Articles tagged with Topology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discovered a new topological insulator in Ba2CuSi2O6Cl2, generating attention for energy-efficient information transmission and processing. The study found non-dissipative electron flow on the surface of topological insulators.
The University of Würzburg's ToCoTronics SFB has secured additional funding to continue research on topological materials. The project aims to optimize material quality, generate new interfaces with superconductors and ferromagnets, and explore spin-orbital coupling with Coulomb interaction.
Scientists from the University of Würzburg and Harvard University successfully created quasi-particles called Majorana fermions in a two-dimensional system, paving the way for topological quantum computers. This breakthrough enables more powerful and efficient computing capabilities.
Researchers have established a conclusive link between magnetic skyrmions and the topological Hall effect, enabling the study of their properties. The discovery paves the way for innovative magnetic storage devices.
Scientists at PSI investigate a novel material exhibiting electronic properties never seen before, including Rarita-Schwinger fermions and quadruple topological Fermi arcs. The crystal is a chiral topological semimetal with exotic physical phenomena, such as phase transitions at its surface.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have successfully developed a key constituent of probabilistic computing using magnetic skyrmions. The newly created device can randomly rearrange binary sequences without losing any information, making it suitable for novel computer technology.
Researchers have developed a new device that exhibits topological superconductivity in planar structures, a key step towards scaling up quantum computing. This breakthrough combines semiconductor and superconductor materials to create a robust technology that could aid the development of fault-tolerant quantum computers.
A research group led by Professor PAN Jianwei and LU Chaoyang successfully designed the largest planar code platform at present using photons, demonstrating path-independent property in optical systems. This work provides a platform for simulating braiding operations with linear optics, enabling further exploration of anyonic statistics.
Researchers have discovered that certain classes of chiral crystals can host electrons behaving like slowed down light, with collective behavior mimicking magnetic monopoles. The team found that these crystals can exhibit unique phenomena such as large Fermi arcs and electron spins that collectively behave like magnetic monopoles.
Researchers have found that over a quarter of all materials exhibit topological properties, which could enable faster and more energy-efficient technologies. An online catalog has been created to design new topological materials using elements from the periodic table.
Researchers at UC Riverside and University of Washington have successfully imaged edge conduction in monolayer tungsten ditelluride, a 2D topological insulator. This discovery could lead to the development of more efficient electronic devices by exploiting this unique property.
Researchers from RIKEN discover that surface electromagnetic waves have a purely topological origin, similar to quantum topological states. This finding explains why these waves appear at interfaces where medium parameters change sign, providing new insights for plasmonics, metamaterials, and topological quantum systems.
The TOCHA project aims to develop novel topological photonic/phononic waveguides and heterostructures to enhance information transfer and metrology. It will advance the handling and transport of quantum information with enhanced precision demands.
Researchers from Bar-Ilan University and colleagues discovered Topological Synchronization, a new type of synchronization in chaotic systems. This phenomenon occurs when small areas of one strange attractor have the same structure as another, leading to gradual synchronization.
A team of researchers has created a metamaterial that can transport sound in unusually robust ways along its edges and localize it at its corners. This unique property may improve technologies like sonars and ultrasound devices, making them more resistant to defects.
Researchers at NIMS developed topological LC circuits with a honeycomb pattern that transport electromagnetic waves without backscattering. This discovery enables the miniaturization of high-frequency electromagnetic waveguides for various electronics devices.
Researchers at TU Wien and China's University of Science and Technology have developed a new method to identify topologically interesting quantum states in materials. By manipulating the geometry of atomic arrangements using light waves, they can reveal clear signatures indicating whether such states exist or not.
Researchers have successfully switched a material between two states of matter via application of an electric-field, paving the way for a functioning topological transistor. This breakthrough could enable ultra-low energy electronics to continue growing without being limited by available energy.
Researchers have demonstrated electronic switching in an exotic, ultrathin material at room temperature, reducing energy loss and increasing efficiency for transistors. The breakthrough uses sodium bismuthide (Na3Bi), a 'topological Dirac semimetal' that can be tuned to behave like a conventional or topological material.
A recent study reveals that Fe3Sn2 exhibits nematic electronic state and giant magnetization-driven energy shift, shedding new light on the presence of spin-orbit coupling in kagome lattices. The research also shows that the material can be manipulated to change its electron energy structure through tuning the magnetic field.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a system to manipulate electrons based on their energy and momentum, enabling controlled partitioning of electron flow. This technology could potentially be used to create 'color-coded' roads for electrons, revolutionizing the field of electronics.
Claudia Felser and Bogdan Bernevig receive the prize for their theoretical predictions and experimental realization of non-magnetic topological semi-metals. Their work has potential to give rise to useful devices with novel properties.
Researchers from Skoltech, MIPT and Samara State Technical University improved the evolutionary crystal structure prediction algorithm USPEX, generating initial structures 3 times faster, thanks to a novel random structure generator based on topological types of crystal structures.
Scientists have demonstrated a novel way to protect correlated photon states, opening a path to build robust entangled states for logic gates. This breakthrough uses silicon nanowires to create 'edge modes' that help guide and create these correlated states.
Experimental physicists at the University of Illinois have created a new disorder-induced topological state, previously predicted to occur in electronic materials. The topological Anderson insulator phase was first discovered theoretically in 2009 and its origin was further explained in subsequent works.
Heusler compounds have been found to host non-trivial topological properties, including the discovery of Weyl fermions. The study also reveals the importance of Berry curvature in determining key effects like the anomalous Hall Effect. This research has significant implications for energy conversion and quantum electronic devices.
The DFG has approved a collaborative Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat at TU Dresden and JMU Würzburg, aiming to establish a globally leading centre for quantum materials research. The cluster will focus on understanding, controlling and applying topological states of quantum matter.
TU Dresden has secured funding for three new Clusters of Excellence, including PoL: Physics of Life, ct.qmat: Complexity and Topology in Quantum Materials, and CeTI: Center for Tactile Internet. This achievement confirms the university's continuous development and commitment to cutting-edge research.
Researchers studied knotted steel chains in a viscous fluid, reproducing Kelvin's vortex atoms. The chains formed stable, toroidal structures with intertwined loops that swirled around each other.
Researchers have developed a topological photonic chip to process quantum information, demonstrating high-fidelity quantum interference and paving the way for scalable quantum computers. The breakthrough could lead to new materials, generation computers, and deeper understanding of fundamental science.
Researchers have discovered a quantum state of matter that can be tuned at will, opening possibilities for next-generation nanotechnologies and quantum computing. The discovery allows for the control of an exotic topological quantum magnet at the quantum level.
Researchers have confirmed that bismuth possesses unique topological properties, enabling it to conduct electricity without dissipation. This breakthrough establishes bismuth as a higher-order topological insulator, opening up new possibilities for high-performance electronics and quantum computing.
D-Wave Systems Inc. has successfully demonstrated a topological phase transition using its 2048-qubit annealing quantum computer, simulating a phenomenon behind the 2016 Nobel Prize. This breakthrough could lead to faster materials prototyping at lower costs.
A team of Harvard researchers has created a system to represent and classify band structures in materials, allowing for the prediction of their properties. This breakthrough can aid in designing new materials with specific electronic properties, such as topological insulators, which have potential applications in quantum computing.
Researchers found that antiskyrmions behave differently from skyrmions when electric currents are applied, creating periodic pairs and potentially providing a source of skyrmions. This phenomenon may hold clues to the imbalance between matter and antimatter in the universe.
Researchers have developed a new artificial quantum material that can control internal resistance in multilayered magnetically doped semiconductors, enabling the creation of high-efficiency computers. The material exploits the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect, allowing for faster computation speeds and improved energy efficiency.
Researchers have discovered that nanoribbons can trap individual localized electrons, potentially enabling new quantum materials with unique electronic and magnetic properties. The discovery was made by combining theoretical predictions with experimental synthesis, using topological insulators as a starting point.
Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids discovered a magnetic Weyl semimetal in Co3Sn2S2, exhibiting a giant anomalous Hall effect. The material's unique properties make it an ideal candidate for realizing the quantum anomalous Hall effect at room temperature.
Majorana fermions, which are self-antiparticles, can be detected using current noise in a topological Josephson junction. The study found that the non-equilibrium current noises exhibit peaks at specific frequencies, indicating the presence of these particles. This method provides a direct detection method for Majorana fermions.
A research team from Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania has discovered a new, exotic form of insulating material with a metallic surface. The team used mathematical properties like symmetry to analyze existing chemical compounds and identified a novel topological insulator with a single pair of Dirac cones.
The Center for the Advancement of Topological Semimetals (CATS) will bring together researchers from top institutions to explore the potential impact of topological semimetals in mid-infrared photodetection and spintronics. The center will train young researchers to lead the discovery and development of quantum properties of matter.
Researchers are investigating topological materials for their potential to improve electronic performance and storage capacity. These materials display unusual stability even under extreme conditions.
Herbert Edelsbrunner, a renowned researcher in computational geometry and topology, has been awarded the 2018 Wittgenstein Prize. The prize will support his research, enabling him to establish Austria as a leading center for this field.
A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals between organic molecules and their silicon analogues. This discovery suggests that core electrons play a more significant role than previously thought, particularly in unsaturated compounds.
Researchers at Aalto University have developed an amorphous material exhibiting topological superconductivity, which could lead to the creation of lossless components for quantum computers. This discovery brings the field closer to application and potentially makes fabrication more convenient compared to current methods.
Researchers developed a computational way of analyzing X-ray images of lungs to assess Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and other lung diseases. The new method uses topology, combining CT scans, high-performance computing, and algorithms to identify lung function characteristics.
Researchers from UNIGE and CEA have discovered a novel topological phase transition in BACOVO, governed by two different sets of topological excitations. The team was able to control which set dominated the other, yielding a quantum phase transition.
Researchers at University of Illinois & Tokyo developed innovative 'flip-chip' technique to create layered TI/SC samples. Measurements revealed proximity effect induces superconductivity in both bulk and surface states, with surprising dependence on film thickness and temperature.
Researchers at UCLA have discovered Majorana particles, which are critical building blocks for quantum computers due to their resistance to external interference. The discovery could lead to the development of robust topological quantum computing and potentially improve situational awareness for the US Army.
Researchers have confirmed the existence of the charge Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition, a mirror-like phenomenon to vortex BKT transitions. The discovery builds on earlier work and could lead to breakthroughs in sensors, communication, memory storage, and other technologies.
Herbert Edelsbrunner, a mathematician and computer scientist at IST Austria, has been awarded an ERC Advanced Grant for his work on topological data analysis. He will develop a unified theory of alpha shapes, wrap complexes, and persistent homology to broaden and deepen the existing field.
Physicists have identified a new state of matter in artificial spin ice that exhibits topological ordered phases, previously found only in quantum conditions. The material appears disordered but is actually ordered in a topological form.
Researchers create first kagome metal, an electrically conducting crystal with individual atoms arranged in a repeating triangular pattern. The material exhibits strange, quantum-like behaviors in passing electrons, including bending and creation of nearly massless particles.
Researchers have successfully created a new quantum spin liquid, predicted by Paul W. Anderson in 1987, using a novel method developed at Aalto University. The achievement marks an important step towards understanding superconductors and building topological quantum computers with enhanced computational power.
Researchers created a synthetic crystal for ultracold atoms and emulated key properties of a one-dimensional topological material. The team's findings open up new possibilities for studying non-equilibrium quantum dynamics in exotic systems.
A joint research group has successfully observed topology hidden inside materials using soft X-rays. This achievement enables the direct determination of material topology without relying on surface appearance, which is expected to lead to the discovery of more diverse topological electronic phases.
Researchers from the University of Central Florida and Technion-Israel have developed a nonmagnetic topological insulator laser, improving efficiency, beam quality, and resilience. This breakthrough technology has potential applications in various fields, including science and technology.
Researchers at the University of Chicago discovered a topological wave in a randomly arranged material, defying traditional expectations. The finding offers new insights into collective motion and could have implications for electronics and optics.
The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) has awarded the Euler Book Prize to Matt Parker for his book 'Things to Make and Do in the Fourth Dimension' and the Beckenbach Book Prize to Roland van der Veen and Jan van de Craats for their book 'The Riemann Hypothesis: A Million Dollar Problem',
Researchers from ETH Zurich, USA, Germany, Italy, and Israel create a four-dimensional physical phenomenon in two dimensions using the quantum Hall effect. The team, led by Oded Zilberberg, demonstrates a virtual fourth dimension through topological pumping, enabling the observation of four-dimensional quantum Hall effect characteristics.