Articles tagged with Plants
Researchers identify E. coli O157:H7's mechanism of binding to plant cells using flagella structures, allowing it to anchor and multiply on vegetable surfaces. This understanding aims to reduce the risk of food contamination by targeting bacterial attachment.
Researchers at Carnegie Institution have developed a new method to measure abscisic acid levels in individual plant cells, shedding light on the hormone's role in plant stress responses. This breakthrough tool has the potential to improve crop yields and inform strategies for mitigating the impacts of drought and climate change.
A new study from the University of Warwick found that plant cells send specific signals to developing embryos to direct their growth and development. This discovery opens up possibilities for breeding more robust plant varieties with higher yields.
Data from satellite sensors reveal the Midwest region of the United States boasts more photosynthetic activity than any other spot on Earth, according to NASA and university scientists. The magnitude of fluorescent glow emitted by plants is an excellent indicator of gross productivity.
A new Capsicum annuum pepper germplasm has been released by researchers, providing a rich source of non-pungent capsinoids with antioxidant activity, enhanced adrenal function, and metabolism promotion. The high concentrations of capsaicinoids in the fruit facilitate its potential use in foods, pharmaceuticals, and research.
Scientists at Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft are producing isobutene from sugar using a microbial conversion process. The pilot plant, set to start in 2014, will have the potential to produce up to 100 tons of isobutene per year.
Researchers have developed a new approach to measuring photosynthetic activity using satellite technology, providing direct observations of photosynthesis on a large scale for the first time. The study reveals that previous model-based estimates are too low and provides a tool to assess production in various regions.
A study by researchers from the University of Miami and University of Pittsburgh finds that high deer populations facilitate garlic mustard population explosion while suppressing native trillium plants. Deer exclusion reversed invasive species growth, supporting an ecological theory where native plants exert biotic resistance.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that plant food supplements are widely used in Europe, with Italy and Spain showing the highest diversity of products. In the UK, evening primrose oil was the most commonly used botanical ingredient.
The American Journal of Botany celebrates its centennial anniversary, tracing the journal's founding to socio-politics, personalities, and institutions. The journal has remained at the forefront of botanical research, with F.C. Newcombe playing a crucial role in its establishment.
The study provides a detailed picture of biological events like flower blooming, animal emergence, and leaf fall, showing a more complex pattern than previously thought. Over 39 years, the flowering season expanded by more than a month due to earlier snowmelt and warming climate.
Researchers have identified two new species of desert poppies in California and Arizona, challenging the notion that deserts are devoid of vibrant flowers. The newly described plants belong to the Eschscholzia genus and possess unique characteristics, including vibrant yellow-colored inflorescences.
A study by University of Pittsburgh researcher Susan Kalisz found that high deer densities are the primary reason for garlic mustard's takeover in native plant species, such as trillium. By excluding deer, native plants can repel invaders and increase their populations.
Recent research on serpentine ecosystems sheds light on the mechanisms of adaptation, natural selection, and endemism. Kruckeberg's seminal paper (1951) has influenced subsequent research on local adaptation, evolutionary pathways, and climate-soil relationships.
Research at Umeå University and University of Antwerp found that alien plants successfully penetrate alpine vegetation in subarctic mountain areas. Human transportation on roads and walking tracks facilitates their invasion. Climate warming also contributes to the success of introduced species.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London developed a novel method to quantify plant tolerance to high light intensity. The study found that plants grown without quick responses to high light had reduced capacity to protect themselves from damage.
Researchers developed a compact and inexpensive system to produce smoke solutions for seed germination studies. The new apparatus increases the concentration of smoke compounds and allows for greater control over variables, enabling researchers to distinguish the effects of smoke compounds from other additives.
Researchers found that feeding plant extracts to weanling pigs challenged with PRRS and E. coli reduced the frequency of diarrhea, improved feed efficiency, and altered gut morphology. The study suggests that these extracts may be used to alleviate disease symptoms in pigs.
Researchers found that flurprimidol preplant bulb soaks effectively controlled stem elongation of 'Orange Tiger' tiger lily, making it suitable for retail sales. The study also showed that residual carryover effects of flurprimidol were not significant a year after application.
Researchers at the University of Illinois discovered a method to increase broccoli's anti-cancer properties while prolonging its shelf life. The combined application of methyl jasmonate and 1-methylcyclopropene increased the presence of cancer-fighting agents in broccoli, while reducing ethylene levels that cause decay.
Researchers find new type of P. acnes bacterium adapting to grapevines, with evidence suggesting human origin and loss of DNA repair function. The emergence of P. Zappae around 7,000 years ago is linked to human intensive practices in grape domestication.
An interdisciplinary team proposes a thought-provoking answer to how plants and animals evolved different forms in response to the same mathematical and physical principles. By applying a famous mathematical formula, the team explains decades worth of real-world observations, revealing why plants and animals have similar energy efficie...
The study reveals that enzymes involved in breaking down fatty acids evolved independently in both plants and animals, mirroring each other's development. This finding suggests that both groups faced similar challenges when dealing with ingested fatty acids from plants.
A study found that reducing nitrogen levels and using selected cultivars minimizes environmental impact in greenhouse pepper production. The research demonstrates how the environmental impact of intensive agriculture can be minimized without harming fruit yield or quality.
Three native Mediterranean plant species were found suitable for use in extensive green roof design. Locally produced grape marc compost promoted drought resistance without compromising plant growth. Substrate depth and irrigation frequency had varying effects on the plants' growth, but shallow compost-amended substrate with sparse irr...
Infants prefer fruits from plants over man-made objects after an adult demonstrates edibility. Younger infants also exhibit plant-based bias due to social learning mechanisms.
Researchers reveal how auxins activate developmental genes in plants through specific transcription factors, unlocking key to understanding plant growth and development. The discovery sheds light on the complex mechanisms behind plant hormone regulation.
A team of researchers led by Professor Michael Holdsworth has identified the central mechanism for detecting nitric oxide (NO) in plants, which regulates growth and response to environmental stress. The 'master regulators' control NO detection and have been found to regulate important aspects of plant development.
A study comparing human aging to that of 45 other species found that mortality rates increase with age for some species like humans and birds, while others decline. This challenges the traditional view of aging based on life span alone.
Two Canadian teens, Adamo Young and Kiri Daust, published their research on wasps and leaf disease, revealing an efficient killer of an agricultural pest and a little-known fungus hurting Highbush Cranberries. Their studies help farmers combat the moth pest without pesticides.
Researchers at the University of Otago and Plant & Food Research have identified the genetic mechanism controlling onion bulb formation in response to changing daylight hours. This discovery will help breed new onion cultivars that can thrive in different environments, increasing crop yields and export revenue.
A new study classifies urban residential desert landscapes into nine common types, providing recommendations for planning and integrating lower water-use plants. The research also reveals differences in front and backyard environments, with low-maintenance landscapes prevalent in front yards.
Researchers found that a mixture of blue and red LEDs enhances lettuce growth rate, biomass accumulation, and antioxidant compound production. Red LED alone stimulates biomass but induces abnormal leaf shape and negative effects on antioxidants.
A rainforest microbe, Enterobacter lignolyticus SCF1, breaks down lignin by breathing it, potentially improving biofuel production. The microbe's enzymes degrade 56% of lignin in 48 hours, opening up new possibilities for efficient and sustainable biofuels.
Researchers develop method to transmit plant viruses using whiteflies, providing a means of interfering with plant-contamination and cultivating resistant plants. This technique has been published in JoVE's video format due to its difficulty in describing complex details through traditional text-only journals.
Researchers found that biomass pellets released lower levels of mercury when burned, reducing environmental concerns. The study suggests that switching to biomass pellets could be an effective way to decrease mercury emissions in China.
The supposedly widespread liverwort species was found to be a complex of geographically restricted species, with implications for biogeography studies. The study's results also highlight the importance of accurately identifying plant species, as it can lead to the discovery of new bioactive compounds.
Researchers found that thicker leaves have larger cells in all tissues except vascular tissue, and cell walls are proportionally thicker. The team developed new mathematical equations to predict internal anatomy from leaf thickness, providing insights into leaf function and design.
A unique South African plant, Lithops, has been found to adapt to extreme conditions by optimizing its photosynthesis and water loss. Researchers discovered local differences in surface adaptations and physiological mechanisms that allow the plant to thrive in dry environments.
A comprehensive botanical data set reveals that stable climates and small habitat areas are key factors in the distribution of rare plant species. The study highlights the importance of preserving these regions from human-induced climate changes, which could threaten the survival of many unique species.
The root microbiome plays a vital role in plant functions and ecosystem well-being, influencing genetic structure, health, and interactions with other plants. Microbial organisms associated with plant roots have far-flung global influences, from regulating plant performance to facilitating crop production in harsh climates.
Researchers are studying the effects of urban climates on crop yields to develop new crops adapted to urban gardens and provide recommendations for urban farmers. The benefits of urban agriculture include increased food production, community engagement, and access to healthy fresh produce.
A recent study under realistic field conditions found reassuringly low levels of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in crops grown with treated wastewater for irrigation. Leafy vegetables absorbed the highest amounts of PPCPs, including a medication for epilepsy; triclosan, an anti-bacterial ingredient; and caffeine.
Researchers watched genes move together in response to environmental changes, a discovery that could improve understanding of gene expression and its impact on nature. The technique allows scientists to monitor a gene in whole, living organisms, opening up new avenues for research.
A new study reveals that only 17% of Earth's land needs to be protected to satisfy the Convention on Biological Diversity's goals, but this area must contain 67% of all plant species. Protecting these hotspots could slow biodiversity loss and meet international targets
Researchers at the University of York found that small chemical changes to dietary flavonoids significantly impact the production of inflammatory mediators. The study demonstrates the importance of a molecule's shape in its recognition by immune cells, paving the way for designing new drugs and immunomodulators.
Researchers created ring-shaped complexes of protein and pigments that absorb more sunlight than natural ones. The designs use a combination of synthetic and natural pigments to capture a broader spectrum of light, allowing for efficient energy harvesting.
A fungal-bacterial consortium converts tough plant materials into isobutanol, producing 1.88 grams per liter of fluid, with 62% energy conversion rate. The system reduces capital investment and operating cost, making biofuel production economically viable.
A team of researchers from Dartmouth College has identified a protein called ESB1 that plays a vital role in how plant roots use water and nutrients. This discovery could ultimately boost crop and biofuels production by improving the plants' ability to tolerate stresses such as salinity, drought and flooding.
A Penn State University team wins the US Department of Energy poster competition using only 1000 commonly used words, explaining how energy from sunlight is captured by plants and stored in plant cell walls. The team's creative approach helped them win first prize out of 31 submissions.
A new series of articles in the American Journal of Botany explores how plants respond to climate change, providing insights into plant biology, ecology, and evolution. The studies reveal complex relationships between plants and wide-scale biological changes.
Research found that during extreme heat, plants' ozone absorption is curtailed, leading to increased air pollution and up to 20 days of ozone levels above safety threshold. This can result in thousands of premature deaths, mostly among people with respiratory diseases.
A new study reveals that changing crop species massively alters the content of microbes in the soil, helping plants acquire nutrients and regulate growth. Soil grown with peas was highly enriched for fungi, while oat and pea cultivation shifted the balance towards protozoa and nematode worms.
Researchers have developed a novel protocol for detecting basil downy mildew, enabling early identification and facilitating timely disease control. The method uses Visikol, a proprietary solution that replaces chloral hydrate, allowing for quick detection using a hand magnifying glass.
Researchers at UC Irvine have identified a set of genes in female Heliconius butterflies that allow them to detect toxic chemicals and choose healthy host plants. This unique behavior is vital for the survival of the species, as it ensures their larvae receive the necessary nutrients to thrive.
Researchers have found that increased carbon dioxide levels are causing an 11% increase in foliage cover across parts of the world's arid regions. This 'CO2 fertilization' effect enables plants to extract more carbon from the air or lose less water, leading to changes in leaf cover detected by satellite.
A new study developed a robust model for predicting corn yields using easily obtained measurements, such as plant morphology and precipitation. The model was tested across multiple environments and found accurate results, providing valuable insights for farmers and biofuel industries.
Plants perform accurate arithmetic division to adjust their rate of starch consumption, using internal clocks and molecular signals. This calculation helps them prevent starvation and make efficient use of food, with the goal of boosting crop yield.
A recent genome study identified genetic markers that can lead to higher yielding cocoa plants with better taste. Researchers sequenced the genome of the most commonly cultivated cacao plant and found a gene involved in pod color variation, which can help improve the quality of cocoa beans.
Researchers at TUM discovered that auxin hormone plays a crucial role in plant growth towards light. By understanding the auxin transport mechanism, they were able to prove its involvement in phototropism for the first time. The study highlights the importance of auxin in regulating plant cell elongation and responding to light signals.