Articles tagged with Applied Physics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers present a new 'ionocaloric' refrigeration system that leverages phase transitions to drive reversible cooling cycles, offering a promising alternative to traditional hydrofluorocarbon-based systems. The system shows high efficiency and potential environmental benefits.
A new method bridges the quantum and classical worlds, enabling interaction-free detection of microwave pulses with a superconducting circuit. This breakthrough demonstrates genuine quantum advantage using a simpler setup, with potential applications in quantum computing, optical imaging, and cryptographic key distribution.
University of Houston researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery in cubic boron arsenide, demonstrating exceptional high carrier mobility. This finding has significant implications for the development of efficient semiconductors, with potential applications in various electronic and optical fields.
Researchers compared two semiconductor simulation tools and found that the Fermi kinetics transport solver outperforms a commercial hydrodynamics software package in modeling electronic heat flow and electron temperature, particularly in high-speed applications. The custom-developed code converges faster and provides more consistent re...
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba have developed an optoelectronic resonator that enhances the sensitivity of an electron pulse detector, allowing for ultrafast electronic characterization of proteins or materials. This breakthrough may aid in the study of biomolecules and industrial materials.
Researchers have developed a new X-ray technology that visualizes lung tissue microstructure, providing additional information for accurate diagnosis. Dark-field X-ray images can differentiate between diseased and healthy lung tissue, potentially replacing computed tomography (CT) for repeated examinations.
Researchers developed a 3-in-1 microscope that combines light, electron and ion beams to precisely cut out specific slices from biological samples. This allows for more accurate biomolecular research into new medicines.
Researchers at Chalmers University have developed an optical hydrogen sensor that can detect extremely low levels of hydrogen, allowing for early detection and alarm. The sensor uses AI technology to optimize particle arrangement and geometry, achieving sensitivity in the parts per billion range.
Materials like graphene can withstand charged ions, while others form nano-sized pores when hit. The researchers developed a model to predict this behavior, which could be used to create tailored membranes with specific nanopores.
A University of South Australia physicist has solved the long-standing mystery of lightning's zig-zag pattern and dark electric column. The breakthrough explains how singlet-delta metastable oxygen molecules create these steps.
Scientists at Tokyo Tech developed an electrostatic actuator capable of generating forces comparable to human muscles, but with lower voltage requirements. The device uses ferroelectric liquid crystals and a 3D-printed electrode to produce contraction and expansion at low voltages.
Scientists at Quaise Energy are developing a new technology using millimeter waves to blast rock and create deep holes for geothermal energy production. This approach has the potential to provide more than enough clean energy to meet world demand as we transition away from fossil fuels.
The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) has received over $12 million in funding from the US Department of Energy to speed up the development of a pilot plant powered by fusion energy. This initiative aims to accelerate the production of clean and abundant electricity, a crucial step towards mitigating climate change.
Researchers created an information engine using a glass bead suspended in water, exploiting thermal noise to convert it into work. The system uses Bayesian estimates to filter out measurement errors and performs significantly better than typical engines when noise is high.
Researchers at UNH tested state-of-the-art calculations of the strong force with an experiment probing proton spin, finding agreement with one but not the other. The findings provide a benchmark for testing the strong force and its applications in future technology.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new method that uses optics to accelerate machine-learning computations on low-power devices. By encoding model components onto light waves, data can be transmitted rapidly and computations performed quickly, leading to over a hundredfold improvement in energy efficiency.
Omnipose, a deep learning software, can identify various types of tiny objects in micrographs with high precision, including bacteria of all shapes and sizes. It overcomes limitations of previous approaches by handling object overlap and detecting cell intoxication, making it a game-changer for biological image analysis.
Researchers capture electron movement in attoseconds, enabling more precise observation of electrons in solids and semiconductors. This breakthrough could lead to the development of novel quantum materials with tailored properties and help create scalable quantum information technology.
A research team from POSTECH and KAIST found that cations play a crucial role in converting CO2 into valuable chemical products like ethylene. The study reveals a new mechanism for high-performance catalytic conditions, paving the way for carbon-neutral technologies.
A research team has found a novel operating regime that prevents destructive plasma instabilities in fusion reactors, allowing for the controlled injection of particles at the plasma edge. This approach could lead to a more stable and efficient fusion reactor design.
Researchers from Rice University and European institutions developed a method to switch on and off topological states in a strongly correlated metal using magnetic fields. The strong electron interactions enable the material to be controlled, which could lead to new applications in sensor technology and electronics.
Researchers developed hydrophilic slipper surfaces that are both extremely slippery and water-attracting, countering conventional wisdom. These SLIC surfaces have potential applications in biomedical technologies and condensers, where they offer anti-fouling properties and improved efficiency.
A joint research team has proposed a method for densely storing data using a sharp probe, enabling polarization switching with minimal force. The result shows a significant increase in storage capacity, reaching up to 1 terabit per square centimeter.
Scientists at Stevens Institute of Technology have created a method to encode more information into a single photon, enabling faster and more powerful quantum communication tools. The twisty photon technology uses orbital angular momentum to boost the bandwidth of quantum communication systems.
Researchers at POSTECH developed a chiral structure to block all vibration modes in a specific frequency band, effectively reducing any vibration. This innovation has significant implications for various fields like mechanical structures, buildings, and civil engineering.
Researchers at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg have successfully generated non-linear spin waves with half-integer multiples of the excitation frequency, a key finding for spintronics applications.
A new approach uses a mirror-like structure and layered semiconductors to efficiently transport energy, potentially reducing losses in solar cells. The device mimics the long-range energy transfer in photosynthesis.
A new study found that all kinds of motion are well represented by a single mathematical model, including walking horses, skittering spiders, swimming microbes, and slithering snakes. The model shows that speed is driven by changing the shape of the body, not momentum.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have developed a new method for detecting alcohols using zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combined with the SABRE-Relay hyperpolarization technique. This innovative approach enables measurements without strong magnetic fields, reducing device size and potential ...
Researchers used laser melting to produce composite particles with sizes ranging from 400 to 600 nanometers. They discovered how to determine the critical size of particles that begin to change under laser light, and found that larger particles reach lower temperatures.
Researchers developed a method to identify valve dysfunction using complex network analysis that is accurate, simple to use, and low-cost. The diagnostic tool works by analyzing the sounds produced by the heart, creating a graph of connected points, and identifying correlations between nodes.
Researchers at the University of Oldenburg and Fraunhofer IWES collaborate on a new project to develop more accurate wind flow simulations using artificial intelligence. The goal is to reduce computing times and enhance precision, ultimately accelerating innovation in wind turbine design.
Researchers have successfully achieved efficient spin injection and transport in antiferromagnetic hybrids, paving the way for room-temperature spintronics devices. The study, led by Igor Barsukov at UC Riverside, shows promise for ultra-fast and energy-efficient information storage and processing.
Scientists have analyzed the interaction between highly charged ions and graphene at a femtosecond scale, revealing complex processes involved in material response. The study provides fundamental new insights into how matter reacts to short and intense radiation exposure.
A plasma-based approach may one day convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and produce fuels, fertilizers on the red planet. The system could play a critical role in life-support systems and future human settlement on Mars.
Researchers tested a core-strengthening program using the AllCore360º to improve trunk function, balance, and mobility after stroke. The study showed promising effects on functional outcomes, including improved lateral control of posture and standardized treatment dosage.
Scientists at UCLA developed a stretchable, inexpensive, and waterproof HMI that generates power from the wearer's movements. The device was tested in various real-world situations, including water spray, and worked well when wet.
A team at the Complexity Science Hub Vienna mapped an entire nation's supply chain network using mobile phone data, predicting systemic risk and resilience. The model can be easily implemented by other countries and provides a detailed view of national economic behavior on a daily timescale.
Researchers at the University of Virginia School of Medicine have successfully engineered a material that can conduct electricity with zero resistance, paving the way for revolutionary technologies. The breakthrough uses DNA to guide chemical reactions, overcoming a long-standing challenge in materials science.
KAUST researchers have developed a new method to simulate viscous liquids up to 15 times faster than the current state of the art. This breakthrough enables faster simulations for industrial processes, medical devices, computer graphics, and visual simulations.
A multidisciplinary study uses magnetometers to investigate the magnetic fields of metropolitan areas, finding that each city has a distinct magnetic signature. This unique characteristic can be exploited to analyze anomalies in city operation and long-term trends of urban development.
Researchers at PPPL developed smaller, stronger high-temperature superconducting magnets for spherical tokamaks, enabling more efficient fusion power plants. The new magnets reduce construction costs and increase performance by shrinking the size of tokamaks.
A research team has won the NIH's Neuromod Prize for their innovative approach to spinal stimulation, which uses autonomic neuromodulation to regulate nervous system activity. The breakthrough could lead to improved autonomy and daily functioning for people with spinal cord injuries.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a way to manufacture highly efficient and semitransparent organic solar cells using a peel-off patterning technique. The technology has achieved record efficiencies of 10% and is suitable for use in commercial windows with a transparency nearing 50%.
A team from the Department of Energy Engineering at the University of Seville has developed a novel biomimetic design for PEM fuel cells, achieving up to 6.0% higher peak power compared to a reference design. The new design improves water management in high humidity conditions.
Researchers at TU Wien found that silicate nanoparticles can strengthen porous rock by forming colloidal crystals, which create new connections between mineral surfaces. The size of the particles is crucial for optimal strength gain, with smaller particles creating more binding sites.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology developed a new method to generate nano-sized plasma mist, which could be used in transdermal drug delivery systems. The method is safer than traditional electrostatic spray and has the potential to treat internal organs.
Researchers at Indiana University and the University of Tennessee have developed a one-dimensional helium model system, which enables the creation of smaller and faster microchips. The new system is designed to explore the behavior of particles in a confined space, allowing for the study of previously unexplored physics.
A team of researchers at Osaka University measured the photovoltaic properties of antimony sulfiodide:sulfide devices and discovered a novel effect. They found that changing the color of incident light from visible to ultraviolet induced a reversible change in output voltage, while leaving current unchanged.
A new simulation approach for 3D-AFM imaging has been developed to tackle complex systems not in equilibrium. This enables the study of biologically relevant systems like biomolecules and biopolymers. The method uses the Jarzynski equality to calculate force-distance curves, reproducing internal structures and fiber features.
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University uncover the rapid growth of ultra-thin nanowires or 'whiskers' in organic compounds by following gas bubbles. They find that adding impurities can suppress bubble formation, allowing for controlled whisker-free growth and uniform crystalline material.
Scientists at Max Born Institute create novel method to probe magnetic thin film systems, identifying heat injection from platinum layer as cause of magnetization changes. The approach allows femtosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution, paving way for studying ultrafast magnetism and device-relevant geometries.
Scientists at Chung-Ang University have pioneered a novel method for controlling microdroplet motion on solid surfaces using near-infrared light. This approach allows for more precise control than traditional thermal techniques and opens up new possibilities for applications in microfluidics, drug delivery, and self-cleaning surfaces.
Researchers successfully integrated an erbium-doped waveguide amplifier into a compact silicon nitride photonic chip, achieving high-power output of 145 megawatts with low noise. This breakthrough addresses the limitation of insufficient output power in optical integrated circuits.
A team of researchers studied the technique of placing wet chopsticks into hot oil to gain insight into the physics behind it. They found three distinct types of bubble events: explosion cavities, elongated cavities, and oscillating cavities. These findings have potential applications in scientific fields such as acoustic sensing.
Researchers studied over 500 stars in a region of Andromeda called the Northeast shelf, finding conclusive evidence of an ancient collision. The findings provide insights into how material from collisions shapes a galaxy's appearance and makeup.
University of Queensland scientists have discovered a way to make molecular switches work at room temperature, paving the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly technologies. This breakthrough could lead to advancements in MRI scans, sensors, carbon capture, and hydrogen fuel cells.
A new study proposes a mathematical tool to understand the fractal structure of quark-gluon plasma, which is formed in high-energy collisions. The fractal structure explains some phenomena seen in these collisions, including particle momentum distributions that follow Tsallis statistics.
Researchers at TU Darmstadt have developed a scalable quantum network that enables secure key exchange and protection of sensitive information. The system uses entanglement-based time-bin coding to distribute photons to users, ensuring robust security against eavesdropping attacks.
Researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have developed a single-material diamond mirror that withstood a 10-kilowatt Navy laser without damage. The mirror's unique nanostructure design makes it 98.9% reflective, potentially enabling more robust high-power lasers for various applications.