Articles tagged with Metabolism
A genetic variation that regulates iron metabolism is associated with enhanced endurance performance in athletes. Those at risk for iron overload performed 8% better than those with a low-risk genotype, cycling 1.3 minutes faster on average.
The UMass Amherst team developed a graphene-based flow sensor that can detect biofluidic flows as low as micrometer per second, enabling minimal changes in blood flow monitoring. The sensor's high sensitivity and stability make it suitable for long-term implantation in small blood vessels.
Researchers at Oregon State University found that even one session of moderate aerobic exercise increases the cells' ability to burn off fuels. Post-exercise, mitochondria burned 12-13% more fat-based fuel and 14-17% more sugar-based fuel.
Researchers have identified a way to reverse high blood sugar and muscle loss by targeting liver metabolism, which is disrupted in people with obesity-related type 2 diabetes. The study found that selectively silencing enzymes breaks down alanine can restore skeletal muscle protein synthesis, leading to improved muscle size and strength.
A new hyperpolarized proton MRI method has been developed by researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and the Helmholtz Institute Mainz. This technique uses parahydrogen to track biochemical processes in real-time, enabling the observation of metabolic processes without the drawbacks of existing hydrogen-based imaging methods.
A hormone called MOTS-c can help maintain healthy muscles in mice on high-fat diets by reducing myostatin levels. The study suggests that boosting mitochondrial function is also key to treating muscle-wasting conditions such as sarcopenia.
A study by MIT researchers has identified a class of metabolic mutations in bacteria that helps them develop resistance to antibiotics. The findings suggest that forcing bacteria to burn more energy could make them more susceptible to antibiotics, and may lead to the development of new drugs to enhance existing antibiotic effectiveness.
Thyroid hormone doesn't operate as a straight-on/off switch but rather shifts the balance between gene activity, revealing a more nuanced mechanism of action. This discovery has significant implications for understanding metabolic diseases and developing targeted therapies.
Researchers found a link between elevated cardiovascular risk and low brain metabolism in middle-aged individuals, with hypertension being the most closely associated factor. Atherosclerosis was also linked to lower brain metabolism, particularly in areas implicated in Alzheimer's disease.
A new study reveals that nearly every cell has its own clock, which controls various aspects of homeostasis and organ function. Disruption of the clock can lead to diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, highlighting the importance of tuning our internal time with the environment.
A new study in mice suggests that exercise improves metabolism by releasing a hormone called MOTS-c, which helps regulate cellular processes and stress responses. The hormone is encoded in cells' mitochondrial genome and promotes healthy metabolism when kept in balance.
Researchers at Sloan Kettering Institute found a new link between Warburg metabolism and PI3 kinase activity, challenging the long-held view that metabolism is secondary to cell signaling. The study suggests targeting metabolism could be an effective way to curb cancer growth.
Researchers led by Olaf Groß will test the effectiveness of their IMMUNOSTIM compounds in boosting cancer treatment and vaccine efficacy. The team aims to develop a new class of immune-activating drugs that can enhance the body's natural defense against infectious diseases.
A recent study by the University of Tsukuba found that drinking two cups of oolong tea a day can increase fat breakdown by about 20% in healthy volunteers. This effect was observed even when participants were asleep, suggesting a potential role for oolong tea in weight management.
Researchers from UOC Faculty of Health Sciences will investigate the impact of intermittent fasting on organ ageing in postmenopausal women. The study aims to validate ageing markers and determine if fasting leads to changes in organ ageing, with potential benefits for women's quality of life.
Scientists discovered SLC25A51 as a key regulator of NAD transport into the mitochondria, a process linked to various physiological and pathological processes. The study opens possibilities for new metabolic therapies against ageing and cancer.
A new model suggests that warm waters may limit the active metabolism of large fishes due to reduced aerobic capacity. The study indicates that oxygen availability constrains metabolic demands in fishes, particularly in larger species.
A study published in Nature Metabolism found that high fat and low carbohydrate diets can completely prevent or even reverse heart failure caused by a metabolic process. The research team discovered that providing a high-fat, low carbohydrate diet can improve cardiac fat metabolism and prevent or reverse cardiac dysfunction.
Researchers found that cold temperatures increase vitamin A levels, stimulating the conversion of white into brown adipose tissue and enhancing fat burning. This 'fat transformation' is a potential approach for novel obesity therapeutics.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism reveals that COVID-19 patients with vertebral fractures are twice as likely to die from the disease. The researchers found a significant association between vertebral fractures and severe disease outcomes, including increased need for ventilators.
A new study by Tokyo Institute of Technology researchers shows that simple environmental reactions can form reactive thioesters similar to those used in modern biology. The reaction uses a thioacid and sulfur-containing thiol compounds, and may have served as a starting point for the evolution of more complex biochemistry.
Scientists at EPFL's LMS have developed a geoelectrochemical system that enhances biocement production and improves soil stabilization for low-permeability clay soils. The method harnesses bacterial metabolism and electric current to produce calcite crystals that durably bond soil particles together.
Researchers found that a series of chemical reactions control a feedback loop that senses energy need and replenishes it by recruiting cellular powerplants to synapses. This mechanism sustains synaptic efficacy in neurons controlling thoughts, feelings, and movements.
A new study from the University of Bath found that drinking coffee after breakfast, but not before, can improve blood glucose control and reduce the risk of conditions like diabetes and heart disease. Researchers discovered that strong black coffee consumed before breakfast substantially increased blood glucose response by around 50%.
Researchers found that rapeseed protein consumption has similar beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and satiety compared to soy protein. Rapeseed protein may also be a valuable alternative to soy due to its availability in the by-products of rapeseed oil production.
Researchers discovered a metabolic adaptation in nerve cells that allows them to counteract degeneration and promote survival. This 'metabolic rewiring' involves the activation of the Krebs cycle anaplerosis pathway, which makes neurons resistant to progressive damage.
Recent research provides state-of-the-art knowledge on phosphate metabolism, shedding light on underlying mechanisms and advances in managing hypo- and hyperphosphatemia. Expert reviews highlight potential new directions for future research to benefit patients with related disorders.
Researchers found persistent DNA methylation changes in blood cells and stem cells associated with metabolic memory and future diabetic complications. The study provides evidence of a link between epigenetics, glycemic history, and complication development, offering potential biomarkers for early intervention and prevention.
Researchers from Trinity College Dublin have discovered a new link between impaired brain energy metabolism and delirium, a disorienting disorder common in the elderly. Collectively, their research suggests that therapies focusing on brain energy metabolism may offer new routes to mitigating delirium.
Emerging evidence suggests COVID-19 may trigger new-onset diabetes in healthy people and exacerbate pre-existing conditions. The Global Registry aims to understand the relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes, informing treatment strategies.
A recent study found that consuming calories later in the day can worsen glucose tolerance and reduce fat burned. The effects were more pronounced in people with obesity or diabetes, who already have compromised metabolism.
Researchers found that T cells increase their metabolism to survive, contradicting previous assumptions about immune function. The study suggests that targeted interventions like vaccines or immunotherapies could boost T cell immunity in the elderly.
Research at Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing reveals that NFYB-1 regulates mitochondrial function through lysosomal prosaposin, a key factor in cellular longevity. The study used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and found that restoring cardiolipins improved worm health.
Researchers have discovered how carboxysomes work and can be accurately measured, leading to potential breakthroughs in renewable fuels production and plant growth. The study also reveals a possible route to developing novel antibiotics targeting bacterial microcompartments.
Researchers found that cool temperatures reduce the appeal of sweetness by activating other sensory cells via protein rhodopsin 6, which is typically associated with light detection. This suppresses communication between sweet-sensing taste neurons and the brain, leading to reduced feeding behavior in fruit flies.
Researchers discovered that microscopic alterations in stem cell niche can predict Crohn's disease recurrence. A therapeutic approach using dichloracetate (DCA) restored intestinal stem cell functionality and maintained the intestinal barrier.
A large-scale study has identified protein network changes that could be developed into treatment targets and fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. The research found that sets of proteins regulating glucose metabolism are strongly associated with Alzheimer's pathology and cognitive impairment.
Researchers found reduced glucose metabolism in the brain stem and primary auditory cortex of patients with asymmetric hearing loss. Long duration of hearing impairment was associated with higher glucose metabolism on the contralateral side.
Scientists at Rutgers University have discovered the protein structures responsible for early life on Earth, including ferredoxin and Rossmann folds. These ancient proteins were crucial for metabolism and chemical signals, paving the way for life to emerge.
A new study introduces Memote, a community-maintained tool to assess and improve metabolic models. It addresses issues such as annotations, conceptual integrity, and experimental validation, promoting openness and collaboration among researchers.
A new Yale study suggests that consuming low-calorie sweeteners with carbohydrates impairs metabolism. The research challenges the 'uncoupling hypothesis' and instead finds that sucralose can cause problematic metabolic responses when paired with carbs.
A new study by Dr. Martina Preiner and colleagues simulates the emergence of life in a lab environment using hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide as starting materials. The team found that these simple chemical reactions can produce the same building blocks used by early cells, providing insight into the origins of life.
The study found improvements in brain metabolism and self-reported cognitive function improvements in patients with multiple sclerosis. N-acetylcysteine administration increased cerebral glucose metabolism and enabled neurons to recover some of their metabolic function.
Regular aerobic exercise training improves brain glucose metabolism and higher-order thinking abilities, including executive function. The study suggests that exercise can potentially enhance brain and cognitive functions that are sensitive to Alzheimer's disease.
A new study by The Endocrine Society reveals that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suffer from poor health and quality of life in their late forties, primarily due to ongoing mental health concerns. Women with PCOS have lower life satisfaction and poorer health compared to those without the condition.
Researchers have developed a new scanning technique using magnetized molecules to monitor breast cancer, detecting differences in tumor size, type, and grade. The scan reveals the 'topography' of tumors, providing detailed information on metabolism and identifying potential treatment options.
A team of Russian scientists found that adding micromolar selenium doses to hydroponic substrate increases the levels of useful biologically active compounds in sweet basil leaves. This concentration is safe for the plant, leading to higher antioxidant levels and enhanced nutritional properties.
Researchers found that xanthohumol and its derivatives can decrease microbiome diversity while reducing inflammation and improving energy metabolism in laboratory animals with high-fat diets. The study suggests that hops compounds may help combat metabolic syndrome by altering bile acid metabolism and changing gut microbiota.
A study published by Professor Henrik Oster suggests that daily stress coupled with a disrupted internal clock increases the risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is because environmental stress can affect food intake, promote weight gain, and have long-lasting effects on stress responses.
Researchers studied mammal vertebral columns and found discrete steps in complexity, linking increased activity levels to evolution. Complex spines evolved in bursts, influencing breathing, metabolism, and movement, shaping modern mammals' traits.
Researchers found that a pathogenic fungus alters the metabolism of its host algae, producing carbolines that benefit the fungus while harming the algae. The study sheds light on the complex interactions between microorganisms and their hosts in oceanic ecosystems.
A new Finnish study published in Nature Metabolism challenges the long-held mitochondrial theory of aging by proposing that compromised nuclear DNA maintenance is responsible for accelerated aging. The study found that Mitutor mice, which harbor a defective polymerase-gamma enzyme, present with pronounced mtDNA mutagenesis and accelera...
Scientists created a human milk fat substitute from seed oil by modifying its metabolism to produce triacylglycerols with a specific fatty acid structure. This innovation could provide a cheap and sustainable source of human milk fat substitute for infant formula.
Researchers have discovered that bar-headed geese are able to fly high for long periods of time by reducing their metabolism in low-oxygen conditions. The study found that six out of seven birds could fly in moderately low-oxygen levels and three were willing to fly in severely low-oxygen conditions.
Researchers challenge widespread misconceptions about nighttime eating and weight gain, finding protein consumption before bed has no effect on belly fat metabolism or whole-body fat burn in active women. Contrary to previous beliefs, a high-protein snack at night can actually have beneficial effects on fat release and metabolism.
A systematic review of over 58,000 participants found that consuming more long-chain omega-3 fats from fish oils had no impact on diabetes diagnosis or glucose metabolism. However, high doses may worsen glucose metabolism in some individuals.
Researchers analyzed 83 randomized controlled trials involving 121,070 people with and without diabetes. They found that increasing long-chain omega-3 fats had little or no effect on likelihood of diabetes diagnosis or glucose metabolism. In contrast, higher doses of long-chain omega-3 may have negative effects on diabetes risk.
Researchers investigated how insects, such as crickets and locusts, respond to different dry feed variants containing cornstarch, protein-rich cowpea leaves and vitamin-enriched carrot powder. The study found immense species-specific differences in metabolism and digestion between the two insect species.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that HIV-infected cells release a viral protein called Nef, impairing cholesterol metabolism and triggering inflammation in uninfected bystander cells. This impairment causes the formation of excessive lipid rafts and triggers inflammation, potentially contributing to various co-morbidities ass...
Research reveals preterm infants with growth failure have altered gut bacteria and delayed metabolic development, which may be treated through individualized interventions. The study's findings offer new insights into predicting and preventing growth failure in premature infants.