Articles tagged with Hydrogen
PNNL scientists explore molecular hydrogen storage, catalyst development using abundant metals, and the connection between plants and pollution producing aerosols. Their research aims to improve renewable energy efficiency and reduce pollution.
Scientists have discovered that a strain of bacteria can survive without traditional nutrients by harnessing trace gases like hydrogen from the air. This breakthrough reveals the 'minimalist approach' to survival used by these microorganisms in extreme environments.
Sandia National Laboratories is helping Red and White Fleet design, build, and operate a high-speed hydrogen fuel cell passenger ferry and hydrogen refueling station. The project aims to reduce emissions and improve air quality in harbor areas.
NIST researchers found that hydrogen-specific steel pipelines can cost 68% more than natural gas pipelines due to damage caused by hydrogen over time. However, they also propose modifying industry codes to allow the use of higher-strength steel alloys without thicker pipe walls, resulting in a net cost reduction.
Macroscopic Brownian motion phenomena have been observed in self-powered liquid metal motors, with the force coming from hydrogen gas generated at the interface. Researchers found that tiny motors in millimeter scale exhibited random movement on a glass surface, contrary to classical Brownian motion theory.
Researchers discover smaller nanoparticles of magnesium hydride have better mechanical properties, including plastic stability and homogeneous dislocation activity. This suggests a path forward for making better hydrogen storage tanks by engineering them to take advantage of these properties.
Researchers discover a giant cloud of hydrogen gas being burnt off from the atmosphere of GJ 436b, an exoplanet orbiting a warm red dwarf star. The cloud forms a comet-like tail as ultraviolet light pushes hydrogen into spiral motion, with 1000 metric tonnes being lost every second.
A team of scientists has discovered a massive cloud of hydrogen escaping from the atmosphere of GJ436b, a Neptune-sized exoplanet located 33 light years away. This phenomenon may help explain the formation of hot and rocky 'super-earths' and potentially detect extrasolar oceans.
Courtney Passow, a Kansas State University doctoral student, will interact with Nobel laureates in physics, physiology, medicine and chemistry at the 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting. The meeting provides an opportunity for her to explore potential collaborations.
A team of scientists suggests that hydrothermal processes at the rock-water boundary could produce methane in Enceladus' ocean. Analyzing Cassini data, they propose two possible explanations for the moon's methane abundance: one involving hydrothermal activity and another based on ice formation/melting cycles.
Researchers found that bariatric surgery patients with high methane and hydrogen levels in their breath had a lower percentage weight loss compared to others. The study suggests that an overgrowth of certain gut microbes may alter metabolism, making it harder to lose weight after surgery.
Hydrogen sulfide has been found to widen blood vessels in healthy young adults, which could lead to decreased blood pressure. The researchers plan to investigate further by examining the effects of hydrogen sulfide on hypertensive individuals and high blood pressure treatments.
The gold deposits in the Witwatersrand Basin are thought to have formed through a process involving volcanic rain, anoxic rivers, and ancient life forms. This theory reconciles previous debates between placer gold and hydrothermal hypothesis theories.
Researchers have discovered that hydrogen binding energy is the most important factor predicting the rate of the fuel-cell reaction, enabling the design of new catalyst materials. Alkaline polymers are being explored as a potential solution to create less expensive electrocatalysts that work well in an alkaline environment.
Researchers found that stars in large middle-aged clusters are of similar age, suggesting a complex formation process. The discovery challenges current understanding of stellar evolution and may require re-evaluation of models.
Hydrogen transforms into a layered sheet structure resembling graphene at high pressures, exhibiting unique aromaticity and conductivity. This discovery validates earlier predictions made by chemists three decades ago, expanding our understanding of chemical bonding in extreme conditions.
Astronomers have taken the first time-lapse images of an expanding fireball from a 'nova' star, providing new insights into this rare celestial phenomenon. The data reveal that the fireball expands at a rate faster than previously predicted, engulfing a region comparable to Earth's orbit within a day.
Researchers at the University of Bonn and Cardiff develop a new observational strategy for imaging extremely distant galaxies, using ALMA radio telescope data. This method improves upon previous efforts by accurately estimating molecular hydrogen presence in these galaxies, providing insights into galaxy formation and star creation.
Researchers have created a novel hydrogen-deuterium mixture, exhibiting disordered Phase IV-material with different molecular behaviors. This discovery could lead to optimized thermoelectric and electronic properties in superconducting materials.
Researchers observe massive polar cloud at Titan's south pole, composed of hydrogen cyanide ice, and conclude that the upper atmosphere must have cooled by over 50 degrees in less than a year.
Scientists have discovered that nitrite-oxidizing bacteria can use hydrogen as a source of energy, enabling them to grow independently of nitrite and expand their ecological niche. This finding has significant implications for understanding the global nitrogen cycle and the ecology of these important microorganisms.
Researchers from UCL and collaborators aim to determine whether numerous small galaxies or rare quasars produce more ultraviolet light. A forthcoming survey will analyze detailed measurements of a million distant quasars to map the neutral hydrogen gas in the universe, revealing its history.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich successfully assembled chains of up to 90 porphine units using a silver surface, opening doors for the development of ordered long molecular structures. These 'tapes' have potential applications in electronic devices and data storage.
Researchers at NIST have created hydrogen-treated optical fibers that can transmit stable, high-power ultraviolet laser light for hundreds of hours. The fibers were infused with hydrogen gas and cured with ultraviolet light to reduce errors in logic operations in quantum computing experiments.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum developed a new type of catalyst that can facilitate two opposite reactions: electrolysis of water and combustion of hydrogen with oxygen. This catalyst has the potential to make regenerative fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries more cost-efficient.
A study by Sandia National Laboratories reveals that existing California gas stations can safely store and dispense hydrogen. The research examined 70 commercial gasoline stations and found that 14 could readily accept hydrogen fuel, while 17 more possibly could with property expansions.
Unique groups of microbes, known as Dehalococcoides, can convert hazardous chlorinated chemicals like TCE into ethene, a benign end product. However, they may stall at this stage, producing toxic intermediates. New research proposes that microbes are out-competed for hydrogen, a necessary electron donor, causing the breakdown to fail.
New analysis of Moon rocks indicates regional variations in water content, providing insights into lunar formation and crust cooling processes. The study suggests that the Moon's water may have originated from both Earth and comets/asteroids, with implications for understanding the source of Earth's water.
The Palomar Transient Factory successfully observed a supernova exploding in real-time, providing unique spectral features that suggest its progenitor was a nitrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet star. This discovery will aid in understanding massive star evolution and identifying potential supernova precursors.
Scientists have developed a novel solid storage material that can efficiently store hydrogen, a clean fuel alternative to fossil fuels. The new material packs a large amount of hydrogen in a stable and safe way, overcoming one of the key technological challenges of storing hydrogen.
Shortfin molly fish populations have evolved genetic changes that enable them to thrive in hydrogen sulphide-rich springs. The adaptations involve changes in the cox1 and cox3 genes, allowing the fish to maintain COX activity under high H2S concentrations.
The Hydrogen Polarimetric Explorer mission will measure the nature of interplanetary hydrogen, providing insights into the size and shape of the heliosphere and its interactions with the local interstellar medium. The sounding rocket's results will be combined with other NASA missions to improve models of the heliospheric boundary.
Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories are developing a solid-state hydrogen storage system that can refuel forklifts in under three minutes, compared to hours of recharging. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the clean forklift market, offering direct cost savings and reduced expenses.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a method to manufacture porous silicon using solar energy, which can generate hydrogen from water when exposed to sunlight. The material's high surface area and nanoscale size enable it to act as an effective catalyst, aiding in the production of hydrogen gas.
Soil bacteria, such as Mycobacterium smegmatis, use enzymes to efficiently scavenge hydrogen from the atmosphere, ramping up activity when carbon-based energy sources are scarce. This discovery has implications for understanding global climate processes and developing new catalysts for hydrogen fuel cells.
Researchers have built a system that converts the sun's energy into hydrogen fuel and stores it for later use, allowing for nighttime power. The 'solar fuels' system uses natural photosynthesis as inspiration and has the potential to be a major piece of the puzzle for a solar energy future.
A team of researchers suggests that molecular hydrogen, in addition to carbon dioxide and water, could have created a greenhouse effect on Mars 3.8 billion years ago, raising temperatures high enough for liquid water to flow.
A new computational method at Rice University accurately predicts the adsorption of gases by porous zeolites, enabling labs to screen potential materials before expensive experiments. The method could aid in developing fuels that meet Department of Energy standards and improve zeolite properties.
Astronomers observed two nearby supernovae, SN 2012im and SN 2013ek, in spiral galaxy NGC 6984 using NASA's Hubble space telescope. The recent image reveals the second star that has exploded, forming a new Type Ib supernova visible near the center of the galaxy.
Researchers detect z8_GND_5296 galaxy using Hubble Space Telescope data, revealing universe's earliest conditions. The discovery sheds light on the era when the universe transitioned from opaque to translucent state.
Researchers at the University of South Carolina have developed a graphene oxide membrane less than 2 nanometers thick with high permeation selectivity between hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas molecules. The team's method allows for uniform coverage without inter-flake leaks, enabling thinner membranes that can efficiently separate gases.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University developed a new method to measure nanocrystals' adsorption and release of hydrogen and other gases. The technique revealed that the size of nanocrystals has a stronger effect on the rate of gas adsorption and release than previously expected, with smaller particles absorbing more gas faster.
New calculations predict hydrogen takes on a series of structures under high pressure, forming transparent metal layers that make detection difficult. The findings suggest the line between metal and non-metal in hydrogen is blurrier than previously thought, requiring advanced experimental techniques to detect.
Researchers analyze proton diffusion mechanism using theoretical calculations, finding that protons hop quickly between water molecules, followed by rest periods. The discovery may be relevant to enzymes and macromolecules, improving understanding of proton transfer in aqueous systems.
A new method for converting CO2 into methanol has been developed by Université Laval researchers. The catalyst is made of two chemical groups and produces little waste, making it more effective than previous methods.
Astronomers use a new stacking technique to detect faint signals from distant galaxies, revealing crucial information about the amount of hydrogen they contain. This technique allows for the detection of ancient galaxies and provides insights into the evolution of the Universe.
Astronomers used Hubble to observe light from the close double-star system T Pyxidis during its latest outburst in April 2011. The team assembled a 3-D map of the structure around the nova, revealing a disk-shaped debris disk populated with fast-moving ejecta.
The Technical Reference on Hydrogen Compatibility of Materials offers detailed information on the effects of hydrogen on various materials, including steel, aluminum, copper, and nickel alloys. This report helps industry target and develop components with fewer compatibility issues, potentially accelerating the timetable for the hydrog...
Scientists discover that water on the Moon's mantle originated from primitive meteorites, not comets, raising questions about the formation of the Moon. The findings also suggest that most of the water on Earth comes from the same source.
The new telescope, with a 100m x 100m collecting area, will scan half of the sky daily and synthesize an image of the sky nearly one billion times per second. The CHIME telescope aims to map a quarter of the observable universe, helping scientists understand the history of the Universe and dark energy's role in its expansion.
Researchers applied Deutsch–Märk and Binary-Encounter-Bethe methods to beryllium and its derivatives. The calculations provide improved understanding of electron impact ionization cross sections (EICS) for the ITER fusion chamber.
Scientists have found metabolically active bacteria in the brine of an Antarctic lake sealed under ice for over 2,800 years. The discovery provides new boundary conditions on life's limits and suggests that chemical reactions between the brine and underlying sediment generate energy for microbes.
Scientists harness Stocastic Resonance to convert electric energy into mechanical motion in a molecule of hydrogen. This breakthrough enables design of artificial molecules with controlled oscillation.
Researchers studying Martian meteorites found that the planet formed from similar building blocks to those of Earth. However, the composition of water on Mars differs significantly from that of Earth, suggesting a distinct geologic history. The study provides new insights into the origin and evolution of water on the Red Planet.
Multicellular bacteria have been found to function as living power cables, transmitting electrons across large distances as part of their respiration and ingestion processes. The discovery reveals a previously unknown type of long, multicellular bacteria that act as biological power cables.
Researchers are exploring three materials - magnesium borohydride, ammonia borane, and alkanes - that could be used to create a safe and efficient hydrogen storage solution. Hydrogen has great promise as an alternative fuel due to its abundance and energy content.
A new study at the International Water Association Conference has made significant breakthroughs in reducing sewer gas emissions. The treatment, called Cloevis, uses a magic mix of chemicals to stop 99% of hydrogen sulphide emitted from sewers, significantly decreasing bad smells and their impact on corroding pipes.
Scientists at UNSW have developed a nano-structure that can store and release hydrogen, paving the way for practical applications in fuel cells and vehicles. The breakthrough uses sodium borohydride nanoparticles encased in nickel shells, demonstrating improved thermodynamic and kinetic properties.
Materials scientists at Harvard University have developed a solid-oxide fuel cell that can store electrochemical energy like a battery, allowing it to continue producing power for a short time after its fuel has run out. This innovation has significant implications for small-scale, portable energy applications, such as unmanned aerial ...
A research team has discovered two planets, Kepler-36b and Kepler-36c, in an orbital tug-of-war as they orbit the same star about 1,200 light years from Earth. The planets occupy nearly the same orbital plane and come within 1.2 million miles of each other at their closest approach.