Articles tagged with Applied Physics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that the spread of scores across different sports, such as volleyball and snooker, follows a similar distribution. They also discovered that this phenomenon applies to other everyday phenomena, including human wealth and population distribution, governed by power laws and the Pareto principle.
The Met Office's new 'high-top' system better warns of severe winter conditions by accounting for sudden stratospheric warmings. This improved model predicted a cold start to the 2010/11 winter, which turned out to be the second-coldest in 350 years of records.
A research team at Intel Corp. has developed a long-lasting ultrahigh-density probe storage device by coating probe tips with a thin metal film, reducing wear and increasing the device's lifetime to over 8 kilometers. The device features an array of 5,000 ultrasharp probes that write tiny bits of memory as small as a few nanometers.
A team of researchers has developed a nanomechanical device that can weigh individual molecules, enabling biologists to study viruses and probe molecular machinery. The device uses vibrational modes to determine particle mass and position, opening doors for biomedical applications such as disease diagnosis and immune system monitoring.
Researchers Paul J Steinhardt and Luca Bindi found naturally occurring quasicrystal samples in far eastern Russia, strengthening the case that they arrived on Earth from outer space. The samples were brought to the area during the last glacial period, suggesting a meteorite hit around 15,000 years ago.
A group of Japanese scientists developed a model that predicts the success of movies at the box office by analyzing daily advertisement costs and word-of-mouth communication. The model was tested with 25 movies and showed promising results in predicting actual revenue.
A growing population faces challenges of feeding itself through cleaner and more efficient methods. Innovations in flameless cooking, such as the Oorja stove, offer promising solutions. Researchers are exploring new technologies to reduce costs and increase accessibility, aiming to generate 100W of electrical power from confined gas.
A team of American researchers has created an array of 25,000 individual invisibility cloaks that can slow down or stop light, creating a trapped rainbow. This technology enables 'spectroscopy on-a-chip' for detailed analysis of biological materials.
Quantitative research reveals that microtubules form and transport throughout the spindle, contradicting the pole-to-pole theory, shedding new light on cell division mechanics.
Researchers have predicted that a thin plate can be levitated using the Casimir force in certain circumstances. The repulsive force increases as the plate gets thinner, making it easier to lift, but experimental testing is needed to confirm the models.
The Titanic's sinking was attributed to a combination of structural deficiencies and the Gulf Stream's unusual alignment, weakening the ship's hull. Researchers found that non-uniform rivet composition and insertion contributed to the vessel's vulnerability.
Researchers found that only a few Canadian weather stations showed an earlier start date for the outdoor skating season, while most stations experienced a decrease in its length over the past half century. Climate change is projected to end outdoor skating in areas like British Columbia and Southern Alberta within decades.
A team of Italian and Swedish researchers has successfully transmitted two twisted radio waves across the waters of Venice, demonstrating a solution to the problem of radio frequency congestion. By twisting radio waves into fusilli pasta shapes, they were able to transmit multiple channels of information on the same frequency band.
Astronaut Drew Feustel recounts his experiences as a spacewalker on Endeavour's final mission to the International Space Station. He emphasizes the fragility of our planet's atmosphere and the need for protection.
The team's proof-of-concept motor utilizes carbon-based switches to activate artificial muscles, which then rotate a shaft without external electronics or hard metal parts. The device has the potential to open doors for softer, lighter electrostatic motors with applications in prosthetics and soft robots.
Researchers created an organic LED light with a warm white color near point A and high color stability by adjusting layer heights. The final OLED has improved performance compared to traditional incandescent bulbs.
Researchers from the University of Manchester have discovered that commercially available graphite crystals contain micron-sized clusters of predominantly iron, which explain their weak signs of magnetism. This finding could be a breakthrough for utilising graphite as a bio-compatible magnet for medicine and biology.
A professor of physics, internationally renowned composer, and award-winning violinist create a series of classical compositions inspired by particle physics. The 'Particle Partitas' showcase the connection between subatomic particles and music, with a debut set to take place in the UK.
Researchers demonstrate longest-ever deployment of a quantum key distribution network, showing its robustness and reliability when coupled with real-time telecommunications. The SwissQuantum network ran for over 21 months, outperforming traditional encryption methods.
Researchers found an inverse correlation between mercury exposure and antioxidant status in Alaskan huskies, suggesting potential health risks for indigenous communities. The study highlights the need for monitoring and reducing mercury generation, particularly from coal-generated power plants.
EPL has published its first paper submitted from space, detailing experiments conducted on the International Space Station by German and Russian researchers. The study reports on the measurement of the speed of sound within complex plasmas under microgravity conditions, providing new insights into material properties.
Researchers have created thin, flexible sheets of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using a low-cost 'roll-to-roll' printing process. This technology could revolutionize lighting by being used for everything from home and office tiles to windows that simulate sunrise and sunset.
A study published in Bioinspiration & Biomimetics found that flapping wings on robots increased running speeds and climbing abilities. Researchers believe this suggests tree-dwelling animals may have evolved first, with gliding ability as a precursor to flight.
The new Institute for Quantum Information and Matter will bring together physicists and computer scientists to study exotic quantum states and push theoretical boundaries. The center aims to make advances in basic physics and develop materials with remarkable properties.
Scientists have created an 'antimagnet', which can protect pacemakers and other medical devices from strong MRI signals. The device uses superconducting materials and metamaterials to control magnetic fields, making it undetectable.
Researchers created a simulator of a collapsed building to test portable sensors that use human metabolites, detecting carbon dioxide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds. The study's findings hold promise for improving detection systems in disaster scenarios.
Researchers used a statistical model to estimate that 50,000 people carried the Korean family name Kim in 500 AD. This suggests stability in Korean culture over the past 1500 years, despite population growth and social changes.
Researchers have developed a computation to predict gene migration patterns and their impact on disease spread. The study applies mathematical tools to represent migration patterns, providing insights into the spread of beneficial genes through populations.
A new study suggests that vertebrate jaws evolved relatively early, around 420 million years ago, and that the diversity of feeding mechanisms in these early animals had little impact on jawless fishes. The researchers used physics and engineering concepts to analyze the potential feeding functions of early vertebrate jaw designs.
New research predicts that UK winters will become colder due to low solar activity, with a 10% chance of returning to Maunder minimum conditions within 50 years. This could lead to an average winter temperature below 2.5°C, with implications for national infrastructure planning.
Researchers have developed a new, non-invasive breath test to detect vitamin B12 deficiency, a growing public health problem. The test measures the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled after administering propionate, which is broken down by vitamin B12 in the body.
A new study published in Environmental Research Letters found that virtual water transfers are unlikely to equalize water use among nations due to existing inequalities. The researchers concluded that the current amount of virtual water is insufficient to overcome these constraints.
A team of French researchers has discovered a method to double the areal density of information by stacking magnetic media in a three-dimensional tower structure. This innovative approach enables greater data storage capacity, overcoming physical limits imposed by current technology.
Applied physicists found that migrating tissues exhibit similar behavior to colloidal glass, with cells flowing like a liquid until they reach a certain density threshold. This finding has significant implications for biological processes, including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and embryonic development.
Researchers developed a method to generate spin current in graphene using ferromagnetic proximity effect and adiabatic quantum pumping. This breakthrough could lead to faster and more versatile electronics, replacing traditional devices one day.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed a technique to probe the temperature rise in the vicinity of RF-actuated nanoparticles. The study found that the measured temperature rise was consistent regardless of whether the sensors were mixed with or covalently bonded to the nanoparticles.
University of Maryland researchers developed a scheme to detect concealed radioactive material without searching containers one by one. The concept uses gamma-ray emission from the material ionizing the surrounding air, facilitated by high-power, coherent terahertz or infrared radiation.
A study on single-molecule magnets may lead to breakthroughs in molecular spintronics, a field combining electronics with spin manipulation. Researchers have better understood the inner level structure of these tiny magnets, which could enable practical applications for quantum computation and information storage.
A group led by Takhee Lee demonstrated an optimal combination of materials and processing for a resistive memory circuit design. The scientists showed that exposing the contacts to an oxygen plasma improved the on/off signal ratio more than 10-fold, enabling high-performance memory devices.
Researchers have successfully made tiny high-frequency capacitors using a complex mineral, paving the way for high-frequency microwave applications. The capacitors, made from barium strontium titanate, exhibited excellent microwave properties up to 40 GHz.
Researchers used transmission electron microscopy to study the effects of increasing hydrogen concentrations on iron metal catalysts. They found that too much hydrogen causes fibers with thick walls, instead of nanotubes, or no growth at all.
Researchers have developed tiny devices that convert waste heat into electricity using pyroelectric nanowires. The devices can generate an electrical current in response to temperature changes, offering a potential solution for powering small devices and biological applications.
Scientists have made significant progress toward creating ultra-high-density storage devices capable of storing more than 6,000 Terabits of data on a single disc. Using laser-assisted ultrafast magnetization reversal dynamics, researchers achieved sub-nanosecond recording times.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield discovered that certain doped-oxide ceramics exhibit non-Ohmic behavior, with electrical resistance changing in response to voltage. The effect is consistent regardless of temperature or atmosphere, but time and final-state resistance are temperature-dependent.
Chinese scientists have developed a new cell design that uses an electric field to flip magnetization, resulting in faster and more energy-efficient magnetic memories. The design offers great potential for data storage and logic gates with ultra-low power consumption.
Scientists have developed a novel method for creating atmospheric pressure plasma jets using grounded electrodes, which differ from conventional applications. This breakthrough increases operator safety and enables the creation of jets at lower voltages, opening up new possibilities for biomedical applications.
Thin films of europium titanate become both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic when stretched across a substrate, displaying electrical properties 1,000 times better than existing materials. This breakthrough could lead to the development of next-generation memory storage, magnetic sensors, and highly tunable microwave devices.
Scientists at Tohoku University have recorded data at a world-record density of 4 trillion bits per square inch using the ferroelectric data storage method. This density is eight times that of today's most advanced magnetic hard-disk drives.
A team of Hong Kong researchers has demonstrated that burying a layer of silver nanoparticles improves the performance of organic electronic devices. The finding is significant as it suggests a simple and cost-effective way to enhance transistor performance.
Researchers design and characterize a field-switchable nanomagnetic atom mirror, which can manipulate atoms by applying magnetic fields. The technology could be applied to devices that trap and confine atoms, potentially leading to breakthroughs in quantum computing.
Researchers at Taiwan's National Chiao Tung University have made a discovery that opens the door to building electronic components like diodes on various substrates, including plastic, paper, and fabric. They developed a new method to improve the rectification efficiency of oxide diodes by forming nanoscale current paths in oxides.
Researchers propose a mechanism for reducing 'roughening' in pSiCOH materials etched in fluorocarbon plasmas. The findings could help overcome scaling challenges in integrated circuit manufacturing.
Researchers at the Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics have made a breakthrough in developing diamond nitrogen vacancy materials for room-temperature quantum computing. The team's discovery could lead to significant advances in condensed matter physics, quantum information science, and diamond making technology.
Researchers have discovered a diamond-like material BC5 with exceptional hardness and resistance to fracture, as well as superconducting properties. The material's unique structure and properties make it suitable for designing new superconducting nano-electromechanical systems and high-pressure devices.
Scientists have developed a stable, rewritable memory device that exploits liquid crystal properties to store and erase data. The device uses anchoring transition and is bi-stable, retaining its orientation without needing power.
A new technique enables large-scale production of high-quality graphene at room temperature using a molecular wedge, resulting in undamaged graphene dispersed in water. The researchers used the graphene to build chemical sensors and ultracapacitors with high-performance applications in environmental sensing and energy storage.
Plant leaves can be studied using ultrasound in a quick and simple way, revealing properties such as thickness, density, and water content. This method allows for non-contact analysis of leaves, which is useful for diagnosing agricultural and natural systems.
A new system identifies common patterns in song versions, allowing for the analysis of musical similarities and potential applications in various fields. The technique, appearing in New Journal of Physics, uses mathematical equations to quantify cross recurrences between two songs.
The NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System has awarded a $1.9 million grant to the University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory to develop ocean observing systems in the Pacific Northwest. The project will enhance data access and inform decision-making on safety, economy, and environmental protection.
Researchers at Yale University have successfully created a rudimentary solid-state quantum processor, performing simple algorithms like a search and demonstrating quantum information processing with a solid-state device for the first time. The team's achievement marks a significant step towards building a practical quantum computer.