Articles tagged with Water Molecules
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Penn State University have discovered a way to produce hydrogen by exposing aluminum clusters to water, leveraging their unique geometric structures. The process enables the production of hydrogen gas without heat or energy input, opening up new possibilities for clean energy applications.
Engineers at the University of Leeds developed a technique using infra-red spectroscopy to analyze chemical processes, enabling real-time monitoring of supersaturation levels required for crystallization. This can help predict optimum crystal structure conditions and improve pharmaceutical manufacturing efficiency.
Scientists at NIST have developed a new technique using terahertz spectroscopy to study biomolecules in water. The method uses nanoscale droplets of soap-like molecules called micelles, which provide an aqueous environment for the biomolecules to flex and bend while limiting water absorption.
Astronomers use gravitational lensing effect to magnify light from quasar MG J0414+0534, detecting water vapour at redshift 2.64, a time when the Universe was only a fifth of its current age
Scientists have found a way for ancient RNA molecules to fuse together naturally, forming larger fragments that can reach a biologically important size. This discovery could help explain how life emerged on Earth, with RNA molecules able to fold into functional shapes at around 100 bases long.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new membrane technology that separates oil from water, achieving 98% separation efficiency. The filter works by attracting water while repelling oil, making it suitable for environmental cleanup and industrial applications.
The study found that magnetized water exhibits magnetism, a saturation effect, and memory properties. New phenomena, such as irreversible infrared absorption and exponential UV absorption, were also discovered. These findings support the theory of magnetization of water proposed by Professor Pang Xiao-Feng.
Duke University chemists have developed a method to measure temperature changes inside the body with unprecedented precision by correcting a subtle error in MRI theory. This improvement enables accurate temperature mapping, which is essential for hyperthermia cancer therapy and other treatments.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered the physical mechanism behind rapid water transport in carbon nanotubes. By orienting water molecules, the researchers found that a coupling between rotational and translational motions occurs, resulting in a helical motion through the nanotube.
Researchers used terahertz absorption spectroscopy to study the motion of water molecules during protein folding. Water molecules change to a native-type arrangement much faster than the protein, helping establish its correct configuration. This 'designer fluid' plays a crucial role in life.
Researchers propose using oil and gas flare-off energy to release water from gypsum deposits, creating a vast source of clean drinking water. The process has been successfully tested and could solve the water shortage problem in dry areas, enabling irrigation and fertility improvement.
Scientists at Harvard University analyzed salt deposits in Martian rock and found that the water was more likely a thick brine with salinity exceeding terrestrial life's tolerance. The study suggests that even four billion years ago, Mars' surface would have been challenging for life.
A team at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has used near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements to study ion-protein interactions. The results support the Law of Matching Water Affinities, a proposed explanation for Hofmeister effects.
New research using atomic force microscopy reveals that liquids can respond to environmental changes by adjusting their viscosity. When confined to a nanometer-sized space and shaken, these liquids exhibit structural and mechanical properties similar to those in thicker layers.
Researchers have built a proto-prototype nano assembler, a microscopic device capable of constructing nano machines. The NIST system uses micro-scale nanomanipulators to assemble complex structures on a small scale, with the potential for real-time imaging and low-cost production.
Researchers at NIST developed a device that creates nanodroplets for studying individual proteins under conditions similar to those found in cells. This technique mimics the crowded environment of cells, allowing researchers to study protein dynamics and structural changes without interfering with or damaging the proteins.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have found that citric acid can control the clumping of buckyballs, forming sphere-shaped aggregates. However, the long-term implications of this finding are uncertain, with concerns about potential toxicity and environmental impact.
Researchers at Princeton University found a highly simplified model molecule that behaves in much the same way as water, challenging conventional wisdom. The discovery may have implications for industrial or pharmaceutical research.
Mathematicians at UC Davis and University of Wisconsin-Madison develop program to model snowflake growth, revealing complex structures and rare patterns. The model generates a wide range of natural snowflake shapes, including novel forms like the 'butterflake', which could appear in nature but would be fragile.
Swedish researchers used a computer to simulate ice melting after heating with a short light pulse. The simulation showed that the energy causes OH bonds to oscillate and eventually breaks bridging hydrogen bonds, leading to crystal collapse.
Researchers directly observed how water molecules link with proteins, enabling movement and function. The study challenges conventional wisdom and provides new insights into protein-water interactions.
A new plastic membrane with hourglass-shaped pores can separate carbon dioxide from methane at a faster rate than conventional membranes. This technology has potential to improve energy efficiency of water purification and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in natural gas processing.
Researchers have figured out how to train synthetic polymer molecules to self-assemble into long, multicompartment cylinders with potential applications in radiology and signal communication. The discovery, reported in Science, has the potential to provide sustained delivery of chemotherapy from a single injection.
Scientists have developed a breakthrough understanding of how individual water molecules come together to form ice crystals. This research provides unprecedented resolution and sheds light on the process of heterogeneous nucleation, essential for climate change models and cloud formation.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have created nanostructured membranes that can recognize and bind to diverse organic and inorganic molecules. These membranes adopt the properties of the guest molecules, enabling applications such as controlling ion flow through films.
Scientists have built an artificial version of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), which is crucial for generating energy in the body. The new model has shed light on the causes of cancer and may lead to breakthroughs in alternative energy production.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed a new method to simulate the hidden properties of water, resolving long-standing ambiguities in its structure and behavior. The study uses quantum mechanics to predict the properties of liquid water, opening up new avenues for understanding its applications in various fields.
A team of researchers from the University of Illinois and Argonne National Laboratory has confirmed a long-standing theoretical prediction about water's behavior on hydrophobic surfaces. They found a thin layer of depleted water at the interface, contradicting previous findings of nanobubbles.
Research by Jon Nelson suggests that smaller snowflakes may be less unique than previously thought, with tiny temperature changes influencing their diversity. The study of snowflakes has also shed light on their role in global climate change and ozone depletion, revealing a complex chemistry behind these winter wonders.
Complex organic molecules from natural organic matter fouls water purification and desalination facilities, creating bio-fouling layers. Researchers found that certain ions like calcium interact strongly with natural organic matter.
Researchers used a novel methodology and System X supercomputer to simulate the full range of DNA motions, revealing greater flexibility than expected. The study challenges the traditional view that DNA is hard to bend, suggesting it may not cost much energy to form protein-DNA complexes.
Scientists have engineered a molecular complex that can split water into hydrogen and oxygen using solar energy, providing an alternative to traditional electrolysis methods. This breakthrough could pave the way for more environmentally friendly production of hydrogen gas for use as a clean fuel source.
A team of scientists used high-energy X-rays to study the hydrophobic water gap, revealing its size and characteristics. The study provides new insights into protein folding and stability, which are crucial in biological systems.
Researchers analyzed data on consecutive earthquakes to find that seismic activity may affect a larger area than previously believed, potentially supporting long-range earthquake triggering. This phenomenon challenges the traditional view of earthquakes influencing only their immediate rupture zone.
Scientists have derived the precise structure of a catalyst composed of four manganese atoms and one calcium atom that drives water-splitting reactions. The high-resolution structure holds promise for developing clean energy technologies that rely on sunlight to split water, enabling the production of hydrogen fuel.
Researchers at Iowa State University are improving plastics made from corn and soy proteins by adding nanoclays and using high-powered ultrasonics. The goal is to create strong, biodegradable plastics with potential applications in packaging, disposable wraps, and other industries.
Researchers at Ohio State University have made a groundbreaking discovery on how water molecules interact with proteins, revealing that they slow down to connect with proteins. The study provides an early result in explaining essential biological functions like protein folding and enzyme catalysis.
Researchers have gained insights into a critical reaction that transforms guanine base into 8-oxo-guanine, leading to cancer development. The reaction involves sodium ions promoting bonding between water molecules and the guanine base.
The study reveals that water molecules trapped inside RNA enzymes form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules or parts of the molecule, creating a domino effect that modifies the structure elsewhere. This network-like behavior is essential for the enzyme's activity.
Scientists at NIST created 'hydrosomes,' tiny water droplets that naturally encapsulate biomolecules, allowing for easy manipulation and analysis. The technique enables the study of single molecule dynamics and may lead to the development of molecule-sorting devices for medical screening or biotechnology research.
Bioengineers Teresa Head-Gordon and Margaret Johnson analyzed x-ray data to determine the static structural organization of liquid water. Their study found that, on average, liquid water molecules form a tetrahedral network, contradicting previous claims of a 'rings and chains' model.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a method to visualize individual carbon nanotubes using standard optical microscopes and fluorescent dyes. The technique reveals the harmonic bending of nanotubes in liquids, providing insights into their behavior and potential applications in life sciences.
Researchers spin a molecular stick, creating a shock wave that destroys friction in the surrounding liquid, allowing it to rotate freely. The discovery challenges traditional models of liquid behavior and has significant implications for understanding chemical reactions.
A team of researchers, led by Giulia Galli at UC Davis, used a supercomputer to investigate the structure of liquid water. They found that water molecules may not cluster in tetrahedral groups as previously thought, but instead form rings and chains.
Researchers have successfully detected neutrons with energies typical of fusion reactions in a sonofusion experiment, eliminating earlier concerns about data accuracy. Meanwhile, water molecules have been found to form long, squirming filaments through electronic bonds, providing a clearer picture of their interactions.
Researchers discovered that a small cluster of water molecules can facilitate electron transfer between proteins, contrary to expectations. At intermediate distances, the water molecules play a crucial role in mediating electron tunneling, making it stronger than previously thought.
Mark A. Johnson, a Yale professor of physical chemistry, has been awarded the 2006 Earle K. Plyler Prize for Molecular Spectroscopy for his research on water's microscopic scale applications and solvation of protons and hydroxide anions.
Researchers found a single layer of water on a platinum surface is hydrophobic, repelling subsequent layers, contrary to previous assumptions about water molecule attachment points. The discovery challenges current theories and has implications for technological applications such as catalysis and corrosion.
A team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology discovered that the formation of capillary structures is thermally activated. By studying the frictional forces acting on an atomic force microscope tip, they found that reducing temperatures and moving surfaces quickly can reduce adhesion between nanoscale surfaces.
A recent study found that a single water molecule can catalytically enhance the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide at low temperatures. This breakthrough could lead to new channels of reactivity using polar molecules like water.
Researchers develop quantum algorithm to calculate molecular energy states with high accuracy, overcoming challenges in quantum chemistry. By using a relatively small number of qubits, they demonstrate the potential of quantum computers to solve complex problems that are currently unsolvable by classical supercomputers.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have discovered a new method to determine the orientation of surfactant molecules on water, providing insight into their role in environmental challenges. The study, led by Geri Richmond, has broad implications for understanding how these molecules function in practical applications.
Cornell researchers create hollow DNA buckyballs that can encapsulate drugs, study chemical reactions and have unique electronic properties. The structures, made from branched DNA-polystyrene hybrids, self-assemble into spheres about 400 nm in diameter.
Researchers at the Beckman Institute found that aquaporin channels are narrower for water than glycerol, allowing only water to pass. This discovery could lead to new drug targets for treating diseases related to impaired aquaporin function.
Researchers at Yale University have identified unique infrared laser spectrum signatures for free protons associated with one to three water molecules. The study reveals that the proton's vibrations are driven by changes in its hydration environment, leading to significant shifts in spectral signatures.
Scientists at Ohio State University have created a faster method to study the Earth's atmosphere by utilizing laboratory-based spectroscopy techniques. This new approach enables researchers to quickly identify and remove interference signals from molecules in gas systems, leading to more accurate measurements of atmospheric composition.
Researchers at Pitt University have found a way to transport charge using 'wet' electrons on metal oxide surfaces. This technology has the potential to produce clean fuel by splitting water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.
Loo aims to increase polyaniline's conductivity by up to 10-fold, enabling applications such as flexible electronics and implantable medical devices. Her process uses a polymeric acid molecule, which increases the material's ability to dissolve in water.
Researchers Jordi Faraudo and Fernando Bresme discover hydration force's origins in water interactions with electrostatically charged molecules. Understanding this force is crucial for biomedical research and the development of new drugs and biochemical processes.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab found that most liquid water molecules interact with only two other water molecules, contrary to the traditional picture of four hydrogen bonds per molecule. The study used a unique experimental technique and measured the energy required to distort hydrogen bonds in solid and liquid water.