Articles tagged with Messenger Rna
Decaying RNA molecules provide a snapshot of how proteins are produced, with one end decaying while the other serves as a template for translation. Researchers have discovered that an enzyme degrading mRNA follows closely behind ribosomes, pausing at set points to allow translation to complete before degradation begins.
A new study found that an increase in CELF2 expression drives widespread changes in mRNA splicing during T-cell development, leading to physiologically important changes in proteins. The research provides unprecedented insight into the regulation of splicing during thymic development and reveals a biologic role for CELF2 in human T cells.
Researchers have developed a new fluorescence microscopy technique that shows where and when proteins are produced in individual cells. The technique allows direct observation of messenger RNA molecules being translated into proteins, shedding light on protein synthesis irregularities contributing to human diseases.
Researchers have discovered that the three-dimensional structures of mRNAs determine their stability and efficiency inside cells. This knowledge could help explain minor mutations causing neurodegenerative diseases.
Scientists have found evidence that ribosomes are not just passive translators of DNA but also have their own genetic information and may be responsible for creating proteins. The discovery challenges traditional views on the evolution of life and suggests a new spin on feeling kinship with other creatures.
A team of researchers discovered a protein called Rqc2 that specifies which amino acids are added to stalled proteins, blurring the lines of what we thought proteins could do. The study suggests potential implications for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, ALS, or Huntington's.
Researchers discovered that Ranbp9 controls the correct processing of mRNA molecules after their synthesis from thousands of genes involved in sperm production. This finding places Ranbp9 as a master regulator of sperm production.
Researchers at UMass Chan Medical School will explore the molecular basis of Fragile X syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting 1 in 4,000 males and females. They aim to identify therapeutic targets by investigating three molecules that slow down mRNA translation in mice.
Duke University researchers found that stressed cells slow down protein production, reshuffle their workload, and clean up misfolded proteins. This response mechanism could shed light on diseases caused by misfolded proteins.
Researchers from ETH Zurich have discovered a new form of innate immune defence against certain RNA viruses, including those causing hepatitis C, yellow fever, and dengue fever. The NMD system, which is a quality control mechanism in cells, also serves as a general virus restriction mechanism in plants.
Researchers have found that plants can exchange thousands of mRNA molecules, allowing them to freely communicate and potentially dictate what the host plant should do. This discovery could lead to new strategies for controlling parasitic weeds that affect food crops in poor regions.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have discovered a new process in human genes that can alter protein contents and functions. This process, known as programmed ribosomal frameshifting, may help the body regulate its immune response and prevent harmful side effects.
Researchers identified a protein called CFIm25, which regulates messenger RNA length and promotes tumor growth. Restoring CFIm25 levels in brain tumors dramatically reduced their growth, providing a potential novel therapeutic strategy.
Researchers develop a new ISH method, called RNAscope ISH, for rapid and sensitive localization of mRNA molecules in plant tissues. This approach is faster and highly sensitive than traditional methods, allowing for precise quantification of gene expression.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine used a powerful data-crunching technique to understand how the protein Dom34 keeps defective genetic material from disrupting cellular functions. The study found that Dom34 'rescues' protein-making factories called ribosomes when they get stuck obeying defective genetic instructions.
Researchers identified 450 variants of neurexin proteins, offering new evidence on their role in forming synapses. The study suggests that these protein variants contribute to the diversity of synaptic connections, paving the way for further research into neurological disorders.
A team at Harvard University developed a new method to pinpoint thousands of mRNA molecules within intact cells, revealing their sequence and function. This breakthrough could lead to earlier cancer diagnosis and better understanding of tissue development.
Researchers discovered that a well-known protein UPF1 controls the biological circuit to determine whether an immature neural cell remains in a stem-like state or becomes a functional neuron. The study's findings have significant implications for developing new therapies for neurological disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
Scientists have identified a key role for protein Rnpc3 in the growth of organs during zebrafish development, revealing insights into the causes of Taybi-Linder syndrome. Minor class splicing is critical for gene expression regulation, with defects potentially affecting multiple genes.
Researchers at SISSA have developed a mathematical model of protein synthesis, revealing that the process is more stochastic than previously thought. This new understanding sheds light on the random component influencing protein translation times, which can affect the efficiency of the process.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine developed a mouse model with fluorescently tagged beta-actin mRNA, allowing them to observe the molecular processes that culminate in memories. The study revealed a novel mechanism by which brain neurons control the synthesis of beta-actin protein.
A recent study by UChicago scientists reveals how the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on mRNA affects the half-life of mRNA, regulating cellular protein quantities. This discovery could provide fundamental insights into healthy functioning and disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and infertility.
Researchers have discovered that neuronal RNA granules are highly heterogeneous and dynamic in their composition, containing proteins that repress protein synthesis. This uncoupling of mRNA transport from protein production is essential for learning and memory, and has implications for understanding neurodegenerative diseases.
Scientists have discovered that microRNA-128 plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in neurons, leading to increased neuron activity and epilepsy. The study used mice experiments to demonstrate the effects of reducing microRNA-128 levels, which can help hamper muscle activation.
Researchers found that messenger RNA can take a two-way journey down the cell's cytoskeleton, delivering proteins to specific locations and avoiding diseases such as Alzheimer's, cancer, and Fragile X syndrome. This flexible navigation allows mRNA to bypass obstacles and reach its intended destination.
Researchers find RNA, not protein, catalyzes eukaryotic gene splicing, increasing complexity in higher organisms. This discovery enriches the 'RNA world' origin hypothesis, suggesting life on earth began with RNA-based systems.
A recent study published in PLOS Biology reveals that a majority of rhythmic proteins are produced during two intervals of the circadian cycle, with proteins required for metabolism showing peak production during the day and those required for cell growth at night. This discovery provides new insights into the regulation of protein pro...
Scientists at UMass Chan Medical School discovered that knocking out a gene important for mRNA translation restores memory deficits and reduces behavioral symptoms in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. The study suggests that the prime cause of the disease may be a translational imbalance, and restoration of this balance may be neces...
Scientists have discovered that protein translation in dendrites is complex and dictates by translational hotspots, not solely when RNA is present. This finding may inform neurological and psychiatric illness therapeutics.
Researchers analyzed the riboproteome to gain a better understanding of translation and its impact on cancer. The study uncovered dynamic components of the ribosome that can be altered in cancer, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.
A team of scientists has developed a synthetic mRNA that induces self-repair and regeneration of the infarcted heart in mice. The study shows that this approach can lead to long-term therapeutic effects, including improved survival following myocardial infarction.
Researchers from McGill University have confirmed a 50-year-old hypothesis on the RNA double helix structure, revealing its potential applications in biological nanomaterials and supramolecular chemistry. The discovery may lead to new possibilities for genetic information storage and treatment of diseases like HIV and AIDS.
A breakthrough discovery reveals that high levels of the eIF4E protein can promote cancer by unwinding complex mRNA knots, allowing ribosomes to translate genetic code into proteins that trigger tumor growth. This understanding may lead to highly specific cancer treatments targeting growth-promoting cells.
A study published in Cell has confirmed that non-coding DNA, previously considered 'junk', plays a crucial role in regulating cell development. The researchers found that certain white blood cells use introns to control the activity of genes involved in their function.
Researchers at University of Chicago Medical Center discovered a new layer of complexity in human gene expression, finding a single gene that encodes two separate proteins from the same mRNA sequence. This discovery could lead to a therapy for spinocerebellar ataxia type-6 (SCA6), a neurodegenerative disease.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have trapped the ribosome in a key transitional state, allowing them to see how it translates genetic code into proteins without mistakes. Understanding this process is crucial for developing new antibiotics and has significant implications for the origin of life.
Researchers at MIT have discovered a mechanism that allows cells to read their own DNA in the correct direction and prevents most of the so-called 'junk DNA' from copying into RNA. This process helps explain the existence of many recently discovered types of short strands of RNA whose function is unknown.
A team at Arizona State University has identified thousands of RNA sequences, known as Translation Enhancing Elements (TEEs), which initiate cap-independent translation in the human genome. These findings have significant implications for understanding protein synthesis and may hold potential for biomedical applications.
Researchers found evidence of actively metabolizing and proliferating bacteria, archaea, and fungi in the deep biosphere, with implications for global biogeochemical cycles. The study revealed diverse biochemical pathways and movement mechanisms, including flagellar-driven locomotion and gliding.
Researchers at University of Delaware and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution found evidence of active bacteria, fungi and other microscopic organisms at depths deeper than a skyscraper is high. The microbes are reproducing, digesting food and moving around despite extreme conditions.
Researchers at EMBL discovered that each gene can be transcribed into dozens or hundreds of unique mRNA molecules with different boundaries, affecting gene function and protein production. This variation could equip cells to adapt to external challenges.
Research at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus reveals that hsa-miR-146a is overexpressed in most metastatic bladder cancer tumors. This tiny miRNA molecule plays a crucial role in making bladder cancer more aggressive.
Researchers at Drexel University have identified two key molecules involved in promoting nerve cell growth and branching after injury. By manipulating the expression of these molecules, they were able to induce longer and more branched axons, which is essential for restoring nerve function.
Scientists have identified a complex of three molecules that regulates the production of defective Huntingtin protein, a key contributor to Huntington's disease. By targeting this complex with pharmaceuticals, it may be possible to directly affect the production of defective proteins and treat the underlying causes of the disease.
A recent study published in PNAS reveals that DNA transcription produces mRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) pairs, which are transcribed coordinately as stem cells differentiate into other cell types. The finding could redefine our understanding of gene organization and regulation.
Researchers discover cancerous mRNA's poly(A) tails can evade the body's safeguards, allowing it to escape regulatory mechanisms. This discovery opens up a new avenue for understanding how genes are activated or inactivated without mutations.
Researchers find that certain RNAs can pause without being degraded, enabling protein production, and suggesting multiple proteins could be made from the same mRNA
Researchers from the University of Sheffield and Harvard Medical School have made a groundbreaking discovery on the TREX protein system, which acts as a passport for mRNA transport. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for cancer, Motor Neuron Disease, and myotonic dystrophy.
Researchers at EMBL have determined the 3D structure of part of the flu virus' RNA polymerase, crucial for replication. This finding enables the design of innovative anti-flu drugs targeting all influenza strains.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have visualized the transport of messenger RNA from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm using a highly sensitive light microscope. The study reveals that the process involves brief collisions with the nuclear membrane and quality control checks, resulting in only about every fourth successful export.
Researchers have discovered a vast new gene regulatory network in mammalian cells that could explain genetic variability in cancer. The mPR network allows mRNAs to communicate through small RNA molecules called microRNAs, influencing the expression of other genes.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a genetic biopsy technique to analyze the genes expressed by human eggs without harming them. By comparing the gene expression sequences in polar bodies and their host eggs, they found that more than 90% of detected genes were also present in the eggs.
Scientists discovered a previously unknown compensatory pathway that protects the brain and organs from genetic and environmental threats. The NMD pathway is vulnerable to insults, but human cells have evolved a way to overcome attacks by sending reinforcement molecules to compensate for losses.
Researchers have created a detailed map of gene expression in the mouse cerebral cortex, which shares 90% of its genes with humans. The atlas provides insight into how genes work in this complex region of the brain, including correlations between specific genes and human diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
Researchers have identified key mRNA molecules that the Fragile-X mental retardation protein binds to in brains of mice, suggesting new avenues for treating intellectual disability and autism. The study also proposes two possible treatment strategies: lowering specific protein activity or replacing FMRP's ability to regulate translation.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism in regulating human genes by enabling pre-mRNA splicing. The U2AF protein plays a crucial role in this process, which involves the cooperation of different proteins to remove introns and form mature mRNA. This process is essential for genetic information flow from DNA to RNA to proteins.
Researchers discovered that microRNA levels increase or decrease in the zebra finch brain after hearing a new song. This finding suggests that microRNAs play a regulatory role in fine-tuning the brain's response to social information.
Researchers found that the lack of structure on messenger RNA facilitates protein synthesis, even without a Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The absence of secondary structures on these mRNAs makes it easier for ribosomes to access and identify the start codon.
Scientists uncover a highly conserved dual mechanism that regulates both brain development and function across diverse species. The discovery could lead to biomarkers for neurological diseases and potentially cure them with microRNA therapeutics.
Researchers at the Broad Institute have developed a method to measure how much messenger RNA is produced and degraded, revealing dynamic changes in RNA levels over time. The technique allows for high-resolution and comprehensive views of the RNA lifecycle, enabling scientists to investigate what happens when something goes wrong in cells.