Articles tagged with Ions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Yokohama National University have developed a new electrode material that improves the charge capacity of lithium batteries. This breakthrough enables longer-lasting and more energy-dense electric vehicles, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and promoting renewable energy-based applications.
Researchers at USTC observed single-atom-layer defects that act as 'Li-ion traps', significantly influencing ionic transport and reducing conductivity by up to 1-2 orders of magnitude. The discovery opens new avenues for understanding non-periodic features in solid electrolytes.
Researchers at Stockholm University have developed a method to speed up quantum computing using giant Rydberg ions, which can exchange quantum information in under a microsecond. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of scalable quantum computers for complex calculations.
Understanding interactions between metal ions and peptides may lead to improved treatments for diabetes, Alzheimer's, and other diseases. Researchers found that copper can impede the aggregation of pramlintide, but not rat amylin.
Researchers at Caltech have successfully created a tiny optical cavity that can store and transmit quantum information, a crucial step towards building a quantum internet. The cavity allows scientists to efficiently collect and detect photons emitted by rare-earth ytterbium ions, enabling the creation of a quantum network.
Scientists created a model that represents a cell with two sensors responding to its environment. They tested various questions, including the impact of energy consumption and sensor interactions on cell sensitivity. The study found that these factors are not always crucial for high sensitivity, and noise levels play a significant role.
Scientists developed an OLED with bright 1.5 μm electroluminescence due to enhanced Er emission through compositing an organic phosphorescent iridium complex with a separated organic erbium complex molecule.
Researchers at Nagoya University have developed a one-step fabrication process that enhances the ability of nanocarbons to remove toxic heavy metal ions from water. The new method involves adding amino groups to the nanocarbons, which forms stronger chemical bonds with the heavy metals.
Researchers have devised a new three-dimensional model of the heliosphere, breaking down charged particles into two groups to understand its shape. The 'croissant' with a long tail and the beach ball models are now reconciled, revealing a unique shape that splits the difference between them.
Researchers have imaged the 'ball-and-chain' mechanism of ion channels using cryo-electron microscopy, providing new insights into their regulation. This discovery has significant implications for designing targeted therapies for disorders such as epilepsies and heart arrhythmias.
Researchers discovered how electrons in pyrochlore oxide crystals form a 'glassy state' due to distortions in the atomic lattice, leading to a spin-glass phenomenon. This work sheds light on understanding glass transitions and their fundamental role in physics.
The University of California, Riverside, has been awarded $3.75 million to lead a collaborative effort in developing scalable quantum computers. The project aims to establish a novel platform for quantum computing that can scale up to many qubits, overcoming current limitations.
Scientists used XSEDE-allocated supercomputers to study ion transport through nanoporous membranes. Advanced path sampling techniques captured the kinetics of solute transport, revealing a previously unknown mechanism called induced charge anisotropy that affects ion movement.
Researchers have discovered a neuron-like electrical switching mechanism in solid-state material β'-CuxV2O5, enabling the creation of circuitry that functions like the human brain. The team's findings showcase the potential for neuromorphic computing to improve energy efficiency and address global computing demands.
A new technology developed at Northwestern University offers precise measurements of proteins down to their atoms, enabling better understanding of disease and the design of vaccines. This approach, called individual ion mass spectrometry, can determine the exact mass of a huge range of intact proteins.
A research team at Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH) has developed a new type of polymer ionic conductor that can be stretched and crumpled by water. This innovation enables the creation of stretchable thermometers that can measure body temperature with simple contacts, such as wearing clothes or shaking hands.
Researchers have developed a new computer simulation to study carbon in deep Earth reservoirs, providing insights into the Earth's carbon cycle and climate change. The simulation reveals underestimated concentrations of bicarbonate ions under extreme pressure and temperature conditions.
The EU-funded IN-FET project develops novel nanodevices to treat neurological diseases like epilepsy and Parkinson's by modulating nerve cell activity. The project uses ion-based technology to correct hyper-excitability in brain cells, offering a natural approach to treating these conditions.
A team of researchers at NYU Tandon School of Engineering has developed a novel polymeric material that enhances oxygen permeability in fuel cells, generating more power while reducing the need for expensive materials like platinum. This breakthrough could drive greater adoption of hydrogen fuel cells in transportation and beyond.
Physicists at PTB and MPIK have developed a method to measure atomic frequencies in highly charged ions, increasing precision by a factor of 100 million. This breakthrough enables the creation of novel atomic clocks and new avenues for searching for new physics.
Researchers at Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University calculated frequencies of electronic transitions in argon isotope and found nonlinear effects stronger than expected
The Department of Energy has announced plans for a future Electron Ion Collider, sited at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. Jefferson Lab will be a major partner in the project, providing key support and expertise in particle accelerators and nuclear physics.
CryoEM technique reveals structural changes in cardiac muscle thin filaments that regulate heartbeat function. The study provides a molecular basis for novel drug design to treat diseases such as cardiomyopathy.
A German-American research team has discovered a new metabolic pathway in the rumen microbiome of ruminants that allows the bacteria to adapt to extreme fluctuations in sodium content. This adaptation enables the production of ATP through two different respiratory circuits, one requiring sodium ions and the other using hydrogen ions.
Nano-Pulse Stimulation (NPS) delivers nanosecond pulsed electric fields to cells and tissues, inducing cell death in epidermal or dermal lesions without causing scarring. Researchers used NPS to treat skin lesions, including seborrheic keratosis and warts caused by human papilloma virus.
Researchers at IKBFU create novel laser optic manufacturing process utilizing rare-earth metal ions of ytterbium and its oxide, reducing production costs. The new powder can generate powerful red laser radiation and improve image quality in night-vision goggles.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory propose most complete picture to date of metal-insulator transition in transition metal oxides, enabling improved tuning and control for low-power and ultrafast microelectronics. The study reveals that size of vegetable ion within crystal structure affects transition temperature, making materi...
Researchers at Imperial College London have developed a new technique using powerful lasers and bright x-rays to capture information about extremely dense and hot matter. This breakthrough allows for unprecedented resolution and efficiency in studying warm dense matter, crucial for fusion power and astrophysics.
The Goddard-IRAM Superconducting 2-Millimeter Observer (GISMO) instrument has mapped the inner Milky Way, revealing a feature resembling a cosmic 'candy cane' with two prominent radio filaments. The image showcases the galaxy's central zone, highlighting areas of star formation and high-speed electron spirals.
Physicists at NIST have achieved a major new feat by creating a bizarre quantum interference between two photons of markedly different colors, originating from different buildings. This experiment is an important step towards future quantum communications and computing.
A new test developed by Northwestern University can detect high levels of fluoride in drinking water, exceeding EPA standards. The test is inexpensive, easy to use, and requires no scientific expertise, making it a potential solution for communities with naturally high fluoride levels.
A team of researchers from Osaka University identified a key protein required for electrical signal sensing in sperm, which is defective in individuals experiencing reduced fertility. The study's findings suggest that the protein regulates ion channel activity, affecting sperm motility and potentially leading to new fertility treatments.
Researchers used a fine-resolution atmospheric radar to make the first measurements of Earth's ionosphere in the Antarctic region. The study provides valuable information about electron density, ion velocity, and temperature in the ionosphere, shedding light on atmospheric and ionospheric phenomena.
The study determined the crystal structures of heme uptake system components HtaA and HtaB, revealing a novel fold for heme-binding/transport proteins. The results provide basic knowledge for developing new antibiotics against diphtheria.
Researchers have developed a new way to simulate quantum systems of many particles, allowing for the investigation of dynamic properties fully coupled to slowly moving ions. This approach overcomes limitations in previous methods and offers new insights into complex mutual interactions between particles in extreme environments.
Researchers have made breakthrough in recreating nature's efficient machinery for generating hydrogen gas using biological enzymes. The study focuses on iron-iron hydrogenase enzyme, which is faster and more efficient than current industrial process.
Researchers at OIST have characterized the structural defects that prompt ion movement in perovskite materials, which can destabilize the device. The study's findings may inform future engineering approaches to improve perovskite solar cells' performance and stability.
Researchers developed a modified Mg metal anode via surface ion-exchange reaction, enabling stable electrochemical performance and reversible plating/stripping at high current densities. The artificial layer improves ion transport kinetics, reducing overpotential and increasing battery lifespan.
Researchers have developed a new type of fluorescent carbon dot that can effectively detect calcium levels in cells. The CDs exhibit bright blue fluorescence and have been shown to be nontoxic and biocompatible, making them a promising probe for intracellular Ca2+ detection.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to analyze the performance of pore-filled ion-exchange membranes in reverse electrodialysis. The 'Conductive Traveling Length' concept enabled accurate prediction of ion transfer and performance, impacting commercialization of salinity gradient power technology.
Researchers have developed a high-performance cathode made of an organic polymer for sodium-ion batteries, achieving excellent electrochemical performances. The new material outperforms current polymeric and inorganic cathodes in capacity delivery and retention.
Researchers have identified a crucial protein that regulates calcium ions in muscles, revealing its importance in maintaining healthy muscle function. The protein, mitochondrial calcium uptake1 (MICU1), helps balance calcium levels in the mitochondria, and its loss leads to muscle weakness, fatigue, and damage.
Researchers design novel carbon electrodes with efficient ionic channels for improved energy storage performance. They propose graphene stacking as an ideal model of 2D ionic channels, enabling fast electrolyte transport and excellent accessibility.
Researchers have developed a simulation model that shows the potential for fast magnetic reconnection to occur in partially ionized plasma, a key region in interstellar space. This finding could help understand how reconnection may affect star formation and provide insights into the physics of magnetically reconnecting plasmas.
A team at DIII-D National Fusion Facility used a rugged magnetic sensor and high-performance computing to capture fast ion fluctuations. This data will help improve computer models that interpret the behavior of fast ions, enabling real-time control and efficient heating of plasma in future reactors.
Scientists controlled host-guest complexes to explore the mechanism of chemical reactions, discovering that modification of guest metal ions could switch between 'recognition first' and 'reaction first' pathways. This finding has potential applications in drug delivery systems.
A team of WVU chemists has created a new molecular research tool that simplifies experiments in mass spectrometry, enabling non-invasive analysis of biological systems. The instrument, developed by Assistant Professor Peng Li, uses a vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization device to collect and ionize samples on the spot.
Researchers developed a consistent theoretical interpretation of ion beam energy deposition in liquid water jets, crucial for simulating interactions with human tissue. The new model allows for precise targeting of tumors while minimizing damage to adjacent normal tissue.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism for proton transfer between acids and bases, involving hydroxide/methoxide ions rather than hydrated excess protons. This breakthrough has significant implications for aqueous proton transport in solutions, hydrogen fuel cells, and transmembrane proteins.
Scientists have successfully implanted an electronic device into tobacco plants, allowing them to deliver a stress hormone called ABA. This enables the plant to close its small pores and conserve water.
Scientists at PPPL have developed new findings on the physics governing the balance of pressure in the scrape-off layer, which is essential for predicting plasma pressure in future fusion facilities. The research could lead to accurate forecasts for international ITER and other next-generation tokamaks.
New findings from the University of Kansas shed light on the behavior of gluons in protons. The researchers used ultra-peripheral collisions to study the energy and dipole sizes needed for gluon saturation, a hypothesized phase of matter thought to exist in high-energy protons.
Researchers from Tomsk Polytechnic University have developed a new method of ion implantation that improves the wear resistance of stainless steel by over 100 times. This technology enables the creation of doped surface layers with a depth of several hundred micrometers, expanding its applications in industry.
A study from Aarhus University has found that fat pumps in cell membranes create an electrical current, which may play a role in controlling essential processes in the body. This discovery highlights the importance of flippases in maintaining cellular function and suggests potential connections to neurological diseases and Alzheimer's.
TTUHSC researchers engineer mutant channels to capture atomic resolution pictures of ion-bound configurations, providing evidence for the canonical model proposed by Nobel laureate Roderick Mackinnon. This discovery could lead to developing new drugs targeting K+ channels for treating life-threatening conditions.
The HADES experiment simulates electromagnetic radiation from colliding neutron stars, revealing temperatures of 800 billion degrees Celsius. The research provides insight into the cosmic kitchen for heavy nuclei fusion.
Ion beams use ions to create complex atomic effects, releasing slow electrons that destroy DNA of cancer cells. Researchers at TU Wien discovered interatomic Coulombic decay, a previously little-observed effect, plays a pivotal role in this context.
Researchers have found that lithium fluoride crystals can detect tracks of heavy ions with high energies, including iron. The crystals work like photographic film and can accurately reproduce the path of a particle.
Researchers discovered that albumin and ions in host cell vesicles trigger enterovirus genome release. The findings may provide new insights into understanding the fundamental aspects of enterovirus life cycle and developing targeted therapies.
A new drug called volanesorsen has been shown to significantly reduce blood fat levels in people with a rare genetic disorder. In a Phase III clinical trial, participants experienced a 77% reduction in triglyceride levels, while those receiving a placebo saw a 18% increase.