Articles tagged with Ions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have revealed the 3D atomic structure of the human PANX1 protein, a channel pore that plays a crucial role in pyroptosis, a form of cell death triggered by an immune response. The study provides new insights into the mechanism controlling pyroptosis and opens up potential avenues for developing targeted therapies.
Researchers have discovered a precise way to control individual ions using holographic optical engineering technology. The new technology promises to aid the development of quantum industry-specific hardware and potentially quantum error correction processes.
High-resolution VLA radio images of W49A show changes in ionized gas regions, including new activity and supersonic gas motions. Astronomers plan to continue observing this region to track changes and reveal details about star formation processes.
Bai lab creates a stable, efficient anode-free sodium battery that achieves high performance while eliminating the need for a traditional anode material. The new design uses a thin layer of copper foil as the current collector, resulting in significant improvements in size and cost compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries.
Experiments show that photon collisions lead to excess particles, previously unexplained. Theoretical description now includes photon interactions to explain data collected from LHC and RHIC collisions.
Researchers identified a new cell type called neuromast-associated ionocytes in zebrafish sensory organs that play a crucial role in regulating the fluid composition. These cells are responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation, and their dysfunction is linked to hearing loss and vestibular defects.
Researchers have discovered a new method for converting toxic copper ions into stable single-atom copper using bacteria found in copper mines. This process is safer and more efficient than current methods, which often require harsh chemicals and labor-intensive processes.
Researchers have developed a specialized technique to capture unique protein structures associated with neuropathy disorders, such as Charcot Marie Tooth and Dejerine-Sottas syndrome. The technique, ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), reveals that an unstable mutant version of the PMP22 protein forms a stable complex called a dimer.
A new desalination technique using polymer membranes with absorbent nanoparticles simplifies the removal of toxic metals during the process. The technology can remove nearly 100% of toxic metals, including mercury and arsenic, producing clean water along with a pure brine.
Researchers at Skoltech created a new electronegativity scale, improving Pauling's original scale with a formula that treats molecule stabilization as a multiplicative effect. The new scale works for both small and large differences in electronegativity, accurately predicting chemical bond energies and reactions.
Researchers at KAIST discovered that plasma jets produce more stable interactions with water surfaces compared to neutral gas jets, reducing bubbling and splashing. The study's findings will help improve our understanding of plasma-liquid interactions and their applications in various industrial fields.
A team developed a novel approach to generate precisely controlled, helical palladium-DNA systems that mimic the organization of natural base pairs in double-stranded DNA molecules. The process is based on self-organized assembly of a special palladium complex and single-stranded DNA molecules.
Researchers developed a highly linear flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity using soft micropillared electrodes, achieving linearity of up to 0.999 and sensitivity of 33.16 kPa-1 over a wide pressure range. The sensor has applications in intelligent robots, human-computer interaction, and health monitoring.
The HF-START simulator estimates and provides shortwave propagation information in real-time under realistic ionospheric fluctuations based on ground-based observations and model calculations. The system allows users to visualize radio wave propagation paths and clarify the impact of space weather on communication.
A recent analysis of climate data from the last millennium reveals that megadroughts in Central Europe were characterised by a weak or negative phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and reduced solar radiation.
A high-velocity atmospheric wave was generated by Beirut's 2020 ammonium nitrate explosion, rivalling those from volcanic eruptions. The blast caused electron disturbances in Earth's upper atmosphere, including changes in total electron content in the ionosphere.
Researchers at Jilin University developed a see-through glass display that transitions smoothly between a spectrum of colors when electrically charged. The technology harnesses interactions between metal ions and ligands, offering high white light contrast ratio and numerous applications.
Researchers from USTC detected a 'sharp rise' signature in detection rate of BAL variations, leading to ionized gas density determination. They found the detection rate curve could distinguish gaseous components with different densities, optimizing their method measuring gas density by trec.
A team of researchers from the University of Fukui and Kanazawa University have challenged the long-held assumption that potassium channels are highly selective for potassium ions. Their findings indicate that sodium ions can also pass through these channels, with a conductance one-eightieth that of potassium ions.
A new type of electrolyte weakly binds to lithium ions, enabling a battery to retain its capacity at -60 degrees Celsius. The researchers discovered that the binding strength between lithium and the electrolyte determines the battery's performance at low temperatures.
Researchers have developed a novel spectroscopy technique to measure the wave properties of molecular vibrations, achieving resolution capacity 10,000 times higher than previous methods. The experiment confirms quantum theory's prediction regarding atomic nuclei behavior with high accuracy.
Researchers propose a new Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) method that uses the theory of human color perception to create more interpretable images. The approach preserves borders and gradients, enabling better analysis of molecular distributions in tissues.
A wearable sensor developed by EPFL's Nanolab and Xsensio measures cortisol levels in sweat to detect signs of burnout, providing a non-invasive and precise way to quantify stress levels. This innovation has the potential to revolutionize the study of physiological rhythms and the treatment of stress-related diseases.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the proton conduction mechanism in protic ionic liquids, a key component in fuel cells. The study reveals that the mechanism shifts from proton hopping to vehicle mechanism with increasing acidity, enabling the development of new hydrogen ion conductors.
Researchers developed an antisense oligonucleotide that targets IRF4, silencing cancer stem cells and proliferating tumor cells. The treatment significantly reduced myeloma cell burden and increased survival of mice with human myeloma.
Researchers at the University of Tartu have discovered a way to create ultrafast optical quantum computers using rare earth ions. The new method uses microcrystals synthesised on the basis of mixed optical fluoride crystal matrices, enabling faster computation and fewer errors compared to earlier solutions.
A scanning transmission X-ray microscope for lithium analysis has been developed, enabling the study of chemical states and behaviors with high spatial resolution. The microscope uses a low-pass filtering zone plate to suppress higher-order harmonics, allowing for accurate measurement of XAS spectra.
Researchers at University of California - Santa Barbara have created a new way to detect dark ions using laser-cooled radium molecules. This breakthrough allows for precise measurements of ion motional frequency and mass, enabling sensitivity to time symmetry violations in quantum mechanics.
Researchers at Hunan University and Clemson University have developed a new type of electrode material inspired by biological cells. The material, called biomimetic carbon cells, improves the cycling stability of potassium-ion batteries and allows for longer continuous operation.
Scientists have developed a bioinspired material that enhances lithium-ion extraction by controlling interlayer spacing and achieving stable ordered nanostructures. The new membrane shows higher toughness and efficiently controls Li+ permeation rate, outperforming other materials.
Scientists have found a way to reduce ammonia synthesis temperatures using lanthanide oxyhydrides as a catalyst support for ruthenium. These materials enhance catalytic activity and stability, overcoming hydrogen poisoning issues.
Scientists have uncovered the mechanism of glutamate transport using X-ray crystallography and molecular simulations. The study revealed that sodium ions bind to glutamate, driving its uptake into cells via specialized transport proteins called EAATs.
Researchers at University of Tsukuba develop a new carbon-based electrical device, π-ion gel transistors (PIGTs), with improved conductivity. The innovative technology may lead to the creation of flexible electronics and efficient photovoltaics.
A graduate student developed an open-source code called BADASS, which provides a way to fit stellar motions simultaneously with other components in astronomical spectra. The code is versatile enough to fit not just active galactic nuclei but also normal galaxies, and can be used for any kind of spectroscopy.
Researchers at Osaka University have created thin films of neodymium nickel oxide with an electrical resistance that can change dramatically by controlling the distribution of hydrogen ions. This breakthrough could lead to novel switches and potentially entirely new kinds of computer circuits.
Researchers find preferential heating of heavier ions like silicon in the transition region, which is thought to be a key mechanism for coronal heating. The study provides insights into how magnetic reconnection and ion cyclotron heating contribute to the sun's super-hot atmosphere.
A new study examines global trends in nature's contributions to people, revealing declines in natural regulations of water pollutants and negative impacts on crop yields. The research highlights the critical need for better management of earth systems to ensure sustainable benefits for future generations.
Researchers from ETRI and DGIST created a novel electrode structure composed of graphite active material and no solid electrolyte, increasing energy density by 150%. The new design enables higher active material content and improved performance.
Researchers have directly observed the formation and interaction of highly ionized krypton plasma using femtosecond coherent ultraviolet light and a novel four-dimensional model. The study reveals strongly nonlinear behavior in laser-plasma interaction, allowing for the creation of well-defined plasma conditions.
Researchers from the University of the Basque Country found that pyroclastic materials protecting Pompeii paintings also cause damage when exposed to air and humidity. The study identified fluorine ions in the salts responsible for damage, suggesting a link between volcanic origin and salt crystallization.
Researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully designed and fabricated a microcavity on a lithium niobate chip, achieving integrated light source in the communication band. The innovative technology realizes the potential of lithium niobate thin films for efficient optoelectronic integration.
Scientists at POSTECH have created a multimodal ion-electronic skin that can measure both temperature and mechanical stimulation simultaneously. This breakthrough could lead to the development of wearable temperature sensors and artificial skin for humanlike robots, potentially restoring the sense of touch in patients with tactile sens...
A new material called ZIOS has been designed to capture copper ions from wastewater with unprecedented precision and speed. The material selectively removes copper, a contaminant linked to disease and organ failure, without removing desirable ions or nutrients.
Researchers developed a nanopowder made of sodium titanate nanofibers that can efficiently capture Co2+ ions, increasing surface area for improved removal efficiency. The seaweed-like morphology enhances the filter's ability to remove hazardous heavy metals and radionuclides from water.
A Northwestern University research team has uncovered new findings on the role of ionic interaction within graphene and water. The insights could inform the design of energy-efficient electrodes for batteries and provide backbone ionic materials for neuromorphic computing applications.
Researchers have developed an all-solid redox transistor containing a thin film of Fe3O4 on magnesium oxide and lithium silicate electrolyte, enabling reversible rotation of the magnetization angle in magnetite at room temperature. The device operates with lower power consumption than traditional spin current injection methods.
A new theory developed by scientists at SISSA has established a relationship between the presence of 'handles' in the space of atom and molecule arrangements and a material's electrical conductivity. The research found that materials equipped with handles, previously thought to be insulators, can conduct electricity like metals.
A new algorithm helps track fast charged particles in plasma, which could influence fusion reactions. The algorithm conserves energy during pitch-angle scattering, a critical process in fusion plasma.
A new study has identified the coral skeleton growth mechanism, revealing that controlling water temperature is crucial for restoring reefs. The research suggests that corals regulate their internal ion concentrations by pumping calcium and carbonate ions from seawater through coral tissue.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science create a novel strategy to produce moth-eye nanostructures and transparent films, overcoming previous scalability issues. The resulting film exhibits remarkable optical properties, including low reflectance and increased transmittance.
A team of researchers from the University of Tokyo has discovered a feedback system between water molecules that opens up new design possibilities for highly selective membranes. These membranes, which can filter out viruses and other contaminants, could also be used to improve lithium-ion battery performance.
A team of MIT chemical engineers has developed a system to continuously remove carbon dioxide from waste gases using an electrochemically assisted membrane. The membrane's permeability can be switched on and off at will, allowing for continuous operation without moving parts or wasted space.
Researchers at Scripps Research have identified the PIEZO2 protein as a crucial part of how our body detects bladder fullness. The discovery sheds light on the mechanism underlying normal bladder function and may lead to new treatments for bladder control and urination issues, particularly among the elderly.
Scientists at EPFL's LMS have developed a geoelectrochemical system that enhances biocement production and improves soil stabilization for low-permeability clay soils. The method harnesses bacterial metabolism and electric current to produce calcite crystals that durably bond soil particles together.
Researchers at UT Health San Antonio have discovered lactate, a metabolite elevated during exercise and diseases, acts as a signal to activate magnesium ions. This finding is expected to lead to the development of novel therapies for cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders like diabetes, and other conditions.
Researchers use plasma to kill pathogenic bacteria and viruses on PPE, with promising results shown for N95 masks and other supplies. A low-cost approach also uses ozone generated by a plasma ball to sterilize PPE, potentially reducing thousands of tons of waste per day.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have transformed an old antibiotic into stronger, safer versions using a synthetic strategy. They created over 4,000 variations of gramicidin A, identifying 10 promising future antibacterial drugs with improved specificity towards bacteria.
Researchers have developed a new cerium(III) complex that achieves 100% EUE in OLEDs, leading to improved device stability and efficiency. The device shows a maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.8%, smaller roll-off, higher maximum luminance, and longer operating lifetime compared to traditional iridium-based OLEDs.
Cornell engineers developed a modular process for designing elastomers with metals like iron and calcium, creating a wide range of mechanical properties. The framework allows for the creation of biodegradable and elastic materials for soft tissue reconstruction and regeneration.
Researchers from Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University successfully created silver nanoparticles in an ion-exchanged glass using infrared nanosecond laser pulses. The nanoparticles demonstrate surface plasmon resonance, enabling signal enhancement of up to 10^6 times in Raman spectroscopy.