Articles tagged with Chemical Reactions
Researchers have compiled more reliable data, which will help science and industry. The changes include expressing atomic weights as intervals with upper and lower bounds for accuracy.
Scientists have solved the structure of a protein integral to maintaining healthy hearts and nervous systems. The discovery of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) may lead to smarter drug design for better understanding of homocystinuria, a genetic disorder affecting cardiovascular and central nervous systems.
Researchers have developed ultra-short X-ray beams that rival those made in expensive synchrotron particle accelerators, opening up new research possibilities. These beams can be used to measure and observe never-before-seen femtosecond atomic and molecular interactions.
Researchers found that water and sulfur dioxide react as ice with surprising speed and high yield at temperatures hundreds of degrees below freezing. This unexpected reaction could revamp current thinking about Europa's chemistry and geology, potentially leading to new discoveries on the moon and other icy bodies.
University of Michigan researchers Kevin Kubarych and Carlos Baiz have achieved the feat of watching the first solvation shell respond to a chemical reaction. They realized that electrons move during chemical reactions, causing vibrational frequencies in surrounding molecules to change.
A team of researchers at Duke and Stanford have found a polymer molecule that can trigger a chemical reaction when stretched, enabling it to build its own repairs. The molecule, called a gem-difluorocyclopropane (gDFC), snaps back smaller than before after stretching, potentially leading to the development of self-healing materials.
A panel of four climate experts will review current state of climate science and discuss observed changes. Chemistry plays a crucial role in resolving the climate change challenge, with significant impacts on water systems, agriculture, human health, and more.
A recent study found Texas petrochemical emissions are down, but still significantly underreported. Researchers took airplane measurements to compare with industry inventories and found discrepancies in pollutant levels. The findings highlight the need for improved monitoring and regulation.
Scientists from Scripps Research Institute have developed a novel method to produce molecular structures common to natural molecules, which could accelerate the study and identification of new drugs. The technique enables efficient production of skipped polyenes, shared by vital molecules in human health.
Scientists have developed a new method for synthesizing complex carbohydrates, enabling researchers to study their function in cellular processes and diseases. The method, reported in Nature Chemistry, allows for rapid and controlled synthesis of oligosaccharides, paving the way for the creation of libraries of carbohydrate molecules.
Kudzu's chemical reaction contributes to surface ozone pollution, causing 50% more unhealthy ozone days. The invasive vine's production of isoprene and nitric oxide exacerbates air quality issues.
Researchers at JILA have demonstrated a new tool for controlling ultracold gases and ultracold chemistry by applying small electric fields. The study shows that the electric field spurs a dramatic increase in chemical reactions, with molecules reacting faster when approaching each other head-to-tail parallel to the applied field.
A Purdue University study reveals that high humidity in bathrooms and kitchens can cause vitamins and health supplements to lose their potency. Storing products in dry conditions, below their deliquescence relative humidities, can help maintain their effectiveness.
Physicists at JILA have observed chemical reactions near absolute zero, demonstrating that chemistry is possible at ultralow temperatures. By controlling ultracold molecules' internal states and molecular motions, scientists can study how the molecules scatter or interact with each other quantum mechanically.
Researchers directly observe chemical exchange processes in an ultracold sample of cesium atoms and Feshbach molecules, allowing for controlled study of chemical reactions. This breakthrough opens a new avenue to study diverse chemical reactions using ultracold quantum gases.
Researchers used single-walled carbon nanotubes to study phase transition behavior of argon and krypton atoms. They found that the nanotube's electrical resistance changed when krypton atoms stuck to the surface, and demonstrated sensitivity to individual atom landings.
Researchers created a self-healing polymer that can extend the lifetime of automotive oils. The 'starfish' polymer, designed by Professor David Haddleton's team, helps maintain engine efficiency and resists mechanical and thermal stress.
A new study reveals that aged dental fillings may contain a non-toxic form of mercury. Researchers found that the surface forms of mercury in dental amalgam change over time, with most mercury lost through evaporation or exposure to hygiene products.
Researchers measured the rate of destruction for sulfuryl fluoride, nitrogen trifluoride, and trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride by reacting them with atomic oxygen. The results suggest that these compounds will remain in the atmosphere for long periods, potentially increasing global warming.
Scientists at Georgia Tech have developed Thermochemical Nanolithography, enabling the creation of high-resolution patterns of multiple chemicals on a single chip. The technique uses heated AFM probe tips to induce local chemical reactions, allowing for stable and non-reactive patterns that can be stored for weeks.
A new study reveals that older dental fillings, containing beta-mercuric sulfide or metacinnabar, are unlikely to be toxic. The surface forms of mercury in these fillings lose up to 95% of their mercury over time, making human exposure less concerning.
Researchers studying snowflake shape and chemical reactions on their surface may uncover clues about ground-level ozone loss in the Arctic. The unique shapes of snow crystals, influenced by temperature and humidity, can affect the rate of chemical reactions that reduce ozone levels at ground level.
Scientists support abiotic synthesis of methane, a main ingredient in natural gas, through chemical reactions. The study suggests that extreme conditions deep below Earth's surface can lead to hydrocarbon formation.
UCLA researchers developed a microchip technology that performs over 1,000 chemical reactions simultaneously, accelerating the identification of potential drug candidates for treating diseases like cancer. The technology uses in situ click chemistry and mass spectrometry to analyze results, reducing reagent consumption and lab time.
Researchers observed chemical changes in Desulfovibrio vulgaris cells as they endured air exposure, enabling some to survive through orchestrated metabolic events. This study provides a new window into bacterial adaptation and processes.
Researchers at Kansas State University are using an atomic force microscope to study proteins and molecules, which could lead to better diagnostic tools for diseases like cancer. By stretching and measuring tiny displacements in protein molecules, scientists hope to gain a deeper understanding of the causes of diseases.
Researchers found that superoxide plays a key role in bird migration by influencing the protein cryptochrome in their eyes. The molecule allows birds to 'see' Earth's magnetic field, enabling them to navigate. However, humans lack this ability due to evolutionary trade-offs between longevity and orientational ability
Researchers found that molecular bonds don't always break faster when pulled, contradicting the intuitive notion of rubber bands. The sulfur-sulfur bond's fragmentation rate depends on nearby atom movement and protein structure changes.
Researchers have fabricated microscopic polymer beads that change color instantly in response to external magnetic fields. The beads exhibit excellent structural stability and are compatible with various dispersion media, allowing for tunable colors in different chemical environments.
University of Illinois researchers create force-sensitive polymers that respond to mechanical stress by changing color, allowing for self-sensing and self-reinforcing properties. The polymers use mechanophores to trigger chemical reactions, enabling a range of applications in materials science and engineering.
Researchers have constructed a systems biology map of iron metabolism, a crucial process in animal cell survival. The study aims to improve our understanding of iron regulation and its potential manipulation for therapeutic benefits.
Udayan Mohanty, a physical chemist at Boston College, received a 2009 Guggenheim Fellowship to study rare chemical reactions using new computational models. He aims to discover unknown reaction pathways, particularly those surrounding DNA and RNA behavior.
New research suggests climate change will impact ozone recovery rates due to changes in atmospheric circulation. Greenhouse gases alter the Brewer-Dobson circulation pattern, influencing ozone distribution and leading to uneven ozone layer recovery.
A new simulation reveals a future where nearly two-thirds of the Earth's ozone is depleted, leading to extreme UV radiation and severe skin cancer rates. The study used a comprehensive model to simulate the consequences of banning ozone-depleting substances, confirming the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol.
Ahmed Zewail is honored with the 2009 Othmer Gold Medal for his groundbreaking work in femtochemistry, enabling scientists to study reactions in real time. He is also a tireless advocate for science education, working globally to promote its value and accessibility.
Researchers developed a novel x-ray technique to observe molecular motion in real time, allowing better understanding of structural evolution during chemical reactions. This discovery has promising prospects for applications in magnetic data storage, solar energy, and biology.
Researchers have discovered that climate change affects the ocean's chemical makeup, altering calcium levels and potentially impacting marine life. The study found that the ocean's chemistry can change rapidly in response to climate changes, highlighting the need for further research on the impacts of ocean acidification.
Researchers found that single-celled organisms spontaneously silence large numbers of metabolic reactions to optimize growth, with around 300 active reactions for all four organisms under optimal conditions. This finding provides new insights into the interplay between metabolic network activity and biological function.
Researchers at Kansas State University have developed a method to control the motion of electrons in a hydrogen molecule using ultrafast laser pulses. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of custom-made chemical compounds and a deeper understanding of basic physics processes.
Scientists will explore chemical reactions in extreme space conditions using a new research center combining laboratory experiments, theoretical studies, and radio-telescope observations. The Center for Chemistry of the Universe aims to expand our understanding of molecule formation that may seed young planets with life.
Stuart A. Lipton will lead a center studying potential environmental causes of Parkinson's disease, examining chemical reactions that alter protein function and screening compounds to prevent disease progression. The center represents a collaborative effort between scientists at Burnham and other institutions.
Researchers have identified a unique molecule essential to breaking down pollutants in the atmosphere, including acid rain. This breakthrough discovery will help scientists model pollutant reactions and predict potential outcomes.
Scientists at Stanford University discovered that a hydrogen atom can transfer energy to a deuterium molecule through a glancing blow, changing the conventional wisdom on energy transfer. This finding has significant implications for understanding chemical reactions and interactions between molecules.
Researchers found that under certain conditions, a molecule can jump forward instead of backward when collided with another atom. This 'tug-of-war' behavior is crucial for understanding chemical reactions and their mechanics.
Researchers at UCR propose a novel pathway for how anti-aging compounds like EthylBloc and SmartFresh block ethylene's action on plants. This knowledge could guide the design of new ethylene-blocking chemicals, benefiting producers and consumers.
A research team from Arizona State University and the University of Oxford has synthesized a molecule that is sensitive to both the magnitude and direction of magnetic fields as weak as the Earth's. This discovery provides evidence for chemical magnetoreception, a mechanism that birds may use to navigate.
Researchers designed an enzyme for a specific reaction using computational design, but the synthetic enzyme was less efficient than naturally occurring ones. However, by allowing the enzyme to undergo 'evolution in a test tube,' they were able to improve its efficiency 200-fold and increase reaction rates by a million-fold.
A chemical reaction in the atmosphere above major cities is a significant contributor to urban ozone and smog, according to UC San Diego chemists. This new mechanism involves reactions between water vapor and NO2, producing OH radicals that attack hydrocarbons and form nitrogen dioxide.
Research by University of Chicago mathematician Jack Cowan reveals that brain activity patterns follow natural rhythms, similar to phase transitions in physics. This study uses mathematical tools to understand brain-generated rhythms, including delta waves during sleep and gamma waves related to information processing.
UCLA chemists have developed a new class of materials called zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) that can selectively capture carbon dioxide, storing it like a reservoir. ZIFs outperform current porous carbon materials, capturing five times more carbon dioxide and requiring less energy.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have developed an environmentally friendly technology to produce ethylene from ethane streams by removing pure hydrogen, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The new membrane reactor enables the reaction to feed itself, making it a clean and energy-efficient way of producing ethylene.
Researchers developed a temperature-independent pH buffer to maintain sample stability during freezing and thawing. The new buffer showed minimal pH changes, even after repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Hydrogen peroxide plays a crucial role in cell health, but excessive levels can damage DNA and proteins. Researchers have identified a key protein, Prx, that helps control hydrogen peroxide levels by acting as a sensor, warning the cell to respond when levels become too high.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have solved part of the molecular puzzle behind basil's characteristic warm and sweet aroma, providing a three-dimensional snapshot of the enzyme Eugenol Synthase. The study reveals how this enzyme produces eugenol, a fragrant molecule responsible for basil's spicy overtones.
A recent study published in Cell describes a chemical chain reaction, known as the Hippo pathway, that controls organ growth and may contribute to cancer. The researchers found that this pathway is altered in 20-30% of human cancer cells, suggesting a potential new target for cancer therapy.
A study found that women experienced worsening mood and increased caution when serotonin levels were reduced, while men became more impulsive. The researchers discovered a genetic link influencing the response in women, highlighting sex differences in serotonin utilization.
Scientists at Georgia Tech have developed a new technique for nanolithography that is extremely fast and capable of being used in various environments. The thermochemical nanolithography technique uses an atomic force microscope to heat a silicon tip, inducing a chemical reaction that transforms the film's surface.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a way to control the dimensions of metal oxide nanotubes with sub-nanometer precision and lengths with precision of a few nanometers. The breakthrough could lead to new applications for inorganic nanotubes and other nanostructures.
The NIST/NCSU team observed the spontaneous assembly of organosilane molecules into a monolayer film, finding wavelike ordering with an expanded interface. The findings support recent theoretical modeling and have implications for understanding self-propagating chemical reactions and ordering phenomena.
A new study by Stanford University atmospheric scientist Mark Z. Jacobson found that ethanol-fueled vehicles increase ozone-related mortalities in the US by about 200 deaths per year compared to gasoline. Nationwide, E85 is likely to increase asthma-related emergency room visits and respiratory-related hospitalizations.