lead to harmful drug-drug interactions by interfering with two families of enzymes that metabolize a wide range of drugs. This could result in unintended side effects such as toxicity or accidental overdose, particularly for older individuals using medications.
A bile acid derivative, TUDCA, reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure in mice with an Alzheimer's-like disorder. The treatment improved quality of life by mitigating metabolic abnormalities associated with the disease.
Researchers at University of California - Riverside are studying the keto and intermittent fasting diets on a molecular level, finding that women may metabolize fat differently than men. The study aims to understand why keto diet may not be effective for women and how it affects their overall health.
Researchers discovered that wound macrophages undergo different metabolic programs to coordinate tissue repair, including the use of reactive oxygen radicals for blood vessel growth. Macrophages also utilize a different type of mitochondrial exchange for anti-inflammatory and reparative functions in late-stage wound healing.
Researchers discovered that blood stem cells use high-energy fatty acids from the body's fat stores to power up their response to infection. This finding could lead to new approaches in treating bacterial infections, particularly in vulnerable and older individuals.
Researchers developed an AI-powered system to model disease progression in patients as they age. The model assesses metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers to calculate health status and disease risks across a patient's lifespan.
A study by the Technical University of Munich discovered that pungent substances from chili, ginger, and pepper are transferred to breast milk after consumption. These substances can be detectable in breast milk for several hours, with maximum concentrations being 70- to 350-fold below the taste perception threshold of an adult.
The Zinc Status Index is a new evaluation method developed by Cornell food scientists that uses biomarkers to calculate the physiological status of a subject. It aims to provide a comprehensive assessment tool for zinc deficiency, which affects over 1 billion people worldwide.
Researchers discovered that ants pass proteins through mouth-to-mouth exchanges to share metabolic labor and adapt to colony needs. This discovery sheds light on how ants divide tasks between individuals and the colony's life cycle.
A new review in the Journal of Dairy Science explores the relationship between serotonin and calcium metabolism in dairy cows, highlighting its importance in maintaining calcium balance. Research shows that mammary serotonin drives hormone production that modulates mammary calcium transport.
A study found that D-glyceric acid treatment improved metabolism, blood parameters, and reduced low-grade inflammation in healthy volunteers aged 50-60 years. The compound's activation of mitochondrial metabolism may help interrupt the spiral of persistent systemic inflammation and improve liver function.
A study published in Nature Communications identified C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) as a global regulator of metabolism that balances sugar and fat levels in the liver. CtBP2 is crucial for controlling glucose and lipid balance, making it a promising drug target for treating symptoms associated with obesity.
A new canine mutant model mimics human cerebrovascular disease by exhibiting severe arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and stroke. The ApoE knockout dogs show extensive and severe arteriosclerosis plaques and arterial stenosis, consistent with human cerebral arteries and coronary arteries.
A new study from University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers reveals that fasting is essential for mice to derive full benefit from calorie restriction. Fasting alone improves insulin sensitivity and reprograms metabolism, reducing frailty in old age and extending lifespan.
A recent study from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University identified a crucial protein linked to increased appetite and obesity in mice. The researchers found that mice lacking this protein, XRN1, exhibited leptin resistance, leading to insatiable hunger and weight gain.
A clinical trial found that a green Mediterranean diet rich in leafy greens like Mankai and green tea can elevate fasting ghrelin levels, reducing belly fat and improving insulin sensitivity. This approach may also have additional cardiometabolic benefits.
Researchers identified five genes mutated in people with liver disease, affecting insulin sensitivity and fat metabolism. These mutations reduce the liver's ability to respond to dietary sugars and fats.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin have discovered that lactate can influence cells in the lung environment to support immune defenses against infection while limiting collateral damage. Lactate may hold therapeutic potential as a host-directed therapy for diseases like TB and COVID-19, which cause destruction of pulmonary tissue.
Dysfunction in mitochondrial respiration leads to imbalanced extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissue organization in cartilage. Research discovered the respiratory chain plays a key role in maintaining ECM balance.
MUSC researcher Haizhen Wang receives R37 grant to investigate CDK6's role in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a aggressive cancer. The research aims to understand how the immune system can be used to reduce leukemia progression.
Cachexia is characterized by weight loss and muscle tissue shrinkage, driven by the immune system's response to chronic infections and diseases. Researchers from CeMM emphasize the need for more research into cachexia, highlighting the importance of interplay between the immune system and metabolism.
A new Stanford University study suggests that rising oxygen levels may have slowed down ancient ocean extinctions. The research found that oxygen levels beyond 40% of present atmospheric levels expanded viable ocean habitat and reduced extinction rates. This discovery has implications for understanding the fate of ocean creatures in to...
A study published in Cell Metabolism identified a protein called neurturin as crucial for muscle health, improving metabolic rates, motor function and exercise capacity. Mice genetically modified to produce more neurturin had increased resistance to degeneration in neurons associated with ALS.
A new USC study found that artificial sweeteners like sucralose can trick the brain into feeling hungry, leading to increased calorie consumption. This study, one of the largest to-date on artificial sweeteners, suggests that females and people with obesity may be more sensitive to these sweeteners.