Articles tagged with Chemical Analysis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have developed an electrochemical analyzer to detect sulfur-rich compounds at deep-sea vents. The sensor may help identify ancient bacteria and unlock important information about vent life.
Applause dynamics studied using physics principles reveal social self-organization and synchronization processes. Researchers found that individual clapping frequencies play a crucial role in achieving synchronization, leading to increased volume and decreased noise intensity.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a technique that combines porous silicon with mass spectrometry to streamline biochemical analyses. The technique, called desorption ionization on silicon (DIOS), allows for the simultaneous testing of large numbers of compounds in a fraction of the time required by current methods.
The Mars Pathfinder mission sent back 2.3 gigabits of new data, including over 17,000 images and 16 chemical analyses of rocks and soil. The mission provided key findings on Mars' geology, magnetic properties, atmosphere, and cartography.
A team of researchers will conduct an exhaustive analysis of rock samples, magnetic characteristics, and isotopic compositions from a depth of 15,000 feet in the Mauna Kea volcano. The project aims to learn more about mantle plumes and their role in producing volcanic eruptions.
For the first time, researchers have analyzed polar stratospheric cloud particles using a developed instrument. The results show water-rich particles with high H2O/nitric acid ratios, challenging previous assumptions about PSC composition.
University of Michigan scientists have developed a method to date near-surface fault activity using soft, chalky material called gouge. The research aims to improve earthquake risk assessment and nuclear reactor safety by determining a fault's recent activity and strength.
The University of Michigan team developed a miniature laboratory on a chip that can analyze DNA samples quickly and sensitively. The device is expected to make DNA analysis widely available and has potential applications in medical diagnostics, forensics, and agriculture.
A new environmental monitoring system, E-SMART, uses integrated optic chemical sensors to detect contaminants in soil, groundwater, and air. The system reduces health and safety risks, saves time and cost by operating in situ, and enables real-time assessments of environmental impact.
A new fluorescence technique has been developed for ultra-sensitive enzyme characterization at the single-molecule level. The technique, known as dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy, allows for precise and highly specific detection of molecules in large unspecific fluorescent backgrounds.
The APXS instrument provides new insights into Martian soil and rocks, revealing a more Earth-like composition than previously assumed. The study suggests that Mars has complex geological provinces with varied compositions, indicating a more evolved planet.
The discovery of an ancient Peruvian obsidian quarry provides evidence for long-distance trade in the Americas as far back as 2,500 B.C. The quarry, found by University of Wisconsin-Madison geographer Sarah Osgood Brooks, contains nearly 75% of artifacts identified as coming from a single source.
A recent report from SPRU reveals that British companies are making significant contributions to scientific research, publishing over 41,000 articles between 1981 and 1994. This has led to a reevaluation of the role of industry in advancing science, with findings suggesting that companies are driving innovation across various sectors.
Perkin-Elmer and SmithKline Beecham collaborate on bioinformatics research to speed drug discovery. The partnership aims to develop sophisticated systems for data collection, analysis, and management.
Researchers have found a way to identify ancient ash using chemical transformations, providing new insights into prehistoric lifestyles. The discovery could help explain how early humans used fire for cooking, warmth, and protection.
A US chemist, Cliff Meloan, has developed a comprehensive training manual to help Central American food inspectors detect pesticide residues using advanced analytical methods. The manual, published in 1996, covers procedures for handling raw and processed foods, identifying chemical compounds, and quality control and assurance.
Researchers found that native aquatic plants hyperaccumulate contaminants in their tissue, transforming toxic metal forms into benign ones. Turtle shell fragments serve as sensitive biomonitors of uranium, nickel, selenium, and arsenic contamination, enabling environmental risk assessment and remediation project evaluation.
Geochronologist Richard Ku's analysis of Peking Man fossils reveals they date back to at least 400,000 years ago, significantly older than previous estimates. This finding sheds new light on human evolution and challenges current understanding of the species' origins.