Articles tagged with Sulfates
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Researchers from China and the US analyzed five sulfur isotopes in aerosol, SO2, and coal samples to determine their sources. The study reveals that photochemical reactions in the stratosphere produce sulfate aerosols enriched with 33S, while biomass and fossil fuel combustion yield sulfates depleted in 36S.
A new study by the University of Washington shows that winter air pollution levels in the eastern US have remained high due to complex chemical processes, rather than reduced emissions. The study highlights the need for further emissions reductions to improve wintertime air quality.
Scientists have discovered a specific sulfate pattern on the cell's surface that allows misfolded tau protein to enter cells, leading to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Understanding this process could lead to new therapies to halt disease progression.
Geologists analyzed 135 Mississippi River water samples, revealing that 75% of sulfate comes from pyrite mineral rusting, a process enhanced by human activities. This finding highlights the magnitude of human impact on natural chemical cycles and potential effects on ocean acidification.
A dietary supplement commonly used to strengthen joints can also speed the growth of a type of melanoma, according to preclinical research. Chondroitin sulfate boosts growth in melanoma cells carrying the V600E mutation, but not other types, and may pose risks for people with elevated melanoma risk.
A group of molecules called chondroitin sulfate accumulates and causes inflammation in the hearts of patients with heart failure, leading to multi-organ failure. Researchers found that targeting these molecular nets may bring a fresh new treatment approach for patients with severe debilitating disease.
A team of researchers used wild rice as a 'canary in a coal mine' to discover sulfate's conversion into toxic sulfide, harming fish and ecosystems. Human activities like mining, sewage, and fertilizers release sulfate, which accelerates decomposition and increases mercury contamination.
Scientists at Bielefeld University confirm the presence of a previously unknown genetic defect 'MPS III-E' causing progressive blindness and inner ear hearing impairment in patients. Biochemical studies revealed that the disorder is caused by an enzyme deficiency, which can be treated with biotechnological enzyme replacement therapy.
Dr. Anand Puppala's patented sensor system uses an integrated moisture sensor and time domain reflectometry probe to detect soil heave in high sulfate soils, allowing for early detection and potential cost savings.
Researchers developed a method to trap phosphorus in holding ponds, reducing its release into waterways. Aluminum sulfate was found to be an effective and cost-friendly solution, with a 78-93% reduction in phosphorus levels.
Researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology found that elevated ammonia levels in Beijing have a relatively little impact on the acidity of pollutant particles. They suggest that sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide could be more significant contributors to extreme haze, which is linked to human health risks.
Researchers have identified a polysaccharide alginate from brown algae as a potential treatment for arthritis, slowing down cartilage degeneration and suppressing inflammatory reactions. Further research is needed to test the substance on animals and eventually humans.
Researchers found that ferrous sulfate increased hemoglobin concentration more than iron polysaccharide complex, and had a higher complete resolution of IDA. The study suggests once daily low-dose ferrous sulfate as a treatment option for children with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia.
A new study found that magnesium sulfate should be administered to obtain a blood level of 3.7-4.4 mg/dL at delivery to prevent cerebral palsy in extremely preterm infants. This tailored approach aims to optimize neuroprotection and reduce cerebral palsy incidence.
Researchers find pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate comparable to celecoxib in reducing pain and improving joint function; long-term treatment recommended for older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Effective and safe alternatives are needed due to risks associated with NSAIDs and paracetamol.
Researchers will study Chinese haze events and their sources using oxygen-isotopic compositions of sulfate and nitrate aerosols. The findings will aid development of air quality mitigation strategies in China.
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology found that oxygen isotopic compositions of sulfate and nitrate fluctuate seasonally, reflecting sunlight-driven changes in oxidation pathways. The study suggests that these fluctuations are not influenced by ozone variations.
A terahertz wave study in Beijing found that high PM2.5 concentrations were related to larger absorption at selected frequencies, and the information gained by EM was effective in relieving haze pollution. The study also identified differences in sulfate types during red alert periods compared to normal conditions.
Researchers have found that treating sulfate soils with magnesium-based additives can significantly improve their mechanical properties. The study showed that the treated materials exhibit greater resistances and dimensional stability compared to traditional lime-based applications.
Researchers found that brake dust particles can form a toxic aerosol when mixed with acidic sulfate in the air. The interaction can cause oxidative stress and increase the risk of adverse health effects. While electric cars may reduce tailpipe emissions, brake dust will remain a persistent source of pollution.
Researchers at GFZ found that magnesium sulfate dissolved in water separates less than expected above a pressure of 0.2 Gigapascal, leading to increased ion pairing. This anomaly is relevant for studying cold planetary bodies with deep oceans, potentially making their oceans saltier than thought.
New research reveals that ancient rocks can supply energy to microorganisms kilometers below Earth's surface through reactions between water and minerals. This discovery has significant implications for the search for life on Mars, where similar geological settings may support microbial life.
A team of scientists has discovered that sulfate in the ocean limited atmospheric methane to a tiny fraction, contradicting previous climate models. This finding suggests that oxygen levels were much lower than initially thought, and changed the way methane behaved in the atmosphere.
A new study reveals that Caenorhabditis elegans roundworms have the ability to produce chondroitin sulfate, a crucial carbohydrate molecule. This discovery opens up new avenues for research into early embryonic development and cell division processes.
A multicenter randomized study of 164 patients with knee osteoarthritis found no significant reduction in pain and function impairment from chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate therapy. The results suggest that additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of this combination for treating knee osteoarthritis.
A University of Illinois study reveals declining sulfur levels in agricultural areas, with negative balances in some watersheds and rivers. Farmers may need to apply sulfur fertilizer in the future, particularly on fields with less soil organic matter.
A new study reveals that copper sulfate, commonly used as a fungicide in agriculture, is lethal to the native Brazilian bee Friesella schrottkyi. Sublethal exposure also affects its behavior, highlighting concerns for growers and pollinator conservation.
Researchers found that despite declining sulfur emissions, the acidity of sulfate particles remains unchanged in the Southeast US. The neutralizing ammonia emitted from agriculture and other sources forms an equilibrium with sulfates, reducing its ability to neutralize their acidity.
A recent study found that approximately 43% of the S-equol in women's plasma is in two biologically active forms after ingestion. These findings suggest that these bioactive forms may contribute to the relief of menopausal symptoms, as reported in previous clinical trials.
Researchers reconstructed nearly 300 individual volcanic eruptions, revealing 15 of the 16 coldest summers between 500 BC and 1,000 AD followed large eruptions. The eruptions injected sulfate particles into the atmosphere, shielding the Earth from solar radiation and causing widespread summer cooling.
A new study reorders the timing of nearly 300 major volcanic eruptions worldwide and reveals their significant impact on global climate. The analysis resolves longstanding inconsistencies between historic atmospheric sulfate data and corresponding temperature data, shedding light on centuries of cold temperature extremes.
A new NIH study suggests that paramedics may be able to start therapy as soon as stroke is suspected, potentially reducing the impact of brain damage. The study demonstrated the feasibility of early therapy in the ambulance, with 74.3 percent of patients receiving a study intervention within 60 minutes of stroke onset.
The study finds that the Earth's ancient oceans held much lower concentrations of sulfate, a key biological nutrient, than previously recognized. This scarcity would have shaped the nature and evolution of early life on Earth, with implications for understanding the planet's early biosphere.
Researchers found evidence of ancient sulfur-dependent life forms in 2.5-billion-year-old rocks from Brazil, suggesting these organisms could have existed in shallow water environments with high sulfate concentrations. This discovery sheds light on the evolution of life on early Earth.
Two non-synthetic bed bug pesticides, EcoRaider and Bed Bug Patrol, showed promise in laboratory tests, killing over 90% of bed bugs. However, their effectiveness is likely to be much lower in real-world settings due to the difficulty of applying insecticides directly on hidden bed bugs.
A study found that antenatal magnesium sulfate treatment was not associated with improved outcomes in children born at less than 28 weeks' gestation. Despite its neuroprotective effects for preterm fetuses, the treatment had no long-term benefits on neurological, behavioral, growth, or functional outcomes.
Researchers at ETH Zurich conduct experiment to test salt's effect on building materials. They find supersaturation of salt solution is key factor in damage, with temperature playing a role. The study's findings could help conservators and restorers predict and mitigate salt damage.
A team of scientists has reconstructed annual records of volcanic sulfate emissions in the Southern Hemisphere for the past 2,000 years using ice cores from Antarctica. The new record reveals 116 individual volcanic events and provides a more accurate understanding of climate variability caused by powerful eruptions.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have identified a gene associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, a life-threatening birth defect. The discovery reveals the genetic root of the physical defect and offers potential routes for intervention.
A study by Jiang et al. found that baicalin inhibited colistin sulfate-induced neuronal apoptosis in PC12 cells by suppressing free radical injury, reducing caspase-3 activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Cell viability increased, and cell morphology improved.
Researchers found that zinc sprays at critical stages on apple trees increased zinc concentration, average fruit weight, and improved fruit firmness. Sugar alcohol zinc applications were more pronounced in improving fruit quality.
Researchers at the University of Leicester found that resveratrol can still be used in the body after it has been metabolized. The study shows that the chemical can be taken into cells and broken down into a more effective form, potentially leading to new cancer treatments.
New research reveals that sulfate aerosols form through an oxidation pathway involving transition metal ions, which may affect climate cooling estimates. This could lead to overestimated climate cooling effects in some regions.
Researchers investigate how surface-derived fluids can penetrate deep levels in Earth's crust, a challenge to widely accepted notions. They also explore the kill mechanism for a mass extinction event and the formation of hydrothermal base metal ore deposits. Additional studies focus on polar reversals, earthquakes, and archeological fi...
Researchers have discovered a 22-year record of atmospheric chemistry in Antarctic snow, revealing clear connections between oxygen anomalies and global El Nino events. This breakthrough enables the reconstruction of paleoclimate cycles, providing new insights into Earth's climate history.
Studies reveal ancient ocean diamonds, soil depletion drives early Holocene lake acidification, and modeling world's largest rivers to understand their diversity. Insects' colorful evolution also sheds light on environmental factors.
Scientists found that oxygen levels were extremely low on Earth 2.7 billion years ago, but also discovered microbes actively feeding on sulfate in the ocean during this period. The study provides new insight into ancient metal-ore deposits and their role in understanding early life evolution.
A team of researchers has made a groundbreaking discovery that challenges long-standing theories on marine methane oxidation. They found that a single microorganism, an archaeon, can perform both methane oxidation and sulfate respiration without the need for bacterial collaboration.
Researchers from the University of Toronto and University of California Santa Cruz discovered a link between massive gypsurn deposits and changes in seawater chemistry. This connection may have led to global cooling periods, such as during the Eocene epoch, and is supported by data from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program.
A team of researchers has identified a hereditary enzyme deficiency, MPS IIIE, which leads to cognitive decline and learning difficulties in mice. The discovery also sheds light on the role of heparan sulfate degradation in lysosomal storage disorders.
Researchers have discovered a global pattern in geochemical analysis that sheds light on the unusual preservation process of soft-bodied fossils found in the Burgess Shale. The team found that rapid burial in mud layers with low oxygen levels and the presence of calcium carbonate cement played a crucial role in conserving organic remains.
Fish release a 'scary stuff' signal when injured, containing chondroitin sulfate that alerts nearby fish to flee. This discovery provides insight into the nature of fear in fish.
New University of Washington research reveals that injecting sulfate particles into the stratosphere will only partially mitigate climate change. The study suggests that even with increased aerosols, regional warming and extreme weather events could still occur.
A team of UGA scientists has successfully determined the structure of a glycosaminoglycan proteoglycan for the first time, identifying key sites of sulfation and paving the way for future research on its role in diseases such as cancer.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a method to pinpoint the amount of methane hydrates trapped under the seabed using shallow core samples. The technique, which analyzes transition zones between methane and sulfate, can aid in selecting deep drilling sites for expensive exploratory drilling.
A clinical trial shows that chondroitin sulfate significantly decreases pain, improves hand function, and relieves morning stiffness in patients with osteoarthritis of the hand. The study found that 800 mg of chondroitin sulfate improved grip strength and reduced pain compared to a placebo group.
Researchers develop method to extract ammonium from liquid animal manure using gas-permeable membrane technology, removing 50% of dissolved ammonium in 20 days. The captured ammonia can be converted into ammonium sulfate fertilizer, potentially offsetting the cost of removal and mitigating environmental pollution.
Heparan sulfate on human cells modifies growth factor proteins' connection to cell surfaces. The structure and interaction of heparan sulfate chains with growth factors determine normal cell growth.
Scientists have identified heparan sulfate as a crucial molecule in the growth of lymphatic vessels that allow cancer cells to metastasize. By inhibiting heparan sulfate production, researchers may be able to develop new therapies to slow or stop cancer spread.
Sanfilippo disease is a rare metabolic disorder caused by the accumulation of complex carbohydrates in cells, leading to severe physical and neurological problems. Researchers at UC San Diego have identified a novel secondary metabolite, dermatan sulfate, as a potential biomarker for the disease.