Articles tagged with Ions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Magnetospheric Multiscale mission has made the first high-resolution measurements of an interplanetary shock. The shock was triggered by a fast stream of solar wind overtaking a slower stream, creating a wave that spread across the solar system. By analyzing the data from this event, scientists gained evidence to support a theory o...
Researchers have confirmed that ions can be heated by plasma oscillations driven by high-energy particles using a new hybrid-simulation program. This breakthrough accelerates studies of plasma self-heating for realizing fusion energy.
Jiehang Zhang, an NYU physics assistant professor, received a $750,000 grant for his research on quantum systems. The award supports early-career researchers in building America's scientific workforce and sustaining innovation.
Scientists have discovered a new method to generate electricity using water flowing over thin metal layers. The oxide layer atop the nanometal layer results in an electron shuttle, allowing for efficient energy conversion.
Researchers from Kanazawa University have developed a three-state switchable chiral stationary phase that can be controlled using metal ions, enabling efficient separation of enantiomers. The phase's stability and separation performance were demonstrated over multiple cycles, opening new doors for drug discovery and other research areas.
Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory reproduced the process behind astrophysical shocks, bridging the gap between laboratory and spacecraft observations. The experiments showed how plasma interactions can cause sudden jumps in pressure and magnetic field strength, accelerating particles to near light speed.
A team of fusion researchers successfully demonstrated alpha particle confinement in a plasma for the first time in helical systems. This achievement is significant as it promises the alpha particle confinement required for realizing fusion energy in a helical reactor.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have developed a low-cost, high-performance battery chemistry that achieves exceptional voltage and high efficiencies. The new innovation uses chromium and organic binding agents to stabilize a potent electrolyte, offering promise for cost-effective manufacturing.
Physicists at NIST developed a method to control ion motion and display exact quantities of quantum-level motion, up to 100 packets of energy. The technique enabled the creation of superpositions, allowing for more precise measurements and characterizing frequency.
Researchers have discovered a new strategy to extend sodium ion battery cyclability using copper sulfide as the electrode material. This leads to high-performance conversion reactions and is expected to improve the commercialization of sodium ion batteries.
NIST's quantum logic clock has reclaimed its title as the world's most precise atomic clock, with a systematic uncertainty of 9.4×10^-19, outperforming both NIST's ytterbium and strontium lattice clocks. However, it lags behind in stability, measuring 1.2×10^15 for a 1-second measurement.
A chemist at the University of Texas at Arlington has developed a device that collects and analyzes liquid samples as they travel through space. The open-tubular chromatograph can detect and separate ions using very little power, making it ideal for future Mars missions.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed a novel parameter to select electrolytes for metal-air batteries, reducing trial-and-error testing. The 'Electrochemical' Thiele Modulus measures ion transport and reaction kinetics, allowing rational development of high-performance electrolytes.
Quantum sensors achieve extremely accurate results, surpassing conventional physics limits, enabling precision measurements of molecules and improving gravitational wave detectors. The new approach reduces measurement time by half while maintaining or doubling resolution.
Physicist Will Fox receives the 2019 Thomas H. Stix Award for his original and seminal experiments on magnetic reconnection, ion Weibel instability, and shocks in laboratory astrophysics. His work investigates plasma processes that accelerate particles to enormous energies in the cosmos.
Researchers explored the cytotoxicity of glass ionomer cements with and without flavonoids on human keratinocytes. The results showed that GICs with flavonoids were less cytotoxic and had improved hardness compared to those without flavonoids.
Physicists at NIST have developed a technique to amplify and measure the tiny motions of a magnesium ion, enhancing sensing of weak electric fields. The method could speed up quantum computing operations and detect minute changes in light absorption.
Researchers find that hydrochloric acid releases its proton in interstellar space when added to water molecules in a specific order; however, the process can be reversed depending on the initial cluster formation.
Lithium-ion capacitors combine large storage capacity and rapid charging capabilities. Researchers have proposed a new approach using two additives to facilitate incorporation of lithium into capacitors, enabling cost-effective development of these components. This method has the potential to increase energy storage efficiency.
Colorado State University chemists developed a new design for eco-friendly smart glass that works faster and lasts longer. By optimizing nanoparticle spacing, the tinting behavior can be improved, leading to enhanced performance in applications such as windows, batteries, and sensors.
Researchers believe a zone of preferential heating surrounds the sun's surface, with temperatures rising and individual elements heated to different levels. The Parker Solar Probe will test this theory by entering the zone in 2021, providing direct measurements of processes behind solar wind acceleration.
A new process uses chemical methods to purify samples and detect modern forgeries by analyzing binding agents, providing a clear result. This method was tested on a famous case and proved effective in detecting a fake painting from the 20th century.
Researchers demonstrate a way to boost smart glass window tinting rates by analyzing single-particle resolution optical imaging. The study finds that optimizing thin film architectures can increase tinting speeds and reduce inefficiencies.
Researchers at NIST have demonstrated the teleportation of a complete quantum logic operation using ions, a crucial step towards building large-scale quantum computers. The experiment involved transmitting data from one ion to another over a distance of over 340 micrometers without physical interaction.
Researchers have observed an electric-field controlled reversible transition from superconductor to ferromagnetic insulator in (Li,Fe)OHFeSe thin flake. This work provides a unique platform to study the relationship between superconductivity and ferromagnetism in Fe-based superconductors.
A cross-disciplinary study by UH Manoa scientists reveals chemical and physical evidence of water formation on the Moon. The research proposes a mechanism where solar wind protons, lunar minerals, and micrometeorite impacts interact to produce water vapor.
Scientists use deuterium ions to create water on lunar samples, suggesting micrometeorite impacts can generate and liberate water. The results provide insight into potential water formation mechanisms on the moon and other airless bodies in the Solar System.
Scientists at the University of Bonn have developed a new method to study enzymes in action, allowing for the measurement of spatial positions and conformational changes. This breakthrough enables better understanding of biomolecules and potential insights into enzyme disorders.
A team of biophysicists has discovered the correct structure of the KR2 rhodopsin protein under physiological conditions, which is crucial for understanding its mechanism and potential applications in optogenetics. The study reveals that the protein forms a stable pentamer when functioning correctly.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck have developed a quantum sensor that measures visible light particles without destroying them. The innovation, led by Tracy Northup, allows for tailored light fields to be generated through feedback loops, paving the way for future quantum applications.
A team of physicists from the University of Kansas is studying gluon saturation, a phenomenon where standard equations describing proton structure don't apply. They aim to better understand how nucleons and nuclei form using quantum chromodynamics.
Researchers employed neutron-imaging techniques to track lithiation and delithiation processes in lithium-ion batteries' materials and structures. The study aimed to understand how lithium moves through electrode materials, essential for designing faster-charging batteries.
Researchers designed a novel fiber electrode to improve electron supply and ion accessibility, achieving high specific capacitance and rate capability. The amphiphilic core-sheath structure enhances interactions between functional groups and PANI molecules, resulting in greater pseudocapacitance utilization.
A new method for characterizing complex quantum states has been developed, enabling quantum simulations on larger systems. This method is based on the repeated measurement of randomly selected transformations of individual particles and provides information about the degree of entanglement.
An international team of researchers discovered a pair of residues acting as a gate in the archaeal Na+/H+ antiporter PaNhaP. The gate's mutation speeds up the transporter twice as much as the wild type, suggesting a balance between fidelity and efficiency.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology have developed a method to construct biohybrid systems that incorporate Vorticella microorganisms. The system demonstrates the conversion of linear motion to rotation, enabling the creation of autonomous fluidic valves and wearable smart microsystems.
Researchers found evidence of historic marine life in Alaskan permafrost, revealing that the Beaufort Sea was not completely frozen over during the late Ice Age. This discovery improves scientists' ability to reconstruct past Arctic sea-ice conditions and inform future climate strategies.
Researchers present a quick and affordable solution to restore protective coatings in lead pipes, reducing toxic lead leaching into water supply. The new electrochemical approach could be applied to existing pipes with minimal disruption and cost savings.
Scientists create novel polymeric material with fullerenes, boosting power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells by three-fold. The new interlayer material improves device stability and electrode performance, overcoming intrinsic problems related to combining hard and soft materials.
Researchers at Peking University have developed a new model that uses artificial intelligence to predict the distance between atoms in materials. By modifying the size of ions, they were able to achieve more accurate results than current models, with an average deviation of less than 0.1 Å.
The new cellulose-based material measures all three parameters independently, making it suitable for applications such as robotics, healthcare, and security. The sensor utilizes thermoelectric effect and distinguishes between electron and ion responses to measure temperature and humidity levels.
A team of researchers from the University of Maryland has developed a heat-to-electricity device using a piece of wood, which can potentially be used to generate energy from body heat. The device uses ions and unique properties of the wood's natural nanostructures to convert low-grade heat into electrical signal.
In a breakthrough study, scientists have observed ions moving faster than atoms in the gas streams of solar prominences, challenging our understanding of plasma behavior. This phenomenon occurs when ions and neutral atoms flow independently in partially ionized plasmas without impact equilibrium.
A research team at Goethe University Frankfurt has successfully simulated the capture of protons by heavy elements in the universe. By using an ion storage ring, they were able to create conditions similar to those found in stellar explosions and neutron stars, allowing them to study the formation of heavy elements in detail.
Scientists tested the symmetry of space-time by comparing two atomic clocks, confirming their excellent accuracy and a fundamental hypothesis of the theory of relativity. The experiment improved the limits for testing space-time symmetry by a factor of 100.
Researchers have found a way to improve LiCoO2 cathode performance in Li-ion batteries by decorating it with BaTiO3 nanodots. The team discovered that the BTO dots create a special interface for Li ions to circulate easily, leading to improved stability and discharge capacity.
Researchers warn that acidification of the Southern Ocean will disrupt marine food webs due to a layer of corrosive water forming below the surface. The new shallow horizon would reduce viable pteropod habitat, impacting global fisheries and ocean ecosystems.
A research team has successfully computed millions of highly accurate atomic data for neodymium ions, enabling studies of the origin of precious metals like gold and platinum. The findings show that the light of a kilonova, emitted by neutron star mergers, contains abundant heavy elements.
A team of researchers has discovered a rare double helix structure in the high-strength polymer PBDT, which could enable the creation of lightweight aerospace materials. The polymer's supreme rigidity and low processing cost make it an attractive alternative to conventional fillers.
A Vanderbilt University team developed an atlas of lipid structures using ion mobility-mass spectrometry, narrowing the possibilities for identifying lipids. The atlas holds key to early diagnosis of many disorders by mapping out lipid shapes.
Researchers have developed biocompatible ion-driven transistors that can record high-quality neural signals, suitable for advanced data processing. The transistors' channel is made from fully biocompatible materials, enabling efficient communication with neural signals.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a new way to encode qubits in trapped-ion mechanical oscillators, which could lead to more efficient quantum error correction. By exploiting the properties of periodically arranged oscillatory states, they can detect and correct errors with high precision.
Scientists have successfully generated and controlled extremely short-wavelength spin waves, a promising alternative to traditional electronic data processing. The discovery could enable the development of more compact microchips with reduced energy consumption.
Researchers at Drexel University and Trinity College developed a new method to fortify silicon anodes with MXene materials, stabilizing them enough for use in batteries. The resulting silicon-MXene anodes showed higher lithium-ion capacity and superior conductivity than conventional silicon anodes.
Physicists at NIST have cooled a flat crystal of 150 beryllium ions to near-ground state, enabling more realistic quantum simulations and improved sensitivity for sensing weak electric fields and detecting dark matter. This achievement marks a significant advance over previous demonstrations of ion cooling.
Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have developed the first fully kinetic model of plasma behavior, demonstrating that fast magnetic reconnection can occur in partially ionized systems. This finding has implications for understanding auroras and the formation of stars.
A new device can accurately measure fluoride concentrations in water using a novel material that changes color when exposed to fluoride ions. This simple, on-site testing method is cheaper and more accessible than current methods, enabling virtually anyone to monitor fluoride levels in drinking water.
Scientists at Nagoya Institute of Technology discovered Na2V3O7, a material with fast charging performance and long battery life, offering an alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, further research is needed to improve the material's stability throughout the entire charging duration.
Researchers at DESY NanoLab discovered that platinum oxidizes more readily than expected when exposed to high pressures of oxygen, forming nano-bubbles. This phenomenon has significant implications for applications such as catalytic converters in cars and electrochemical sensors.
A team of researchers has identified a mechanism that contributes to the degeneration of axons in multiple sclerosis, leading to permanent neurological deficits. They found that minuscule ruptures in the cell membrane allow calcium ions to enter the neuron, disrupting its balance and ultimately killing it.