Articles tagged with Messenger Rna
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The structure of the mRNA initiation complex provides new insights into cancer and disease processes. The discovery proposes a model for how mRNA is pulled through the ribosome for scanning, revealing that start codons need to be sufficiently far from the front end of the mRNA.
Researchers found that CNOT3 protein silences genes that cause insulin-producing cells to malfunction, leading to diabetes. Knocking out CNOT3 in mice results in the development of diabetes due to the activation of normally silenced genes.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus modifies its messenger RNA cap to evade cell recognition, leading to a new target for antiviral drugs. Researchers at UT Health San Antonio deciphered the structure of an enzyme involved in this process, providing a foundation for designing effective treatments.
Researchers have developed modified mRNAs with sulfur atoms that accelerate protein synthesis by at least 20 times, paving the way for efficient protein production and mRNA therapeutics. This breakthrough has significant implications for medical treatments, including vaccine therapy and protein replacement therapy.
Researchers from Innovation Center of NanoMedicine and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science are developing an mRNA vaccine with immunostimulatory adjuvant functionality. The technology uses smart nanomachines to produce vaccines efficiently and at a low cost, tackling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and potential future new co...
A Northwestern University team uncovered a common mechanism regulating gene expression during development, linking stochasticity to physical constraints. The researchers found that bursts of natural randomness impact protein levels and developmental outcomes.
Researchers at Kobe University have developed an exon-skipping therapy using antisense oligonucleotides to treat Alport Syndrome, a genetic kidney disease. The treatment was found to be effective in reducing urinary protein levels and suppressing kidney failure in model mice with severe mutations.
Scientists found rare codons at the beginning of a sequence do not enhance translation, contrary to previous hypotheses. However, additional start codons and specific sequences like Shine-Dalgarno boxes are beneficial for efficient translation.
The study found that an mRNA molecule's lifetime is correlated with the rate of protein synthesis, and a key protein complex plays a crucial role in this process. The researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to identify the molecular basis for the link between mRNA degradation and ribosomal efficiency.
Scientists at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered the unique structure and function of rotavirus VP3, a protein that integrates five enzymatic activities for capping mRNA. This breakthrough enables the design of antiviral drugs to counter rotavirus infection, which causes diarrhea in children worldwide.
Scientists identified a new control mechanism that enables stem cells to adapt their activity in emergency situations by modifying protein blueprints. Alternative polyadenylation regulates the amount of protein produced and controls protein isoform formation, affecting stability and localization.
Researchers have found that squid edit their genetic instructions outside the nucleus, in the axon, allowing for localized protein function adjustments. This discovery has implications for understanding neurological disorders and potentially harnessing natural RNA editing processes for therapeutic benefits.
Researchers found that changes in RNA splicing and protein Lark affect the production of messenger RNA, crucial for fighting gut infections. Genetic variants also modulate gene expression levels in response to infection.
Restoring p53 using synthetic mRNA nanoparticles delays the growth of lung and liver cancer cells and makes them susceptible to available cancer drugs. The approach may also make tumors more vulnerable to cancer drugs known as mTOR inhibitors.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University used a new sequencing method to identify a sea of previously invisible RNA molecules that may play a role in aging processes. The study found that these cyclic-phosphate containing RNAs (cP-RNAs) are abundantly expressed throughout the body and change in number as tissues age.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have made a breakthrough in identifying diseased beta cells in type 2 diabetes by uncovering the role of m6A mRNA methylation. The discovery has significant research and therapeutic implications, offering new insights into how the disease progresses.
Heather Pua, an assistant professor at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, has received a 2019 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director's New Innovator Award. She will investigate the role of extracellular RNAs in allergic airway inflammation, with potential implications for new therapies and diagnostics.
A biophysical study reveals that enzyme ABCE1 adopts multiple structural conformations during ribosome recycling, enabling it to dissociate ribosomal subunits. This process is crucial for the recycling of ribosomes after each round of translation.
Researchers at Uppsala University have elucidated the anatomy of a standby site and its requirements in bacterial protein synthesis. The study revealed that ribosomal protein S1 guides the ribosome to a single-stranded region and a short RNA hairpin, enabling translation through downstream RNA structure.
Scientists discover that UDP-glucose accelerates SNAI1 mRNA decay, impairing lung cancer metastasis. The study also uncovers how UDP-glucose converts to UDP-glucuronic acid, enhancing SNAI1 mRNA stability and promoting tumor cell migration.
A new study found that transfer RNA-derived fragments play a significant role in gene expression, differing by cancer type and sex of the patient. The mitochondrion is involved in these interactions, particularly with repetitive elements.
A new study led by Juana Díez has discovered a common regulator, Xrn1, that connects the three main stages of gene expression. This common coordinator prevents toxic aggregations in membrane proteins, ensuring the cell's robustness against genetic alterations.
Researchers found that active genes restrict DNA movement by organizing it into a network of interconnected domains. Chromatin becomes more mobile when gene transcription is inhibited or cells enter quiescence.
Researchers have created a new CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system that reduces off-target effects and improves gene editing efficiency. The 'hit and run' approach delivers Cas9 activity transiently, allowing for highly efficient genome editing while minimizing unwanted results.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism underlying the control of gene expression in all living organisms. Transcriptional pausing by RNA polymerase provides a 'roadblock' to help regulate gene expression levels, which could aid our understanding of antibacterial drugs and future synthetic gene design.
This study investigates the role of miRNAs in cardio-protective effects of halogenated anesthetics, a widely used cardiac surgery agent. The expression profile of miRNAs is modulated by perioperative administration of these anesthetics.
Researchers at MIT found a mysterious RNA buildup in neurons that increases with age, reducing protein production and potentially contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. The discovery was made using a novel technique that allowed them to isolate and sequence messenger RNA from specific types of cells.
A recent study discovered a genetic regulatory mechanism that controls the production of interferon beta, which causes inflammation and activates immune cells. Interfering with specific enzymes involved in RNA methylation may represent a new approach to treating autoimmune diseases.
A team of Université de Montreal researchers has visualized RNA molecule organization in cells using super-resolution microscopy. They found that messenger RNAs exist in multiple configurations, contradicting the long-standing model of a stable closed-loop conformation.
A study published in Nature reveals that the RNA modification m6A facilitates learning and memory in mice by promoting translation through the Ythdf1 reader protein. The researchers found that knockout mice showed significant deficits in spatial learning and fear memory, but these deficits were reversible upon re-expression of Ythdf1.
An international team of researchers has determined the function of a new family of proteins associated with cancer and autism. The study found that these proteins, including MCT-1 and DENR, play a crucial role in regulating protein production by acting as translation factors for uORF-containing mRNA.
Researchers created a mathematical model that captures cellular intent by analyzing mRNA changes over time. This approach helps analyze cell function, disease, and organ development, providing insights into treatment efficacy.
Researchers have developed a more sensitive single-cell RNA sequencing method, mcSCRB-seq, to analyze the functional state of individual cells. This technique provides a molecular fingerprint of each cell's mRNA population, revealing its protein-making capacity and gene regulation.
Researchers from University of North Carolina and University of Auckland have made a significant advance in resolving the mystery of genetic translation. Their analysis reveals previously hidden rules by which key translational molecules interact, suggesting that simpler ancestors of these molecules worked together at the dawn of life.
Researchers at Oregon State University developed a gated recurrent neural network to decipher RNA's connections to human health and disease. The model, called mRNN, outperformed existing methods in predicting protein-coding potential and identified special codons that indicate protein synthesis.
Biologists identify how mixed nucleotide tails in mRNA delay its shortening, acting as a shield against premature degradation. This discovery could bring new insights into gene regulation and potential RNA-based gene therapy methods.
Scientists found microRNA changes detectable in mice before symptoms of Alzheimer's disease appear. The study suggests microRNA-142 may be a key biomarker for the condition.
Researchers have discovered how messenger RNAs are transported out of the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes, a process that occurs in just a fraction of a second. The study also sheds light on how mutations affect protein stability and could lead to the design of therapeutic drugs for motor neuron diseases.
Researchers developed novel strategies to engineer more stable and active proteins, enhancing mRNA therapy potential. Sequence engineering improved protein expression, duration, and enzymatic activity in mice.
Researchers discover first mutation in EPO gene causing increased production of EPO hormone, leading to abnormally high red blood cell mass. The mutation reprograms a second mRNA in the EPO gene, resulting in biologically active EPO production and increased symptoms.
A recent study published in PNAS found that disrupted mRNA transport into axons leads to impaired nerve function and cell death, exacerbating conditions like ALS and spinal muscular atrophy. The researchers identified a noncoding RNA, 7SK, as playing a crucial role in these transport complexes.
Researchers discovered that small noncoding RNAs orchestrate the resilience of Haloarchaea to oxidative stress by degrading messenger RNA and silencing transposons. This finding could lead to a better understanding of how other species, like humans, resist damage from oxidative stress.
A protein called ZFP36L2 is essential for eggs to complete normal development and fertility. Female mice lacking this protein in their eggs are infertile due to a failure in global transcriptional silencing.
Researchers at MSU have discovered a molecular timer that regulates protein synthesis, preventing extra molecules from being produced. The mechanism uses stalling ribosomes to control protein production, which could help combat cancerous tumors.
Researchers at Osaka University discovered that Arid5a translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to inflammation, regulating IL-6 production. This finding offers potential therapeutic strategies for septic shock and autoimmune diseases.
Scientists have discovered that a gene crucial for learning, called Arc, can send its genetic material from one neuron to another by employing a strategy commonly used by viruses. This new process may allow the toxic proteins responsible for Alzheimer's disease to spread through the brain.
Researchers describe two poly(A)-binding proteins that protect mRNA from translation in malaria parasites. The non-nuclear protein accumulates on the surface of sporozoites, suggesting a role in interacting with outside RNA and facilitating transmission.
A recent study published in eLife found that a maternally inherited gene is essential for proper zebrafish embryonic development, and its absence leads to fatal defects. The research reveals the critical role of this gene in regulating cell signaling pathways, including Nodal signaling, which plays a key role in left-right patterning.
Researchers from Bielefeld University discover a protein called AtGRP7 that regulates daily cycles in plant cells. The study reveals the 'auxiliary clock' plays a crucial role in synchronizing cellular processes with environmental changes.
Researchers developed a new mouse model lacking the Upf3b gene to study its underlying role in intellectual disabilities and neurodevelopmental disorders. The study found that Upf3b-deficient mice exhibited defects in neural stem cell specialization, dendrite formation, and sensory processing.
Researchers discovered a chemical tag added to RNA during embryonic development regulates the early brain's growth. The study found that m6A-tagging is essential for proper brain cell development, with dysregulation linked to psychiatric disorders.
Researchers discovered that intestinal cells use a strategy to increase protein production within minutes of food entering the intestines, enabling fast and efficient processing. This approach has potential medical implications for diseases such as colitis, Crohn's disease, and bowel cancer.
A new study reveals that head-on collisions between protein machines on chromosomes can disrupt DNA replication and increase the frequency of genetic errors. These collisions promote mutations in key genes involved in coping with environmental stresses, which may help bacteria survive hostile environments.
Researchers have discovered a circular RNA, Cdr1as, that regulates microRNA levels and modulates synaptic responses in the brain. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of neural function and may hold potential for treating psychiatric diseases.
A dedicated transport system has been characterized that delivers specific mRNAs to active synapses, allowing for the modulation of synaptic junctions and enabling learning and memory. The key factor involved in this transport binds specifically to regions of its mRNA cargo lacking protein-coding information.
A study by Hiroshima University researchers has discovered that controlling the hoarding of genetic materials in the nucleus causes it to bulk up. The swelling is also enabled by regulating the transport of mRNA and proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, as well as lipid synthesis for nuclear membrane expansion.
Scientists have identified a group of seven genes that show distinct patterns of expression in patients with malaria, distinguishing it from other infectious diseases. This discovery could lead to the development of a fast and accurate blood test for malaria.
A Northwestern University study found that free-floating proteins can break up protein-DNA bonds at a single-binding site, disrupting gene expression. This discovery challenges previous beliefs about the stability of protein-DNA interactions and has implications for understanding biological processes in living cells.
A team from the University of Pennsylvania has demonstrated a new method to deliver safer and more cost-effective therapeutic antibodies using messenger RNAs. The technique involves injecting modified mRNAs into cells, which then produce the therapeutic proteins in a controlled manner.
A team of researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has discovered at least 47 possible start codons in DNA, which can trigger protein synthesis. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that only a small number of three-letter sequences in mRNA could initiate translation.