Articles tagged with Water Molecules
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of scientists discovered that cloud seeds can pick up molecules even when they don't collide directly with the clusters. The finding has significant implications for understanding atmospheric chemistry processes such as ozone depletion.
A new method developed by UCLA life scientists can rapidly and reliably assess drought tolerance in plants for diverse species across ecosystems worldwide. The method is based on the turgor loss point and osmotic potential, allowing for fast estimates within 10 minutes per leaf.
Researchers studied the binding and activation of water molecules in the catalytic site of photosystem II, a key step in converting sunlight into chemical energy. The study provides new insights into the ultra-efficient energy conversion process in nature and could inform the development of more efficient solar-energy technologies.
A team of scientists at Duke University developed software to design molecules that block a protein-protein interaction key to cystic fibrosis. The best molecule increased CFTR activity by 12% in human cells with the disease mutation.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered that a protein can refold its structure in an environment devoid of water molecules. This finding has significant implications for the development of new industrial enzymes with hyper-thermal resistance.
Researchers developed a new model that predicts the flow of granular materials like sand, considering the size of individual grains. The model improves on existing continuum models by accounting for grain size effects, which were previously overlooked.
Scientists have discovered that water can float on oil under certain conditions, depending on the size of the droplet and type of oil. This finding has important potential applications in cleaning up oil spills.
Researchers at Georgia Tech discovered the importance of a hydrogen bonding water network in photosystem II, a critical step in photosynthesis. The study suggests that mimicking this process could provide new supplies of oxygen and hydrogen as a by-product of electricity production.
The Hadal Ecosystem Studies program will conduct detailed studies of life in major deep ocean trenches, comparing findings between trenches around the world. Researchers aim to unravel how organisms have evolved to survive in extreme environments.
Biophysicists have elucidated the switching mechanism of channelrhodopsin, a protein crucial for optogenetics. The research sheds light on how water molecules penetrate the cell membrane, enabling the protein to conduct ions. This breakthrough paves the way for more precise neurobiological applications.
The study reveals that water diffusion is unusually fast in nanochannels above 1nm, while below 1nm, fewer hydrogen bonds need to be broken, enabling macroscopic diffusion. This breakthrough may lead to innovative water desalination and filtration methods.
Researchers have found a habitat rich in halite and other hygroscopic compounds that attract limited moisture, allowing microorganisms to grow with food and water. The discovery has implications for the search for life on Mars, as similar environments have been found on the red planet.
Researchers at the University of Manchester discovered graphene oxide membranes that can selectively remove water while blocking other substances, potentially leading to new applications in filtration and separation
Researchers have accurately quantified molecular-scale interactions between gases and water molecules in gas hydrates. The study shows that hydrates can hold hydrogen at an optimal capacity of 5 weight-percent, meeting the Department of Energy standard.
Researchers at TUM develop process to build high-quality polymer networks with strong covalent bonds, resulting in stable and durable molecule carpets. The method eliminates weaving mistakes by correcting bad bonds during self-organization.
Researchers develop tiny Stirling engine with a plastic bead that performs work and runs with the same efficiency as a macroscopic heat engine under full load. Microscopic processes cause the machine to run rough due to collisions with surrounding water molecules.
Researchers create tube-shaped traps from bottle-brush molecules, capturing particles of specific sizes using negatively charged inner walls. The nanotubes can be used to separate large quantum dots from small ones or separate proteins by size and charge.
Researchers found that water changes its molecular structure to form 'intermediate ice' at -55 F, allowing it to remain liquid below the traditional freezing point. The discovery sheds light on atmospheric scientists' need to predict global climate patterns and how much solar radiation is absorbed by atmospheric water and ice.
Researchers have resolved a long-standing debate over water molecules at the air-water interface, finding strong hydrogen bonding between water pairs at the outermost surface. The study uses theoretical and experimental techniques to pinpoint the origin of water's unique surface properties.
Kidney damage allows detrimental enzymes to wreak havoc on fluid balance, causing protein in the urine, high cholesterol, and swelling. New insights reveal that plasminogen plays a role in activating the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), leading to excessive sodium absorption and water retention.
A novel alloy has been developed that can produce hydrogen fuel from sunlight using photoelectrochemical water splitting. The GaN-Sb alloy, made of inexpensive materials, functions as a catalyst in the process and can be reused indefinitely. This discovery could potentially have profound implications for the future of solar energy.
Researchers at Caltech used a novel method to calculate the dynamics of water molecules and found that entropy plays a crucial role in explaining why water spontaneously flows into carbon nanotubes. The team discovered three different reasons why water would flow freely into tubes, depending on diameter.
Researchers at Monell Chemical Senses Center discover a protein called Serca3 that terminates bitter taste signals by removing calcium from taste cells. This finding may help explain why some people are supersensitive to certain tastes and could lead to the development of medicines to minimize unpleasant side effects.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a method to use glucose meters for detecting multiple targets in various samples. Functional DNA sensors enable the detection of vital metabolites, contaminants, and disease markers in a simple, low-cost, and portable manner.
Researchers from RUB-Department of Biophysics elucidated the proton pump mechanism of a cell-membrane protein in atomic detail, revealing that protein-bound water molecules play a decisive role. A chain of only three water molecules is formed for just a few thousandths of a second to transfer protons into the interior of the protein.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology and Tel Aviv University discovered dielectron charging of water nano-droplets, where excess electrons form doubly negatively charged clusters. The study reveals a water-splitting process resulting in molecular hydrogen liberation and hydroxide anions formation.
Researchers found that only one-quarter of water molecules at the surface exhibit characteristics of both gas and liquid phases, allowing for new understanding of chemical reactions and atmospheric balance. The study provides a framework for investigating other interfaces, such as those in living cells.
A team of scientists led by Professor Gregory Jerkiewicz discovered that platinum develops a water-repelling layer when used in hydrogen reactions, enabling fast and efficient energy release. This breakthrough could lead to cheaper synthetic alternatives for sustainable devices.
Antifreeze proteins have been found to bind to ice crystals through a specific mechanism involving hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. This discovery may lead to the development of stronger, more versatile AFPs with commercial applications in various industries.
A Rice University lab has created a technique to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes in water using ruthenium complexes, keeping their unique properties intact. The new approach allows for the simultaneous addition of functionalities, advancing applications in imaging sensors, catalysis, and solar-activated hydrogen fuel cells.
A team of scientists reconstructed colonial US hydrology by integrating modern data with historical records, highlighting human activities' role in shaping watersheds. The study provides new insights into past water residence times and biogeochemistry, shedding light on diseases transmission.
A new study reconstructs America's colonial hydrology, revealing the integral role of water resources in shaping human settlement patterns. By integrating modern scientific data with historical records, researchers have gained insights into the evolution of watersheds and ecosystems.
A new study reveals that asteroid 65 Cybele contains water ice, challenging the earlier finding of organic molecules and water on asteroid 24 Themis. This discovery supports the theory that asteroids may have delivered water to Earth, potentially shaping our planet's formation.
Researchers at Caltech have developed a simple technique using graphene to visualize the structure of molecules at the atomic scale. The technique reveals new details about how water coats surfaces, including its structure and properties.
Astronomers discovered a cloud of hot water vapor around the old star IRC+10216 and suspected comets or dwarf planets were evaporating to produce it. However, Herschel's instruments revealed that ultraviolet light from surrounding stars is the actual source of the water, which forms closer to the star than comets can stably exist.
Biophysicists at Ruhr-University Bochum discovered a proton diode in proteins that allows protons to pass through cell membranes in one direction. Water molecules play a crucial role in this process, supporting the hypothesis that protein-bound water molecules are essential for protein function.
Researchers from Ruhr-University Bochum discovered a new mechanism of how Antarctic fish blood prevents freezing at temperatures as low as -1.8°C. The antifreeze glycoproteins work by perturbing the aqueous solvent over long distances, rather than forming a single molecular binding.
Researchers have described the effects of messengers on infrared spectroscopy of protonated water clusters, allowing for better interpretation of spectroscopic data. The study reveals unexpected interactions between messenger molecules and cluster structures, enabling more accurate analysis of molecular vibrations.
Scientists used a unique frequency comb system to detect minute traces of contaminant molecules in arsine gas, which can cause semiconductor defects. The technique offers a combination of speed, sensitivity, specificity, and broad frequency coverage.
JILA's technique uses infrared laser light to quickly and precisely heat 'nano bathtubs'—tiny sample containers—for microscopy studies of single molecules and nanoparticles. The new method enables fast, noncontact heating of very small samples, enabling new experiments with single molecules.
Researchers plan to use FAIR facility in Germany to expose water molecules to heavy ion beams, generating extreme pressure conditions similar to Neptune's core. This will allow scientists to observe 'superionic' state of water, a hybrid phase with oxygen lattice and hydrogen liquid.
Researchers found that amino acid residues form a barrier to help electron transfer by keeping water molecules away from the bridge, reducing the rate of transfer. This discovery provides fundamental insight into biochemical reactions and has potential applications in genetically modified organisms.
Queen's University biochemistry professor Zongchao Jia and post-doctoral student Jimin Zheng discovered a unique protein switch in bacteria, allowing them to adapt to low-nutrient environments. This breakthrough could lead to the development of molecules that can kill bacteria in water, reducing contamination risks.
Researchers used neutron beams and atomic-force microscopes to study the behavior of IPMC actuators, finding that water molecules play a major role in their actuation. The team's findings could lead to the development of more powerful and efficient materials for robotics and other applications.
A team of MIT researchers has developed a novel method to mimic photosynthesis by splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen atoms using modified viruses as biological scaffolding. This process can be powered directly by sunlight, skipping intermediate steps, and shows fourfold improvement in efficiency.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have discovered a way to make liquid flow vertically upward along a silicon surface, overcoming gravity's pull. By carving intricate patterns in silicon with high-powered laser bursts, they increase the attraction that water molecules feel toward it, allowing the liquid to rise on its own accord.
A team of researchers has discovered that kinesin proteins use a string of water molecules to harness the energy of ATP breakdown. This breakthrough reveals a critical role for water molecules in cellular function and may lead to novel drugs to combat diseases. The study provides a clearer picture of how cells function and flourishes.
Biologists have discovered plant enzymes that enable plants to respond more efficiently to elevated carbon dioxide levels. This discovery could lead to the development of drought-resistant crops with improved water efficiency. The research found that specific proteins called carbonic anhydrases play a crucial role in this process.
Scientists have successfully generated long chains of RNA molecules in water, shedding light on the earliest evolutionary steps in biological molecule formation. The study found that cyclic nucleotides can merge together to form polymers over 100 nucleotides long at temperatures similar to ancient Earth.
The Deep Impact spacecraft and Moon Mineralogy Mapper have found clear evidence of water on the lunar surface, which forms and dissipates each day. The data suggests that hydrogen ions from the sun interact with oxygen-rich minerals in lunar soil to produce water molecules.
Scientists at Brown University have found evidence of water molecules on the moon's surface, with up to 1,000 parts-per-million in lunar soil. This discovery could provide a mechanism for water to reach permanently shadowed craters, opening new avenues for lunar research.
Physicists at ETH Zurich have successfully manipulated molecules of hydrogen using electric fields, leveraging the shape of nanoscopic magnetic islands for control. This breakthrough enables new dimensions of control in magnetic device design and could revolutionize data storage.
Scientists use a unique instrument to probe the dynamics of ions in water, revealing that water zips around ions more than expected. The findings improve understanding of chemical interactions important in environmental and atmospheric sciences.
Researchers have made the crystal/liquid interface visible for the first time using tiny plastic balls to model states of matter. The study reveals a narrow region known as the 'zone of confusion' where the boundary between solid and liquid states fluctuates rapidly, contradicting previous theories.
Researchers at UNH found that sealcoat can contribute to high levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in waterways, posing a risk to aquatic life and potentially human health. The study showed significant increases in PAH concentrations in stormwater runoff from sealed parking lots compared to unsealed areas.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a new MRI signaling method that can visualize molecular changes inside the body, which may signal health problems such as cancer. This technique uses hyperpolarization to detect signals from molecules besides water, allowing for earlier diagnosis and treatment of various health conditions.
Chemists have visualized a chemical reaction that splits water into oxygen and hydrogen, improving our understanding of processes like hydrogen production and pollution cleanup. The discovery reveals that water can act as a catalyst, enabling the movement of adatoms on a metal oxide slab.
Researchers have developed a computer model that replicates the growth of snow crystals in rich three-dimensional detail. The model, which can generate all types of snowflakes, is significant because it helps scientists better understand and predict how snowflakes form in clouds.
Researchers found a new way to control water behavior by confining it to narrow spaces, leading to the discovery of an 'ice sandwich' phase consisting of mobile water between two layers of frozen water. This breakthrough could advance scientific endeavors in energy sources, pharmaceuticals, and self-cleaning surfaces.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham and the University of California, Berkeley have provided evidence for a new kind of sudden transition between liquid and solid glass. This transformation occurs when molecules are viewed in both space and time, guiding towards methods for producing stronger and longer-lasting glass.