Articles tagged with Applied Physics
Researchers at MIT and Boston University discovered that sparsely packed textures on surfaces can hold droplets in place, enabling cooling. This breakthrough has the potential to increase cooling efficiency gains in industries such as nuclear power plants, semiconductors, and electronics.
Researchers have created a method for producing high-quality aluminum nitride (AlN) layers with atomic-scale thickness and at half the temperature of other methods. This breakthrough expands the potential for new advanced specialty materials in next-generation electronics.
Researchers create cleanest graphene by making electrical contact only along its 1D edge and using a contamination-free assembly technique. This results in improved performance, including high electron mobility and low sheet resistivity, making it suitable for electronic devices.
A novel design uses a magnetoelastic biosensor and surface-scanning coil detector to detect Salmonella on food surfaces, enabling real-time testing of food and processing plant equipment. This handheld device can be used in agricultural fields or processing plants to quickly identify contaminated surfaces.
Researchers have developed a novel plasma actuator with serpentine geometry that can manipulate fluid flows in new ways. Early results suggest this technology could improve transportation efficiencies by reducing drag, noise, and fuel costs.
Researchers developed a new photodiode that can detect the entire range of UVC light while remaining insensitive to visible light from the sun. This device is solar blind and has minimal dark current, making it useful for tracking ozone depletion and communication in space.
Researchers from Cambridge University have devised a simple technique to grow carbon nanotubes at five times higher density than previous methods, enabling the potential replacement of metal electronic components in devices such as batteries and spacecraft.
A new, environmentally-friendly electronic alloy consisting of 50 aluminum atoms bound to 50 atoms of antimony may be promising for building next-generation 'phase-change' memory devices. The material has high thermal stability and can store three bits of data in a single memory cell.
Researchers developed a new technique to produce thin films of germanium crystals without high temperatures or other crystals as seeds. This allows for the production of large-area germanium films, opening new ways to create advanced flexible electronics.
A team of researchers has designed a high-tech microplasma source that can efficiently analyze carbon isotopes in organic samples. This breakthrough device may transform field archaeology by providing new information during excavation decision-making processes.
A team of researchers at Bangor University has made significant discoveries on the behavior of polyethylene in conducting electrical charges. The study reveals that the nano-scale structure of polyethylene, with crystalline regions separated by amorphous zones, plays a crucial role in charge conduction.
A Korean team of mechanical engineers has created a novel nanoscale biosensing technique to detect uniform heat signatures from individual cells. This innovation allows for the measurement of cell viability and may lead to early diagnosis of diseases like cancer based on differences in thermal properties.
A study found that extreme rainfall in the UK is expected to shift later in the year, especially in the south-east, where it will peak in autumn. This could lead to an increased risk of flooding, particularly when river catchments are at their maximum water capacity.
Researchers have provided a mathematical formula to describe the processes that dictate how cauliflower-like patterns form and develop. The formula was derived from thin films grown using chemical vapour deposition, which successfully predicted the final cauliflower-like patterns by comparing them to actual plants.
Research finds climate scepticism prevalent in UK and US newspapers, with opinion pieces often unchallenged. The study analyzed over 2,064 articles from six countries during two periods, including the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report, and found a significant presence of sceptical voices in these nations.
Researchers found that the spread of scores across different sports, such as volleyball and snooker, follows a similar distribution. They also discovered that this phenomenon applies to other everyday phenomena, including human wealth and population distribution, governed by power laws and the Pareto principle.
The Met Office's new 'high-top' system better warns of severe winter conditions by accounting for sudden stratospheric warmings. This improved model predicted a cold start to the 2010/11 winter, which turned out to be the second-coldest in 350 years of records.
A research team at Intel Corp. has developed a long-lasting ultrahigh-density probe storage device by coating probe tips with a thin metal film, reducing wear and increasing the device's lifetime to over 8 kilometers. The device features an array of 5,000 ultrasharp probes that write tiny bits of memory as small as a few nanometers.
A team of researchers has developed a nanomechanical device that can weigh individual molecules, enabling biologists to study viruses and probe molecular machinery. The device uses vibrational modes to determine particle mass and position, opening doors for biomedical applications such as disease diagnosis and immune system monitoring.
Researchers Paul J Steinhardt and Luca Bindi found naturally occurring quasicrystal samples in far eastern Russia, strengthening the case that they arrived on Earth from outer space. The samples were brought to the area during the last glacial period, suggesting a meteorite hit around 15,000 years ago.
A group of Japanese scientists developed a model that predicts the success of movies at the box office by analyzing daily advertisement costs and word-of-mouth communication. The model was tested with 25 movies and showed promising results in predicting actual revenue.
A growing population faces challenges of feeding itself through cleaner and more efficient methods. Innovations in flameless cooking, such as the Oorja stove, offer promising solutions. Researchers are exploring new technologies to reduce costs and increase accessibility, aiming to generate 100W of electrical power from confined gas.
A team of American researchers has created an array of 25,000 individual invisibility cloaks that can slow down or stop light, creating a trapped rainbow. This technology enables 'spectroscopy on-a-chip' for detailed analysis of biological materials.
Quantitative research reveals that microtubules form and transport throughout the spindle, contradicting the pole-to-pole theory, shedding new light on cell division mechanics.
Researchers have predicted that a thin plate can be levitated using the Casimir force in certain circumstances. The repulsive force increases as the plate gets thinner, making it easier to lift, but experimental testing is needed to confirm the models.
The Titanic's sinking was attributed to a combination of structural deficiencies and the Gulf Stream's unusual alignment, weakening the ship's hull. Researchers found that non-uniform rivet composition and insertion contributed to the vessel's vulnerability.
Researchers found that only a few Canadian weather stations showed an earlier start date for the outdoor skating season, while most stations experienced a decrease in its length over the past half century. Climate change is projected to end outdoor skating in areas like British Columbia and Southern Alberta within decades.
A team of Italian and Swedish researchers has successfully transmitted two twisted radio waves across the waters of Venice, demonstrating a solution to the problem of radio frequency congestion. By twisting radio waves into fusilli pasta shapes, they were able to transmit multiple channels of information on the same frequency band.
Astronaut Drew Feustel recounts his experiences as a spacewalker on Endeavour's final mission to the International Space Station. He emphasizes the fragility of our planet's atmosphere and the need for protection.
The team's proof-of-concept motor utilizes carbon-based switches to activate artificial muscles, which then rotate a shaft without external electronics or hard metal parts. The device has the potential to open doors for softer, lighter electrostatic motors with applications in prosthetics and soft robots.
Researchers created an organic LED light with a warm white color near point A and high color stability by adjusting layer heights. The final OLED has improved performance compared to traditional incandescent bulbs.
Researchers from the University of Manchester have discovered that commercially available graphite crystals contain micron-sized clusters of predominantly iron, which explain their weak signs of magnetism. This finding could be a breakthrough for utilising graphite as a bio-compatible magnet for medicine and biology.
A professor of physics, internationally renowned composer, and award-winning violinist create a series of classical compositions inspired by particle physics. The 'Particle Partitas' showcase the connection between subatomic particles and music, with a debut set to take place in the UK.
Researchers demonstrate longest-ever deployment of a quantum key distribution network, showing its robustness and reliability when coupled with real-time telecommunications. The SwissQuantum network ran for over 21 months, outperforming traditional encryption methods.
Researchers found an inverse correlation between mercury exposure and antioxidant status in Alaskan huskies, suggesting potential health risks for indigenous communities. The study highlights the need for monitoring and reducing mercury generation, particularly from coal-generated power plants.
EPL has published its first paper submitted from space, detailing experiments conducted on the International Space Station by German and Russian researchers. The study reports on the measurement of the speed of sound within complex plasmas under microgravity conditions, providing new insights into material properties.
Researchers have created thin, flexible sheets of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using a low-cost 'roll-to-roll' printing process. This technology could revolutionize lighting by being used for everything from home and office tiles to windows that simulate sunrise and sunset.
A study published in Bioinspiration & Biomimetics found that flapping wings on robots increased running speeds and climbing abilities. Researchers believe this suggests tree-dwelling animals may have evolved first, with gliding ability as a precursor to flight.
The new Institute for Quantum Information and Matter will bring together physicists and computer scientists to study exotic quantum states and push theoretical boundaries. The center aims to make advances in basic physics and develop materials with remarkable properties.
Scientists have created an 'antimagnet', which can protect pacemakers and other medical devices from strong MRI signals. The device uses superconducting materials and metamaterials to control magnetic fields, making it undetectable.
Researchers created a simulator of a collapsed building to test portable sensors that use human metabolites, detecting carbon dioxide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds. The study's findings hold promise for improving detection systems in disaster scenarios.
Researchers used a statistical model to estimate that 50,000 people carried the Korean family name Kim in 500 AD. This suggests stability in Korean culture over the past 1500 years, despite population growth and social changes.
Researchers have developed a computation to predict gene migration patterns and their impact on disease spread. The study applies mathematical tools to represent migration patterns, providing insights into the spread of beneficial genes through populations.
A new study suggests that vertebrate jaws evolved relatively early, around 420 million years ago, and that the diversity of feeding mechanisms in these early animals had little impact on jawless fishes. The researchers used physics and engineering concepts to analyze the potential feeding functions of early vertebrate jaw designs.
New research predicts that UK winters will become colder due to low solar activity, with a 10% chance of returning to Maunder minimum conditions within 50 years. This could lead to an average winter temperature below 2.5°C, with implications for national infrastructure planning.
Researchers have developed a new, non-invasive breath test to detect vitamin B12 deficiency, a growing public health problem. The test measures the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled after administering propionate, which is broken down by vitamin B12 in the body.
A new study published in Environmental Research Letters found that virtual water transfers are unlikely to equalize water use among nations due to existing inequalities. The researchers concluded that the current amount of virtual water is insufficient to overcome these constraints.
A team of French researchers has discovered a method to double the areal density of information by stacking magnetic media in a three-dimensional tower structure. This innovative approach enables greater data storage capacity, overcoming physical limits imposed by current technology.
Applied physicists found that migrating tissues exhibit similar behavior to colloidal glass, with cells flowing like a liquid until they reach a certain density threshold. This finding has significant implications for biological processes, including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and embryonic development.
Researchers developed a method to generate spin current in graphene using ferromagnetic proximity effect and adiabatic quantum pumping. This breakthrough could lead to faster and more versatile electronics, replacing traditional devices one day.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed a technique to probe the temperature rise in the vicinity of RF-actuated nanoparticles. The study found that the measured temperature rise was consistent regardless of whether the sensors were mixed with or covalently bonded to the nanoparticles.
University of Maryland researchers developed a scheme to detect concealed radioactive material without searching containers one by one. The concept uses gamma-ray emission from the material ionizing the surrounding air, facilitated by high-power, coherent terahertz or infrared radiation.
A group led by Takhee Lee demonstrated an optimal combination of materials and processing for a resistive memory circuit design. The scientists showed that exposing the contacts to an oxygen plasma improved the on/off signal ratio more than 10-fold, enabling high-performance memory devices.
A study on single-molecule magnets may lead to breakthroughs in molecular spintronics, a field combining electronics with spin manipulation. Researchers have better understood the inner level structure of these tiny magnets, which could enable practical applications for quantum computation and information storage.
Researchers used transmission electron microscopy to study the effects of increasing hydrogen concentrations on iron metal catalysts. They found that too much hydrogen causes fibers with thick walls, instead of nanotubes, or no growth at all.
Researchers have successfully made tiny high-frequency capacitors using a complex mineral, paving the way for high-frequency microwave applications. The capacitors, made from barium strontium titanate, exhibited excellent microwave properties up to 40 GHz.
Researchers have developed tiny devices that convert waste heat into electricity using pyroelectric nanowires. The devices can generate an electrical current in response to temperature changes, offering a potential solution for powering small devices and biological applications.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield discovered that certain doped-oxide ceramics exhibit non-Ohmic behavior, with electrical resistance changing in response to voltage. The effect is consistent regardless of temperature or atmosphere, but time and final-state resistance are temperature-dependent.
Scientists have made significant progress toward creating ultra-high-density storage devices capable of storing more than 6,000 Terabits of data on a single disc. Using laser-assisted ultrafast magnetization reversal dynamics, researchers achieved sub-nanosecond recording times.
Chinese scientists have developed a new cell design that uses an electric field to flip magnetization, resulting in faster and more energy-efficient magnetic memories. The design offers great potential for data storage and logic gates with ultra-low power consumption.