Articles tagged with Topology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Jin Hu, a physicist at the University of Arkansas, received a prestigious Early Career Research Program award from the US Department of Energy to advance research into novel topological quantum materials. His five-year award will support studies on crystal growth, characterization and various measurements in high field, low temperature...
Researchers at University of Kent discover new topological superconductor LaPt3P, offering potential breakthrough in quantum computing. The material's exceptional properties make it highly desirable for building quantum computers.
Researchers at UNIST developed mechanically closable nanotrenches to switch optical functionalities in a repeatable manner. These findings enable nonlinear switching of metamaterial multifunctionalities with applications in various fields including 6G communication frequency control.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism in magnetic compounds that couples multiple topological bands, significantly enhancing the effects of quantum phenomena. The coupling leads to an anomalous Hall effect, where spontaneous symmetry breaking causes a transverse acceleration of electron currents.
Researchers at TU Dresden developed a theoretical model that explains how electrons move through three-dimensional materials, even when their electric transport appears two-dimensional. The findings have implications for topological quantum phenomena and could lead to powerful quantum technologies.
A team of physicists from Rice University and colleagues discovered that quantum fluctuations may give rise to topological phases of matter. The study used magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and inelastic neutron scattering measurements to show that the material CeRu4Sn6 is quantum critical without fine-tuning.
Researchers developed a machine learning technique that measures topological traits of cell clusters, accurately categorizing them and inferring cellular behavior. The algorithm uses persistent homology to examine microscope images and identifies persistent topological objects that can be used to classify cells.
Researchers have discovered a high-temperature superconductor in the 2D material W2N3, with a critical temperature of 21 K. This finding has significant implications for the development of nanoscale devices and our understanding of topological properties.
Researchers have successfully demonstrated the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity in graphene, opening a pathway towards graphene-based topological qubits. This breakthrough finding enables the creation of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states, which are crucial for achieving topological superconductivity.
Researchers at Georgia Tech and Brazil's Pontifical Catholic University developed a new framework for designing hierarchical, spatially-varying microstructures with potential applications in cranial reconstruction, space exploration, and biomaterials. This approach combines design and manufacturing to create novel microstructures.
Scientists transform circles into squares by temporarily softening a stiff material using capillary force, allowing for durable and reversible topological changes. The new approach enables applications in information encryption, selective particle trapping, and tunable mechanical properties.
Researchers have realized a synthetic gauge field in a single optomechanical resonator using multimode interaction. This breakthrough enables precise quantum many-body simulation and control over bosons, with potential applications in topological physics.
Researchers have revealed conditions for robust entangled states transport in photonic topological insulators. They identify physical mechanisms and thresholds for maximizing entanglement while preserving topological protection.
A new research study has demonstrated that a magnetic uranium compound can have strong thermoelectric properties, generating up to four times the transverse voltage from heat as previous records. This discovery unlocks a new potential for the actinide elements and points to a fresh direction in research on topological quantum materials.
Researchers at Ames Laboratory observe complex helical magnetic ordering in EuIn2As2, a topological compound that supports exotic electrical conduction. The discovery has significant implications for functional topological properties and may lead to advanced technology applications.
Researchers investigate fundamental aspects of topological semimetals, enabling access to matter's physics and attractive platforms for electronic devices. A new family of semimetals has sparked interest due to their potential to revolutionize technology.
Researchers studying an iron-based high-temperature superconductor discovered that an energy band gap opens at the intersection of two allowed energy bands on the material's surface. This unexpected electronic behavior could lead to breakthroughs in quantum computing and dissipationless electronic devices.
Researchers at Shinshu University have developed an acoustic cloaking structure that can operate in both air and water. The design uses finite element analysis to optimize the material selection and acoustics properties, enabling functionality in a wide frequency band.
Researchers propose using energy loss to induce nonreciprocity, breaking Lorentz reciprocity theorem and time-reversal symmetry. This approach enables unidirectional energy transmission between main resonance modes without requiring gain, nonlinearity or magnetic fields.
Researchers from Rice University and international collaborations discovered a nonmagnetic quantum material exhibiting the Hall effect without an applied magnetic field. The effect is more than 1,000 times larger than expected, revealing the role of topology in strong correlations and potential applications for quantum computation.
Researchers have developed a new method to discover Weyl semimetals with S4 symmetry, allowing for high-throughput screening. The approach uses a novel topological invariant that can be calculated efficiently using the one-dimensional Wilson-loop method.
Researchers at D-Wave and Google achieve a significant computational performance advantage in simulating the topological phenomena behind the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics. The study demonstrates that quantum effects can be harnessed to provide a scaling advantage, increasing with both simulation size and problem hardness.
A new research project aims to control electron flow in semimetals, enabling the development of novel quantum sensors. The TOPREL project will unify theoretical foundations from various physics areas, unleashing the potential of semimetals.
Scientists have discovered a new light-induced switch that twists the crystal lattice, enabling giant electron currents with nearly zero dissipation. This discovery holds promise for spintronics, topological effect transistors, and quantum computing.
Researchers have developed a new method to detect Majorana zero modes in one-dimensional quantum nanowires, overcoming previous detection difficulties. This breakthrough improves device reproducibility and opens the door for scalable quantum computing applications.
Researchers from Far Eastern Federal University used numerical methods and quantum field theory to study the AFV3-109 protein's folding topology. They found that the protein forms an intermediate knot, swells before folding, and has a complex topology that requires collective behavior to form correctly.
Researchers have discovered a new material that exhibits both charge density wave and topological metal properties, featuring Weyl points and immense chiral charges. The discovery reveals an intimate connection between topology and electron correlations, opening up avenues for observing axion electrodynamics in condensed matter systems.
Physicists at LMU Munich identified topological phases in a biological model system, showing a strong degree of polarization in evolutionary dynamics. The study applies solid-state physics concepts to understand the emergence of such effects in biology.
Researchers at Princeton University discovered Weyl nodes in bulk CoS2, enabling predictions about its surface properties. The material hosts Fermi-arc surface states, which may enable exotic phenomena and places it among materials candidates for use in spintronic devices.
Researchers at Aalto University have designed an ultra-thin material that creates elusive Majorana quantum states, which could be key to making topological qubits. The team successfully trapped electrons together in a two-dimensional material, overcoming the challenge of noise tolerance in quantum computing.
Researchers create magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene to explore interacting electrons' surprising phases of matter. They discovered the creation of unexpected and spontaneous topological states, including topological insulators with free-moving edge electrons.
Researchers from the University of Exeter have developed a new theoretical approach to force light to travel through electromagnetic materials without reflection. This discovery could pave the way for more efficient communications and wireless technology.
Scientists at Far Eastern Federal University have developed a method to encode, transmit, and process information using skyrmions. By reducing the size of skyrmions to 10 nm, they aim to achieve high computing power and energy efficiency in future electronics devices.
Researchers have observed ideal type-II Weyl points in classical circuits, which exhibit strongly tilted band structures and linear degenerate points. These findings provide a new platform for studying Weyl physics and topological phenomena.
Scientists at Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science analyzed parent compound NdNiO2 using first-principles calculations and Gutzwiller variational method. They found that electron Fermi pockets are contributed by Ni-3dx2-y2 orbitals and a two-band model can be constructed to reproduce all bands around Fermi level.
Scientists have successfully detected a topological Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) phase in the rare-earth magnet TmMgGaO4 using highly sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The experiment confirms long-held theoretical predictions, marking a significant breakthrough in understanding the behavior of q...
The Politecnico di Milano team successfully synthesized a molecular crystal with a Borromean topology, demonstrating the mechanism of formation and opening new perspectives for complex chemical systems. The findings have potential applications in diamond synthesis, hydrogen storage, ultra-light composites, and drug development.
Researchers discovered a two-layer buckled honeycomb structure of blue phosphorene with extremely stable metallic properties, promising applications in nano- and optoelectronics.
Physicists have developed a new class of designer electrical system, topolectrical circuits, that can emulate complex physical behavior of crystalline solid materials. This innovation uses ubiquitous electrical components to create knots in momentum space, mimicking semimetals.
Researchers develop new method to classify magnetic topological materials, identifying thousands of potential compounds with unique properties. This breakthrough could lead to significant advances in thermoelectric converters, quantum computers, and magnetic storage media.
Scientists discovered a new kind of hidden symmetry in photonic crystals, leading to the emergence of triply degenerate nexus points that behave like magnetic monopoles. These nexus points enable unusual photonic band connectivities and novel transport phenomena, including spin-1 conical dispersion and canonical diffraction.
uOttawa researchers, in collaboration with Israeli scientists, have created optical framed knots that can be used to distribute secret cryptographic keys. These knots provide a platform for topological quantum computations and can be used to encrypt information.
Topological photonics explores discrete states of light, similar to Fock states of electrons. The connection between the Maxwell and Schrodinger equations reveals new topological phases, including a Haldane model for valley Hall effect.
Researchers created tiny magnetization patterns known as skyrmions faster using laser pulses, which can have implications for magnetic data processing and storage. The findings clarified how the topology of the magnetic system changes in this process, contributing to stability but also making creation difficult.
Researchers at Shinshu University developed a topology-optimized thermal cloak-concentrator that can cloak and concentrate heat flux using general materials. The study utilized topology optimization to create an optimized structure that achieved both functions simultaneously.
Researchers have created a new material that induces topological superconductivity in the absence of an applied magnetic field, opening up new possibilities for quantum computing. This breakthrough could lead to better understanding and applications in medicine, catalysts, or materials.
Scientists have proposed a method to classify topological superconducting phases by examining the compatibility between different Majorana zero modes. They found new TSC phases characterized by Zh invariant in C4zT case and Zh Π Zc invariant in C6zT case, which can coexist with helical and chiral MZMs.
A Politecnico di Milano study reveals that DNA shape is determined by precise rules governing CTCF protein sequences. This discovery opens doors to engineering DNA structure for pharmaceuticals, treating diseases like cancer.
Researchers simulated a 3D chiral topological insulator using nitrogen-vacancy centers, observing dynamical bulk-surface correspondence and symmetry protection in momentum space. They measured spin textures on band inversion surfaces, revealing perfect (broken) topology depending on the preserved or broken chiral symmetry.
Researchers trap and control light at the interface of atomically thin nanomaterials, leveraging topological effects to create predictable and controllable photonics. The study demonstrates on-and-off electric switching and dimensional hierarchy of the device's topology.
Researchers at City College of New York create topological magnetic superlattice material that can conduct electrical current without dissipation and lost energy. The discovery has the potential to advance energy-efficient technologies and enable topological superconductivity.
A study finds that exchange and correlation effects significantly impact the electron mobility of Na3Bi, leading to unexpectedly fast conduction electrons. The research uses a scanning-tunnelling microscope technique to map the electronic structure in the material.
Assistant Professor Nirmal Ghimire is working to synthesize and characterize topological materials. He received $48,910 in US Department of Energy funding for this research.
Researchers created a photonic Floquet topological insulator in a periodically driven fractal lattice, exhibiting topological edge states with real-space Chern number 1. The simulations show wavepackets can propagate along the outer and inner edges without penetration or backscattering.
Researchers propose a new method for constructing higher-order topological insulators using ring resonators and synthetic dimensions, enabling dynamic control over system parameters. This approach allows for the creation of high-dimensional topological insulators with exotic properties.
Researchers have observed that palladium gallium (PdGa) reaches the maximum allowed Chern number of four, a fundamental aspect yet to be settled in topological physics. The team also demonstrated control over the sign of the Chern number by manipulating the crystal's handedness during growth.
Researchers developed an on-chip plasmonic spin-Hall nanograting to detect both phase and polarization singularities of incident beams. The structure directionally couples different positions depending on the polarization and topological charge of the beam, enabling rapid detection with high resolution.
A team of scientists demonstrates a low-threshold topological nanolaser in a 2D topological photonic crystal nanocavity, achieving high performance comparable to conventional semiconductor lasers. The design features a second-order corner state that provides robustness against defects and enhances light-matter interaction.
Researchers create genuine time-dependent topological system using ultracold atoms in periodically-driven optical honeycomb lattices, exhibiting unique electronic properties and chiral edge modes. The system's non-trivial topological properties are rooted in the non-trivial winding of its quasienergy spectrum.
A team of researchers successfully applied topology optimization to a fusion reactor component, reducing its weight by 25%, while maintaining its strength. The superconducting coil requires a strong magnetic field and support structure to function, but this structure is extremely heavy, weighing 20 times that of the Large Helical Device.