Articles tagged with Electron Transfer
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have developed a way to control spin transport in networks of the smallest electrical conductor known to man. By attaching nano-particles of gadolinium to carbon nanotubes, they increased electrical conductivity and demonstrated the Spin Valve Effect, which can enhance electron transfer in devices.
Researchers discovered a protein 'piston' that facilitates rapid electron transfer in photosynthesis. The piston-like motion of PSI subunit is thought to stimulate electron transfer and provide insights into artificial photosynthesis.
Researchers optimize system to drive two-electron chemical reactions, significantly improving efficiency over one-electron reactions. The discovery enables the conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels, paving the way for practical carbon-recycling systems.
New nanoparticle-based films can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a small piece of film. The technology could enable tiny wearable devices that capture and store 3-D images with realistic detail.
Researchers found that Shewanella oneidensis bacteria use 'nanowires' to transfer electrons outside their cells, enabling them to survive and thrive in environments with limited oxygen. This discovery could lead to the development of new machines that combine living cells with electronic components.
Researchers used time-resolved spectroscopy to study the mechanism of light-dependent hydrogenation of protochlorophyllide. They found evidence of partially stepwise hydride transfer involving three discrete intermediates. This discovery sheds light on how light energy can be harnessed for chemical reactions.
Scientists at Freie Universität Berlin and Ruhr-Universität Bochum have discovered how enzymes produce molecular hydrogen. The process involves two electrons being transferred to two hydrogen ions through proton-coupled electron transfer, a mechanism that could explain the production of hydrogen gas in other enzymes.
Bittner's research aims to optimize pathways for energy conversion, using an algorithm that predicts electronic coupling and nuclear motions. The algorithm, developed with collaborators, can perform thousands of calculations months on a high-performance computer.
Engineers at the University of Arizona have developed a new method to control charge transfer rate from an organic polymer to a biomarker molecule, advancing the field of organic bioelectronics. Their findings show that electron transfer rate depends directly on applied voltage and demonstrate Marcus' theory of inverted charge transfer.
Researchers at Kyushu University have successfully demonstrated persistent luminescence from organic materials, achieving long-lived emission lasting over an hour. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize various fields, including bio-imaging and safety applications.
The team demonstrates that titanium dioxide can be modified to be used as an electrode in multivalent batteries, providing a valuable proof of concept. This breakthrough could lead to higher charge densities and better performance for new battery technologies, essential for transitioning to low-emission energy sources.
Hollow atoms, created in labs, have electrons that can quickly lose energy through interatomic coulomb decay. This effect is important for understanding the helpful effects of ionizing radiation in cancer therapy and causing DNA damage.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a substrate-specific method to detect electron transfer in photovoltaic devices. The new approach uses deep-ultraviolet continuum pulses to probe the excitonic transitions of transition-metal oxide substrates, providing a route to studying solid-state-sensitized solar cells.
Researchers at FAU successfully manipulated the properties of hybrid systems made from carbon nanostructures and a dye. The team discovered that light stimulation could transfer electrons between the dye and carbon structures, a crucial requirement for dye-sensitised solar cells.
Scientists at Linköping University demonstrate a method to combine semiconductor and topological insulator materials, generating directional electric currents. This breakthrough enables efficient conversion of light energy to electricity, promising advancements in spintronics and opto-spintronics.
A team of UK and Argentinean chemists developed a catalyst that mimics the Z-scheme mechanism of photosynthesis, reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. The catalyst, combining cuprous oxide and titanium dioxide, transfers electrons to CO2 while breaking water molecules.
Wireless charging technology overcomes distance limitations to enable continuous recharging of electric vehicles. Stanford researchers developed an efficient system that allows for dynamic charging without manual tuning.
A new nanomaterial capable of reducing CO2 with high selectivity and turnover number has been developed by Tokyo Tech. The material consists of carbon nitride nanosheets combined with a metal structure known as binuclear ruthenium(II) complex, resulting in unprecedented binding of RuRu' to the nanosheet surface.
Researchers have discovered a crucial step in the water-splitting process, enabling the creation of clean solar fuels. The study reveals the characteristics of cobalt catalysts and their role in facilitating the formation of oxygen-oxygen bonds.
Researchers at ORNL have set a new record in superdense coding, transferring 1.67 bits per qubit over fiber optic cable. This achievement brings the technique one step closer to practical use and could lead to more efficient data transfer methods for applications like the Internet and cybersecurity.
Using the Stampede supercomputer, researchers have developed a new method to study protein-ligand interactions without introducing disturbances. This technique, called Transient Induced Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy (TIMES), provides valuable information and insight for drug discovery, desalination, and bacterial energy production.
Researchers at University at Buffalo identify fluorescent dye BODIPY as ideal material for storing energy in rechargeable, liquid-based batteries. The dye's unique chemical properties facilitate electron transfer and storage, enabling batteries to operate efficiently and with longevity.
Researchers observed the buildup of Fano resonances in a helium atom via two different paths simultaneously, allowing them to study the time evolution of these processes. This discovery enables precise control over quantum effects and opens up new possibilities for controlling chemical reactions.
Researchers at TU Wien and Germany have developed a method to study the time structure of quantum jumps, which are extremely fast state changes in atoms. The experiment showed that the duration of two different ionization processes can be distinguished, revealing new insights into the physics of ultrashort time scales.
Hokkaido University researchers have identified a key enzyme involved in chlorophyll degradation and the formation of autumn colors. By understanding this process, scientists may uncover novel mechanisms for photosynthesis and discover new enzymes with potential applications.
A team of researchers at Princeton University has devised a novel pathway for reactivity that bypasses the need for reactive functional groups. The method uses proton-coupled electron transfer to form valuable carbon-carbon bonds, opening up new synthetic opportunities.
A team of researchers from Iowa State University has developed a proof-of-concept three-dimensional paper-based microbial fuel cell that generates power through biofilm formation on the anode. The device produces 1.3 μW of power and 52.25 μA of current, demonstrating its potential for environmentally friendly energy production.
The discovery could lead to more efficient conversion of sunlight into electricity and fuel by minimizing the distance electrons travel through chemical bonds. This finding has implications for both solar fuel devices and biological systems, where understanding electron transfer is crucial.
Using the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), researchers have demonstrated a method to produce polarized positrons from spinning electrons. This technique could enable new research in advanced materials and offer a new avenue for producing polarized positron beams for proposed experiments. The team successfully tran...
Scientists have developed a novel method to study the dynamics of electrons in solids when exposed to ultrafast light pulses. This breakthrough enables the precise optimization of energy transfer between light and matter, paving the way for faster electronic signal processing and potentially accelerating data processing to its limits.
ICFO researchers achieve isolated attosecond pulses in the soft X-ray water window, covering multiple absorption edges simultaneously. This allows site-specific probing of electron correlation and many-body effects in organic solar cells and molecular electronics.
Russian scientists have identified a unique enzyme in E. coli that enables the bacterium to breathe, despite the presence of hydrogen sulfide, which would normally inhibit mitochondrial respiration. This discovery could lead to the development of new antibiotics that target specific types of bacteria without harming human cells.
A NUS-led research team has discovered a new method for transferring magnetic information between two thin layers of magnetic materials by adding a special insulator. This breakthrough enables faster data transmission rates and paves the way for the development of devices that operate in the terahertz frequency range.
University of Utah engineers developed a handheld scanner that can detect small traces of alkane fuel vapor, crucial for preventing oil pipeline leaks and detecting explosives. The portable device will be used to locate leaks in pipelines, airplane fuel tanks, and security threats, providing real-time warnings.
Researchers found a way to control energy transfer between electrons and bismuth crystal lattice, enabling efficient conversion of waste heat into electricity. This discovery could improve the overall efficiency of solar cells by harnessing excess heat.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a virtually perfect single layer of 'white graphene,' featuring high mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and transparency. This breakthrough material could enable faster data transfers and improve the performance of electronic devices.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a new DNA-templated gold nanocluster that enhances electron transfer in enzymatic fuel cells. The AuNC facilitates oxygen reduction reactions, lowering overpotential and increasing electrocatalytic current densities.
Researchers at Caltech found that ocean microbes can consume large amounts of methane using electrons to share energy over long distances. The microbes use a symbiotic relationship to break down methane, which could help mitigate climate change.
Scientists at the University of Groningen have successfully created an electric circuit using a magnetic insulator and spin waves. By leveraging thermal fluctuations in the material, they were able to transmit electric signals through the insulator, opening up new possibilities for energy-efficient electronic devices.
A Korean team tunes black phosphorus' band gap to form a superior conductor, enabling mass production for electronic and optoelectronic devices. This breakthrough allows for great flexibility in device design and optimization.
Researchers discovered that infants as young as 7-9 months old possess the ability to identify abstract relations between objects and generalize them to new pairs. This suggests that analogical thinking is an innate cognitive function that precedes linguistic abilities.
Scientists at EPFL have discovered that electron transfer from tryptophan to a heme molecule can distort FRET data, leading to false readings about protein conformation changes. This finding has significant implications for the effectiveness of FRET analysis in studying protein structures and interactions.
The UW nanolaser is built using a single atomic sheet of a tungsten-based semiconductor, which emits light efficiently and can be easily fabricated. This technology has the potential to revolutionize next-generation computing and optical communication by consuming less energy and enabling faster device performance.
Researchers are working on a £103,000 project to study electron transfer among hydrogen-bonded dimers, which could lead to new materials with unique properties. The research aims to mimic nature and understand how electrons are transferred between molecules.
Researchers at the University of East Anglia have made a significant discovery in bio battery technology, enabling the generation of clean energy from bacteria. The study reveals how electrons hop across bacterial proteins and find that the rate of electrical transfer is dependent on protein orientation and proximity.
Researchers at UChicago and Argonne National Lab developed a new polymer that enhances the efficiency of solar cells. The addition of PID2 improved the production of electricity by allowing charges to move more easily throughout the cell.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have developed a new type of organic solar cell that can use virtually any metal for the electrode, effectively breaking the 'electrode barrier'. The new design allows for improved electron transport efficiency and reduced work function, making it more efficient and cost-effective.
Researchers have developed a semi-artificial leaf that outperforms natural photosynthesis, achieving higher photocurrents and electron transfer rates. This breakthrough enables the development of cheaper and flexible solar cells for various applications, including micro-sized medical devices.
A team of researchers at Montana State University published a paper on how DNA responds to ultraviolet light, revealing its super-fast mechanism to resist damage. The findings advance our understanding of the genetic code's resistance to UV rays, which can lead to skin cancer and aging.
A team of German and Italian researchers captured the first real-time movies of light-induced electron transfer in organic solar cells. The findings suggest that the quantum-mechanical nature of electrons and their coupling to nuclei is crucial for charge transfer, with potential implications for optimizing device efficiency.
Researchers enhance understanding of materials interfaces using DESY's bright research light sources. They discovered a tenfold higher conductivity in a specific interface, shedding light on the mysterious 'missing electrons'. The findings open doors to designing new properties and controlling them.
A team at MIT has figured out a way to measure the fundamental charge transfer rate in porous battery electrodes, revealing significant surprises. The study found that the Butler-Volmer equation is inaccurate, especially at higher voltage levels, and that electron transfer between two solids determines the rate.
Scientists from EPFL investigated how generated electrical charges travel across perovskite surfaces of solar cells built with different architectures. The results showed two main dynamics: charge separation through electron transfer at sub-picosecond timescales, and significantly slower charge recombination for titanium oxide films.
Bacteria use molecular groups called hemes to transfer electrons through tiny protein-based wires. The researchers found that evolution has set the protein up so that when electrons have a strong drive to hop, heme stepping stones are less tightly connected, and when the drive is low, they are more closely connected.
Researchers at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute demonstrate that light-responsive Chlorobium can act in tandem with Geobacter to produce electricity. The two bacteria work together to generate current when Chlorobium transfers electrons to Geobacter, which then produces electricity.
Researchers at EPFL's LSU employed a world-unique setup to observe electron movement with unprecedented time-resolution. The study revealed that solvent configuration significantly affects electron departure, extending residence time up to 450 fsec.
A study by Georgia Tech researchers reveals that RNA can catalyze single electron transfer in oxygen-free environments with the assistance of iron. This process suggests that complex biochemical transformations may have been possible when life began on Earth, and could even revive a latent function of RNA.
Caltech chemists have explained one of the remaining mysteries of photosynthesis, the chemical process by which plants convert sunlight into usable energy and generate oxygen. The discovery provides a new way of approaching the design of catalysts that drive water-splitting reactions in artificial photosynthesis.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have identified the importance of amino acids in facilitating electrical conductivity in bacterial pili, a paradigm shift from traditional understanding of biological electron transfer. This discovery has significant implications for environmental cleanup and renewable energy sources.
Researchers at the University of Chicago are developing 'designer atoms' through nanocrystal assembly, offering new opportunities for solar energy, quantum computing, and functional materials. By controlling electron correlation, they aim to create strongly correlated systems with unique properties.