Articles tagged with Chemical Analysis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers use metabolomics to analyze chemical compositions of Espeletia plants and confirm hypothesis on their origin and migration routes along the northern Andes. The study suggests that geographic isolation favored allopatric speciation in this plant genus.
Researchers at Brigham Young University have developed a miniaturized mass spectrometer capable of analyzing chemicals with high sensitivity. This portable device has significant implications for applications such as detecting chemical weapons, explosives in airports, and forensic investigations.
Chemical analysis of ancient pottery from Monte Kronio in Sicily reveals the presence of tartaric acid and sodium salt, characteristic of winemaking processes. The discovery provides a new perspective on the economy of ancient Italy, challenging traditional views on wine production.
A Brazilian company's device uses low-field NMR to analyze food products in a few seconds, measuring sugar content, fat content, moisture, tenderness, flavor, and succulence. The technology has been used to analyze beef and palm oil without dehydrating samples.
Dr. Dasgupta is recognized for his work improving public health globally, including a new method for measuring blood in dry blood spot analysis and an implantable shunt flow monitoring system for hydrocephalus patients. He has also made significant contributions to environmental and astrochemical research.
Fine Instrument Technology developed a low-field NMR device, SpecFIT, that performs chemical and physical analyses of fruit, grains, olive oil, milk, and meat. The device uses signal fade duration to measure sugar content, fat content, moisture, tenderness, flavor, and succulence.
Researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory have discovered a new phase change mechanism in monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) that can be used to create highly sensitive chemical vapor sensors. The sensors can detect nerve agents and explosives with high selectivity and sensitivity.
A synthetic sensor array, resembling an artificial tongue, can detect closely related whisky samples as distinct. The device identifies key qualities such as malt status, age, and country of origin, making it a valuable tool for spotting counterfeits.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University develop new equations to conduct XRF analysis with higher accuracy, reducing the need for reference materials and enabling analysis of complex composition samples. The method uses internal standardization and computations to compensate experimental factors and operate in wider ranges.
Researchers from FAU identified substances responsible for smelly toys, including cyclohexanone and isophorone, which may cause physiological concerns. The study aims to further examine the effects of these substances on consumers, manufacturers, and retailers over longer periods.
Researchers found that common odour compounds like cyclohexanone, isophorone and phenol are present in high concentrations in inflatable pool toys. These chemicals have potential health risks, including irritation and carcinogenic effects.
The researchers created a cheminformatics map of the 2,700 dyes in the Max A. Weaver Dye Library, identifying 150 chemically unique dyes representative of the library. These dyes are now publicly available in the ChemSpider database, offering potential solutions for human health and environmental issues.
Researchers at TU Wien have found a way to explain the reasons why oxygen does not always enter fuel cells effectively. By making targeted alterations to the surface of fuel cells on an atomic scale and taking measurements simultaneously, they discovered that strontium atoms cause problems and cobalt can be useful in fuel cells.
Researchers at Australian National University have designed a portable device that uses MRI and mass spectrometry to analyze objects. The device, inspired by science fiction tools like the sonic screwdriver and tricorder, could revolutionize laboratory work and medical research.
Researchers developed hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging, enabling recording of two-dimensional arrays of nano-FTIR spectra in a few hours. This technique allows for nanoscale-resolved chemical and structural information extraction, revealing spatial distribution and spectral anomalies of individual components.
A study by Russian scientists analyzed the hair of petrochemical workers, finding higher levels of As, Hg, Sn, I, and Si in office workers compared to those in other departments. Essential elements like Cr, Fe, and I were found in higher concentrations in primary oil refining employees, while toxic element content was generally lower i...
A novel, sensitive and stable photodetector has been created based on a semiconducting junction called GdNiO3/Nb-doped SrTiO3. The device eliminates the need for an external power source, allowing for efficient separation of photo-generated carriers.
Clint Alfaro has been honored with the Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Best Paper Award for his research on using mass spectrometry to analyze kidney tissue from patients with renal cell carcinoma. The study demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of touch-spray mass spectrometry in identifying cancerous tissue.
A comprehensive analysis found over two dozen toxic highly fluorinated chemicals in fast food packaging, including a phased-out substance. These chemicals have been linked to various health problems, and their persistence in the environment poses long-term risks.
Purnendu Dasgupta, a UTA chemistry professor, received the 2016 Eastern Analytical Symposium's highest award for his broad contributions to analytical chemistry. His research projects have had significant positive impact on human health and disease treatment, including dry blood spot analysis and implantable shunt flow monitoring.
Researchers use informatics to analyze over 39,000 consumer products and identify 30% containing endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The approach complements gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, enabling detection of unlisted chemicals and predicting cumulative exposure
A team of scientists from Michigan Technological University and other institutions has discovered a new mineral, merelaniite, with a complex structure composed of layers of molybdenum disulfide and lead sulfide. The discovery showcases the intricate microscopic beauty of exotic materials, which may have useful applications.
Researchers develop novel technique that combines fluorescent dyes and human skin cells to analyze toxic chemicals. The method provides high accuracy and could reduce the use of laboratory animals in biomedical research.
Researchers discovered that three citrus plants - Citrus reticulata, Swingle citrumelo, and Murcott mandarin - produce essential oils that repel Diaphorina citri, the insect that transmits huanglongbing. These compounds may act as repellents, making the plants less attractive to D. citri for ovipositing purposes.
Researchers have developed a new method to measure the amount of blood in dry blood spots using electrical conductivity, which is accurate within one percent and uses up none of the sample. This technique has the potential to revolutionize dry blood spot analysis for clinical trials and large-scale epidemiology studies.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed a new method to analyze the process of RNA transfer from viruses into human cells. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new drugs that prevent this precise RNA transfer.
Researchers studied three buildings near the sea, analyzing their materials and chemical reactions, to understand deterioration processes. The study developed a new analytical methodology using spectroscopic techniques, providing detailed information about material composition and pathologies.
Researchers at IUPUI have developed a new technique to detect illicit treatment of racing tires with volatile chemicals, finding approximately 15% of tires tested positive for banned substances. The method uses Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), and has the potential to be app...
Case Western Reserve University Professor Ozan Akkus is building a souped-up Raman microscope into FastRAM, which can provide images of materials in seconds to minutes instead of hours. The new device would allow researchers to analyze dynamic processes like chemical reactions as they occur.
The Datink method uses a solvent's evaporation speed to date documents, overcoming issues with ink deposition and paper type. It can determine the age of ink on documents with an approximation margin of about 20%.
A new hybrid optical microscope/mass spectrometry-based imaging system developed at ORNL provides sub-micron resolution for chemical analysis and differentiates between polymers and cells. The technology enhances understanding of material interactions, drug transport, disease progression, and response to treatment.
Researchers discovered that the amount of gas produced in small underground chemical explosions can affect seismic wave patterns, particularly low-frequency P waves. This finding may improve the use of these explosions to study nuclear detonations and detect gas releases in explosion.
A new approach to diagnose pneumonia in critically ill patients has been identified through a breath analysis method. The study found that chemically analyzing breath specimens can reveal bacterial infection in ventilated patients at risk of developing pneumonia, providing a potential game-changer for clinical practice.
Researchers at the University of the Basque Country have developed three capillary electrophoresis-based methods to analyze various compounds in cosmetics, ensuring consumer safety. The methods allow for the simultaneous separation of multiple components and are 'green' techniques that use little organic solvent.
A new analysis of meteorite composition helps scientists work out when the Earth formed its layers, confirming the first crust had formed around 4.5 billion years ago. The team measured hafnium and lutetium in zircon crystals from a rare meteorite, which originated early in the solar system.
New research suggests that Pacific trade winds played a key role in twentieth-century climate variation, coinciding with globally warming temperatures. The study found that weaker winds allowed warming to accelerate, while stronger winds prevented it. This natural process has been linked to the current slowdown in global warming.
Researchers at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis found that bomb-sniffing dogs trained on pseudo-explosives could not reliably detect real explosives and vice versa. The study suggests that the exceptional sensitivity of a dog's nose and its temperament cannot be replicated with pseudo-explosive training.
Researchers have developed a new method using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to distinguish between gutter oil and safe, edible oil. The technique uses principal component analysis and artificial neural networks to detect toxic substances like bacteria and heavy metals.
A new study reveals that prehistoric humans consumed purple nut sedge for at least 7,000 years, demonstrating their understanding of nutritional and medicinal properties. The analysis of dental calculus from ancient human teeth found evidence of cooking, plant processing, and the use of this plant as a food source.
A new study has found that the Western Amazon is contaminated with oil pollutants, posing a significant risk to its unparalleled biological and cultural diversity. The research, published for the first time, reveals high levels of lead, mercury, and cadmium in wastewater samples from 18 sites in 10 Amazon tributaries.
A robotic system enables scientists to analyze the chemical composition of irregularly shaped surfaces, simulating early Earth conditions on meteorites and rocks. This technology has potential applications in biomedical fields like dermatology, allowing researchers to probe lesions with high accuracy.
Researchers found that high sodium concentrations in the soil lead to instability and increased erosion in Tuscany's Crete Senesi badlands. The presence of vegetation helps stabilize the ground, but agricultural use is eroding the landscape, threatening its disappearance in 35-40 years.
The team is determining the long-term fate of chemicals in drinking water distribution systems and the environment. They are also evaluating interactions between MCHM and plastic pipes and epoxy liners, which will help determine long-term remediation measures.
Researchers developed a microscale thermogravimetric analysis technique that can analyze tiny nanoparticle samples, detecting mass changes as small as a nanogram and using samples as little as one microgram. The technique has potential for studying nanomaterials in biology and the environment.
Scientists have identified odor-producing chemicals in earwax that differ between individuals of East Asian origin and Caucasians. The study found a unique chemical signature associated with each ethnic group, suggesting that earwax could be an overlooked source of personal information.
Daniel W. Armstrong, a professor at UT Arlington, will receive the ACS Award in Separations Science and Technology for his development of novel applications with major impacts in the field of separation science and technology. He has also made significant contributions to chromatography, including the development of over 30 different t...
Scientists have developed a tearless onion that shows promise in reducing platelet clumping and inflammation, potentially leading to improved heart health. Preliminary tests also suggest it may aid in weight control.
Researchers developed a new forensic technique to identify textile materials based on surface chemistry, bypassing visual characteristics. The method uses X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with argon-ion cluster beam technology to analyze surface layers, enabling the identification of fabrics and distinguishing treated fibers.
The American Chemical Society has issued guidelines to enhance the safety of research laboratories, emphasizing the importance of hazard identification, evaluation, and mitigation. The report provides five methods for scientists and students to implement immediately, including Chemical Safety Levels and Job Hazards Analysis.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have developed a new method for sourcing obsidian artefacts that takes only 10 seconds, dozens of times faster than current methods. The handheld instrument uses portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and enables archaeologists to identify origins in the field.
Scientists have developed novel methods to identify thousands of molecules formed during hydrogen cyanide reactions in laboratory experiments. These approaches confirm the potential for these techniques in future chemical analyzes, including exploring autocatalytic cycles and understanding life's origins on Earth and other planets.
A new analysis found that people across all social standings accumulate harmful chemicals in their bodies. The study shows strong associations between 18 different chemicals and poverty ratings, with individuals from higher incomes having larger amounts of toxicants like mercury and benzophenone-3.
The study analyzed chemical traces from the first complete Archaeopteryx feather, revealing a patterned plumage. The findings contradict previous assumptions that all feathers were black and provide crucial insights into the evolution of bird feathers.
Researchers have discovered biomolecular archaeological evidence of grape wine and winemaking in southern France, dating back to the 6th-5th century BCE. The findings confirm that ancient Etruscan amphoras introduced wine to the region, leading to the establishment of a native Celtic or Gallic vinicultural industry.
A study analyzing data from an international songwriting challenge revealed that common interests or skills do not cause collaborators to seek each other out. Instead, writers in one genre tend to collaborate with those in a less familiar genre. The researchers also found that work balance is crucial for collaboration success.
Researchers combined video imaging and gas analyzers to track bed bug chemical signals, revealing new insights into behavior and mating habits. The study found distinct increases in chemicals during defense against unwanted mating attempts and individual variations in emissions.
Researchers developed a technique for estimating grape composition and variety using computer imaging, identifying exact color and morphological characteristics. This new method can help vine-growers decide the best moment for picking grapes, while also providing automated quality control and inspection.
Cyanobacteria produce a previously unknown molecule called AEG, which is thought to be the first genetic material. This discovery challenges our understanding of the evolution of life on Earth and has potential applications in gene silencing.
A Wayne State University researcher has developed a new method for analyzing brain chemicals using carbon fiber microelectrodes. The technique, which meets four key criteria of size, speed, selectivity and sensitivity, enables researchers to measure serotonin levels in mice with antidepressants within five minutes.
Researchers developed a new diagnostic tool using atomic force microscope based infrared spectroscopy to characterize polymer nanostructures and identify integrated materials. The technique allows for chemical analysis of polymer lines as small as 100 nm, enabling critically needed metrology for nano-manufacturing.