Articles tagged with Water Molecules
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Researchers have developed a method to isolate and separate para and ortho water molecules, which differ in their nuclear spin states. This breakthrough could provide new insights into various phenomena, including the study of interstellar ice and protein structures.
Gold nanoparticles work as catalysts to speed chemical reactions despite being inert metals. Researchers have now fully understood the role of water in this process, revealing its crucial role as a co-catalyst for transforming carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide.
Researchers at UO and LBNL create self-assembling, synthetic proteins called peptoid nanosheets that mimic complex biological mechanisms. The new technique enables the production of versatile peptoid nanosheets for various applications.
Scientists at Kyoto University create porous coordination polymers (PCPs) with exterior surface grooves to repel water, allowing for stable gas storage and separation. The new materials demonstrate selectivity in isolating organic molecules from mixtures, overcoming a major drawback of traditional PCPs.
Researchers discovered that water formation in biofuel conversion slows key chemical reactions, forming an impurity that disrupts the process. The study provides scientific principles to speed up biofuel development, benefiting processes that produce biofuels from plants.
A multi-institutional team has resolved a long-unanswered question about how water interacts with metal oxides. The study reveals two dramatically different pictures of water-metal oxide reactions, one forming amorphous networks on smooth surfaces and the other creating structured domains on hydroxylated surfaces.
A team of researchers from Arizona State University has discovered a common mineral that can catalyze the breaking and making of carbon-hydrogen bonds in hydrothermal environments. This finding has significant implications for the Earth's deep carbon cycle, astrobiology, and Green Chemistry.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool have successfully extracted atoms of rare or dangerous elements such as radon from the air using a material called CC3. This new method has potential applications in industries like lighting, medicine, and nuclear waste clean-up.
Chemists have made a breakthrough in visualizing hydrogen bond interactions, which play a key role in biological molecules and pharmaceuticals. Using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy techniques, researchers directly observed the coordinated vibrations between hydrogen-bonded molecules.
Researchers have observed an ordered water monolayer on various solid surfaces at room temperature, contradicting the classical understanding of water's behavior. This phenomenon exhibits novel properties and affects surface characteristics, such as electrochemical property, wetting behavior, and friction.
Researchers at Umea University and Humboldt University found that graphite oxide layers increase in distance when exposed to water due to varying thickness. The discovery helps design new membrane types with adjustable permeation properties.
Researchers at Princeton University used a computer model to explore water as it freezes, finding that it can exist in two liquid phases of different densities. The dual nature of water could lead to better understanding of how it behaves at cold temperatures found in high-altitude clouds.
A Georgia Tech study finds that ultraviolet photons emitted by the sun cause H2O molecules to desorb or break apart on the lunar surface. The presence of useful amounts of water on the sunward side is unlikely due to high probability of removal through UV light absorption.
Scientists have successfully 'caged' water molecules to observe the change in orientation of hydrogen atoms, transforming water from one form to another. By cooling the trapped molecules, researchers can track the percentages of ortho and para isomers at different temperatures.
Berkeley Lab researchers found that hydroxyl groups from water bind to the surface of colloidal lead sulfide nanoparticles, explaining how they achieve balance of positive and negative ions. This discovery sheds light on the surface chemistry of nanocrystals and has implications for nanoparticle synthesis.
Water molecules were successfully trapped inside fullerene spheres (buckyballs) to study spin isomers, with 70-90% filled cages observed. The results show a second-order rate law in spin conversion, highlighting the importance of molecular interactions.
Researchers at EPFL used lasers to study how specific vibrations in a water molecule affect its ability to dissociate, enabling the optimization of theoretical models for water dissociation. This breakthrough can impact the design of future catalysts for industrial and commercial chemical reactions.
A team at The Scripps Research Institute has identified a long-sought protein called SWELL1 that regulates cell volume to prevent excessive swelling. The discovery solves a decades-old mystery of cell biology and may lead to new insights into diseases such as immune deficiency, stroke, and diabetes.
Chemists at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have completely analyzed the Terahertz spectrum of dissolved glycine in water, revealing its motion and disproving a long-standing theory. The study used spectroscopy and molecular-dynamics simulations to track the amino acid's movement in an aqueous solution.
Researchers discover that only 20-30% of water vapor molecules condense on a liquid surface, while the majority bounce away. The study's findings could lead to more efficient desalination membranes and fundamental understanding of fluid flow at the nanoscale.
Researchers found that water molecules in carbon nanotubes don't flow continuously but instead move intermittently, resulting in surprisingly high flow rates. This phenomenon resolves a long-standing issue in fluid dynamics and has potential industrial applications for desalination and other uses.
Researchers have discovered a type of liquid crystal that dissolves in water, holding potential for biomedical applications. When placed in water droplets and oil, the liquid crystals exhibit unique behavior, transforming water droplets into faceted gemstones.
Water in cells slows down in tight spaces between proteins, affecting binding sites for pharmaceuticals and disease progression. The findings provide insights into how proteins aggregate in diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers have developed a novel way to boil water in under a trillionth of a second, opening new paths for experiments with heated samples of biological relevance. The technique uses terahertz radiation to heat up small amounts of water by as much as 600 degrees Celsius.
Scientists at Rice University and MARUM developed a new computerized model to simulate the complex chemistry at the boundary layer, where quartz and water meet. The model accurately predicts dissolution rates, which could revolutionize engineering calculations related to building materials and radioactive waste storage.
A young star formed in the Milky Way galaxy underwent an explosive growth, becoming 100 times brighter than its current state within the past 100-1,000 years. This sudden increase was caused by a chemical reaction that enabled the formation of complex molecules like methanol.
Researchers aim to adapt photosynthesis for artificial use as an abundant source of renewable energy. They are using advanced spectroscopic techniques to describe the exact atomic-level mechanism of the oxygen-evolving complex through the remaining five S-states.
A team of biochemists and mathematicians developed a geometric model to predict how biological molecules interact with water, computing results up to 20 times faster. This approach may help identify new targets for treating human diseases.
Researchers at MIT have found a way to add genetically modified viruses to the production of nanowires, which can serve as one of a battery's electrodes. This increases the surface area, allowing for more efficient charging and discharging.
Researchers have discovered how Pseudomonas syringae bacteria use their ice-nucleating proteins to lock water molecules in place and form ice crystals. This process is triggered at warmer-than-normal temperatures, allowing the bacteria to invade plant tissues and seed clouds with precipitation.
At the nanoscale, water flows more like ketchup due to container material properties. Researchers found that hydrophilic materials increase water's effective viscosity, making it harder for molecules to move. This study could redefine fluid dynamics and impact designs of tiny mechanical systems.
A team led by chemist Richard Saykally and theorist David Prendergast has observed contact pairing between guanidinium cations in aqueous solution, governed by water-binding energy. This phenomenon challenges the long-held assumption that like charges repel, suggesting a new understanding of ion interactions in water.
Scientists confirm that impact synthesis of prebiotic material can yield life-building compounds, expanding the inventory of locations where life could potentially originate. The team found that icy bodies with similar compounds to those created by comet impacts may be present in the outer solar system.
Researchers found that molecules of precise size can zip through nanotubes five times faster than those of a different size. This discovery could be used to design better membranes for desalination and develop sensors capable of detecting specific contaminants in water.
A Danish experiment, SKY2, shows that cosmic rays enhance cloud condensation nuclei formation, contradicting conventional chemical theory. The study suggests a new chemistry process supplying extra molecules to keep clusters growing, boosting the theory of cosmic rays' direct involvement in weather and climate.
Researchers at the Institute of Physical Chemistry found that molecular motors generate only 3.5•10^-28 joule per rotation, a value ten million times lower than thermal motion energy. Despite low individual power, collective rotations can achieve higher energies, making it possible for these molecules to find practical applications.
Using a device that detects molecules in real-time, researchers can now observe biomolecule interactions in a sample of water. This technology has major implications for medicine, enabling scientists to study proteins, medicines, and cells with unprecedented precision.
Researchers have discovered that protein surface defects, called dehydrons, allow water molecules to become unstable and easily expelled. This finding provides a novel strategy for designing drug candidates that can dislodge these water molecules upon association with the protein.
Researchers at the University of Chicago have discovered that just 12 water molecules are responsible for the long recovery period of potassium channels. This finding has significant implications for understanding fundamental biology and designing pharmaceuticals.
Researchers analyze proton diffusion mechanism using theoretical calculations, finding that protons hop quickly between water molecules, followed by rest periods. The discovery may be relevant to enzymes and macromolecules, improving understanding of proton transfer in aqueous systems.
Researchers developed TAML activators to remove hazardous endocrine disruptors from water, testing their safety on zebrafish embryos. The study found that the molecules were non-toxic at typical concentrations but three out of seven showed impairment at higher doses.
Researchers at EPFL's LSU employed a world-unique setup to observe electron movement with unprecedented time-resolution. The study revealed that solvent configuration significantly affects electron departure, extending residence time up to 450 fsec.
Researchers discovered that glycans can order the random network of water molecules above them, creating clusters or layers. This effect may help synovial fluid lubricate joints and influence how receptors recognize glycan coats on cells.
Researchers use revolutionary techniques to observe hydrogen atoms in ice at unprecedented pressures, revealing two different mechanisms of dissociation. The findings could alter our understanding of energy science and have implications for studying planetary interiors.
Researchers developed a quantum Drude oscillator (QDO) that mimics the behavior of real water molecules, producing a realistic liquid with well-developed hydrogen bonds and other properties. The 'bottom up' approach has clear biological applications and potential for simulating other substances.
Researchers at Columbia University developed a technique to isolate a single water molecule inside a buckyball, enabling controlled transport of a nonpolar molecule through an external electric field. This method holds promise for effective ways to control drug delivery and assemble C60-based functional structures.
Active transporters in cells, which facilitate nutrient entry, have been found to be leaky and allow water to pass through. This discovery suggests a universal behavior among all active membrane transporters, with large structural changes causing leaks during movement of substrates.
Researchers at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology have successfully split water molecules at low temperatures, paving the way for sustainable hydrogen energy. The team's high-temperature thermochemical process can exponentially double hydrogen atoms, creating a sustainable amount of hydrogen regeneration.
Scientists at Georgia Institute of Technology explore an alternate theory for RNA origin, finding molecules that spontaneously assemble into gene-length linear stacks in water. The discovery suggests proto-RNA bases could have formed the first genetic material.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz confirmed the original tetrahedral model of water's molecular structure, attributing its unique features to hydrogen bonds between molecules. The findings resolve a controversy that emerged in 2004, which was later attributed to temporary fluctuations in the bond network.
Researchers at Brown University found that DNA molecules are more likely to be captured at or near an end than in the middle when pulled through a solid-state nanopore. The discovery is attributed to the application of polymer network theories, including Jell-O theory, which predicts more configurations with ends facing the pore.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab have identified a persistent error in computer simulations of molecular-scale motion, known as 'shadow work.' By accounting for this error, accurate calculations can be recovered. The research has implications for fields such as medical and biological research, new materials, and quantum mechanics.
Researchers found that fire-colored beetle antifreeze proteins protect against freezing temperatures through a combination of direct interaction with ice crystals and interactions via water molecules. This process, previously thought to occur only locally, also happens over longer distances due to the dynamics of water molecules.
Researchers found that as oil chains lengthened, the transformation occurred at lower temperatures. The team used Raman scattering and multivariate curve resolution to analyze water's subtle changes, finding a new structure when interacting with long-chain oils.
Researchers challenge a long-held hypothesis on water's surface charge, finding that intrinsic properties of water molecules are responsible. Using advanced techniques like nonlinear optics and light diffusion, scientists detect negative charges even in the absence of impurities.
Researchers have found a family of molecules that can delay or halt the freezing process by interacting with crystal surfaces, potentially leading to new methods for improving food storage and industrial products. The study's findings may also provide insights into how nature's own anti-freeze molecules work.
Researchers have found that graphene membranes contain tiny pores, allowing small molecules to pass through while blocking larger ones. This discovery opens up new possibilities for creating membranes that can filter microscopic contaminants from water or separate specific types of molecules from biological samples.
Researchers discovered two mechanisms that prevent neighboring membrane surfaces from sticking together due to hydration repulsion. The water molecules play a crucial role in maintaining the optimal distance between membranes.
Researchers have created a 'nanolaboratory' inside a hollow spherical C60 Buckminsterfullerene molecule, allowing them to study the quantum mechanical principles governing the motion of imprisoned hydrogen and water molecules. The experiments revealed wave-like behavior and 'quantum rattling' of the guest molecules within the C60.
Myoglobin's motion is essential for its biological function, and neutron scattering shows it can perform without water. This discovery makes proteins a viable material for new wound dressings or chemical gas sensors.