Articles tagged with Chemical Reactions
New ice core samples reveal human activities account for approximately 25% of modern carbonyl sulfide in the atmosphere. Researchers can now develop a baseline to measure the effect of human activity on atmospheric carbonyl sulfide and sulfate aerosols.
Computers can now simulate complex molecular reactions with larger molecule sizes, expanding the capabilities of quantum chemistry. Researchers aim to reduce computation time without losing accuracy.
Ruedenberg's theories describe how molecules' energy states change during reactions, predicting product properties. His contributions help elucidate bond formation between atoms.
Researchers at Stanford University study hydrogen atom collision with deuterium molecule, finding product travels in opposite direction than expected. The results suggest a more complex process involving multiple reaction mechanisms.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found a link between nerve cell changes and the apolipoprotein E4 gene. Those with the APOE4 gene experienced more rapid loss of nerve cell functioning, leading to accelerated brain aging. This study may lead to new understanding of age-related memory loss and potentially sharper brains.
Engineers have demonstrated the precision attitude control capability of NASA's Pulsed Plasma Thruster (PPT) on board the EO-1 satellite, making it the first time this technology has been used. The PPT is a fuel-efficient system that uses electromagnetic forces to propel a spacecraft, offering potential benefits for future space missions.
Droplets in salt crystals from various times in Earth's history reveal changing levels of major chemical components dissolved in ocean water. Lawrence Hardie's theory suggests that these changes may have fueled a nanoplankton population boom, leading to massive chalk deposits.
Researchers analyzed growth bands in Antarctic scallop shells to understand climate change, finding a long-term warming trend since the early 1950s. The study also reveals seasonal temperature variations and the impact of glacial meltwater on coastal waters.
A team of researchers led by Bradley and Yale archaeologist Harvey Weiss found that sudden climate changes were often present in societies that collapsed during the past 10,000 years. The study suggests that climate change was a major factor in the collapse of several societies around the world.
Glenn Agnolet's research uses Self-Assembled Tunnel Junctions (SATJs) to distinguish molecules based on their vibrational modes. By studying acetylene molecules on platinum, he found that the coupling between the molecule and electrons is ten times larger than expected.
The NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Global Change Media Directory 2001 features over 343 scientists from 50 disciplines, including climate change, natural hazards, ozone, water resources, and global warming. The directory contains a list of experts with complete contact information.
University at Buffalo chemists found that nitric oxide is highly reactive with ethanol, making it a potentially more insidious pollutant. The study's findings provide new insights into how solvation affects chemical reactions and could help scientists better tailor lab experiments.
Researchers at ANU have developed a new high-resolution map of the energy surface of molecules using quantum dynamics to analyze hydrogen reacting with heavy water. This new methodology allows for faster and more accurate analysis of chemical reactions, enabling scientists to study other reactions more effectively.
Scientists have found that the tropical Pacific Ocean played a key role in driving past ice ages, cooling by at least 3 degrees Celsius during each of the last five ice ages. This discovery challenges the long-held theory that high latitude and North Atlantic processes were the primary drivers of climate change.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have created a new compound that helps delay the onset and reduce the number of skin cancers in lab mice. The compound, a modified form of vitamin D, does not cause calcium loss, making it a potential alternative approach to reducing cancer risk.
Researchers have developed an artificial nose that senses smell by visualizing color changes in metalloporphyrin dyes, offering improved sensitivity and humidity resistance compared to human noses. The technology has various applications in industries such as food and beverage, perfume, customs checkpoints, and chemical workplaces.
A Wisconsin lake study has found that acid rain effects can last for decades, with the chemistry of the lake correcting itself naturally within two years. However, the biological changes took much longer to recover, with some species thriving while others were decimated.
For over 40 years, chemist Ernest Davidson has used computers to simulate and study chemical reactions with precision. Today's computer programs can model complex reactions involving up to 30 atoms, enabling chemists to devise new reactions.
Researchers develop a new method for labeling cell surfaces with azide markers, which can target cancer therapy, medical implants, and viral-mediated gene transfer. The Staudinger ligation technique uses an electron-hungry carbohydrate trap to prevent instability in water, enabling stable amide bonds.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered a rotational motion in gates controlling nerve impulses, challenging current models. The study reveals how amino acids move like keys turning in locks, affecting the flow of ions and generating nerve impulses.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have used a gene repair technique to genetically change white albino mice hairs to black, showing stable and long-lasting changes in skin cells. The technique has potential as a treatment for some hereditary diseases by correcting genetic mutations.
Scientists have detected rotational motion in ion channel gates, which control the flow of sodium and potassium ions. The discovery challenges current models and may aid in developing future treatments for neurological disorders.
Researchers at the University of Michigan are developing nanomolecular 'smart bombs' that can detect pre-malignant and cancerous changes in living cells. These devices use synthetic polymers called dendrimers to transport anti-cancer drugs and sensing agents into cells.
Researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison propose a new approach to understanding ecosystem health by focusing on an organism's ability to withstand environmental stress. The study suggests that competition among species is less important than biodiversity as an insurance policy against unknown environmental fluctuations.
NASA's PICASSO-CENA mission aims to measure the impact of tiny particles from industrial pollution on sunlight and climate change. The mission will use lidar technology to gather data on aerosols, clouds, and their effects on regional climate.
Ulrike Becker and Wolfgang Glasser's research on fluorine-containing cellulose esters reveals a way to change adsorption in fibers, improving cigarette filter performance. The study also advances the understanding of cotton's structure.
AGU's Spring Meeting will address pressing issues such as climate change, nuclear waste management, and the impacts of global variability. The event will feature a diverse range of special sessions and press conferences.
Neuroscientists at Johns Hopkins discover that nerve signals can originate from nerves not directly injured, leading to abnormal activity in nearby nerves. The study provides a basis for targeting the skin and suggests effective therapy options for neuropathic pain syndromes.
Researchers use infrared spectroscopy to analyze over 2,000 individual cervical cells from women with dysplasia and cervical cancer, finding that normal-looking cells have distinct abnormal spectra. This could simplify Pap test evaluation and lead to earlier cancer detection and prevention.
Researchers at Jefferson Medical College successfully used a gene repair technique to change the color of white albino mice cells to black, restoring melanin production and correcting a genetic mutation. The breakthrough holds promise as a potential treatment for some hereditary diseases by correcting the underlying genetic defect.
Research at Johns Hopkins University suggests that fur traders' hunting habits may have changed the local ecosystem, altering stream flow and vegetation. The study aims to understand how human activities affect natural resources and inform future development plans.
Researchers reconstruct past temperature changes using high-precision equipment, revealing a 4.5F warmer climate 5000 years ago and a 2F colder Little Ice Age. The region surrounding the North Atlantic Ocean is particularly sensitive to climatic changes due to ocean circulation patterns.
An ancient Antarctic ice core suggests a global climate-warming event occurred 12,500 years ago, with temperatures rising about 20 degrees Fahrenheit in a 50-year period. The findings challenge previous assumptions and throw new light on climate change research.
Researchers at Ohio University and Pennsylvania State University found molecular changes in muscles within 2-4 weeks of weight training. The study suggests that even limited workouts can induce significant changes in hormone production and protein expression.
Researchers are developing smart materials for various applications, including artificial limbs that can pick up objects, gel implants that release drugs as needed, and bridge models that prevent structural damage. These advancements could save lives by preventing accidents and improving safety in infrastructure.
A team of researchers, led by Maureen E. Raymo, have discovered millennial-scale climate instabilities that existed much further back in time than previously thought. These rapid climate fluctuations were found to be tied to changes in ocean circulation and heat transfer.
University of Michigan researchers have created the smallest biosensors ever developed, which can detect subtle changes in living cells' biochemistry. These probes, called PEBBLEs, contain dye that glows when exposed to specific ions or molecules, allowing real-time monitoring of cell processes.
Numerical simulations by U of T physicists suggest sea-level changes exceeding 100 meters can occur, contradicting previous assumptions linking them to ocean floor elevation changes. The 'wobbling' of the Earth's rotation axis produces regional sea-level variations, requiring a reevaluation of long-term climate studies.
Researchers find that collision of liquids at high speed creates intense local heating, generating highly reactive intermediates for destroying contaminants in water. This method has potential as a simple way to purify water contaminated with low levels of chemical waste.
Protein binding events control many biological processes; removing water from binding sites provides energy that drives reactions. Duke researchers used a supersensitive instrument to measure minute temperature changes in normal and heavy water to separate protein-water interactions from ligand-water interactions.
A half-million-year record of ostracodes shows that biodiversity declines during glacial periods and increases during interglacial periods. Global climate change may further affect the richness of life on Earth beyond habitat degradation.
A new study suggests that dramatic temperature drops associated with glaciations at the poles and in the Northern Hemisphere reached around the globe. The research team analyzed fossil eggshells of large birds, finding a significant temperature shift in Australia's sub-tropical interior.
Scientists have successfully carried out a chemical reaction in the world's smallest test tubes, carbon nanotubes with diameters less than ten nanometers. The research could lead to the production of new types of nanoscale devices, such as metallic wires and electronic emitters.
A new study suggests that the ratio of calcium to magnesium in ostracod shells provides a reliable method for reconstructing ancient water temperatures. The technique, described in the journal Science, shows strong signals in temperature change between glacial and interglacial periods.