Mastering metastable matter
Researchers created metastable states in an artificial quantum many-body system, observing the switching dynamics between two states. They found that thousands of atoms move through quantum tunnelling during the process.
Atomic Structure
Articles tagged with Atomic Structure
Life Sciences
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
447,757
articles
2542
topics
Health and Medicine
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
431,843
articles
751
topics
Social Sciences
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
260,756
articles
745
topics
Physical Sciences
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
257,913
articles
1552
topics
Applied Sciences and Engineering
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
225,386
articles
998
topics
Scientific Community
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
193,043
articles
157
topics
Space Sciences
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
29,662
articles
175
topics
Research Methods
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
21,889
articles
139
topics
Mathematics
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
3,023
articles
113
topics
UCLA researchers develop a new class of two-dimensional materials
A UCLA research team has developed a method to create artificial superlattices comprising ultra-thin two-dimensional sheets with drastically different atomic structures. This allows for the confinement of electronic and optical properties to single active layers, enabling faster and more efficient semiconductors and advanced LEDs.
Mapping battery materials with atomic precision
Researchers mapped battery materials with atomic precision, finding that surface structure differs from interior and optimizing performance by varying lithium-to-metal ratios. The study used advanced electron microscopy techniques to analyze cathode material structures, revealing new insights into phase transformations and capacity loss.
World's leading supplier of niobium funds research into key steel alloying element
Researchers at Saarland University are using atom-probe tomography to study niobium's role in steel microstructure and its effects on material properties. The goal is to design internal steel structures for specific applications and improve material properties.
Metabolic modelling becomes three-dimensional
Researchers have developed the first three-dimensional computer model to represent human metabolic processes. This new tool, Recon3D, integrates structural data on over 4,000 metabolites and nearly 13,000 proteins, allowing for more accurate simulations of metabolic reactions and better understanding of diseases such as Parkinson's.
UT Dallas team's microscopic solution may save researchers big time
A UT Dallas team has addressed a long-standing problem in scanning tunneling microscopes, preventing tip crashes that can damage samples and forfeit valuable time. The breakthrough enables atomically precise manufacturing, leading to innovations in materials science, medicine, and computing.
Splitting crystals for 2-D metallic conductivity
By adding oxygen atoms to a perovskite-like crystal material, researchers created 2D electron gas with unique properties. The discovery opens up new possibilities for faster and novel electronic devices, including superconductors and actuators.
Atomic structure of ultrasound material not what anyone expected
Scientists used advanced microscopy techniques to study the atomic structure of PMN, a widely used relaxor material in ultrasound and sonar applications. The findings reveal that atoms are arranged in a gradual gradient, differing from conventional wisdom predictions.
Cryo-EM reveals critical protein-modifying complex and potential drug target
Scientists have revealed the atomic-level structure of a molecular complex responsible for modifying proteins, which could lead to new medications for cancer and other diseases. The complex, known as OST, plays a key role in protein glycosylation, a process linked to numerous human body functions.
Building blocks to create metamaterials
Researchers at Caltech and ETH Zürich created a systematic design method for metamaterials using quantum mechanics. They can engineer materials to manipulate incoming waves, such as bending light or reflecting sound waves. This breakthrough could lead to widespread use of metamaterials in various applications.
Siberian chemists have improved hydrogen sensors
Scientists from Siberian Federal University and Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry create active layers in hydrogen detectors using metal phthalocyanines and palladium membranes. This increases the sensor's sensitivity, enabling detection of hazardous gases and aiding in disease diagnosis. The researchers plan to further improve...
Viewing atomic structures of dopant atoms in 3-D relating to electrical activity in a semiconductor
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a new technique to determine and visualize the three-dimensional structure of individual dopant atoms in semiconductors, correlated with their electrical activity. This breakthrough could support the development of high-performance devices.
The structure of cool
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute and Duke University have made the first determination of TRPM8's atomic structure using cryo-electron microscopy. The findings reveal unexpected binding pocket locations for menthol and other cold-sensing molecules, opening new avenues for drug development.
Story tips from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dec. 2017
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a precision de-icing technology that uses high-resolution modeling to identify areas most vulnerable to drivers during hazardous weather conditions. The team also discovered a function of certain microbes that produces a new derivative of vitamin B12, which could enhance the e...
Physicists make most precise measurement ever of the proton's magnetic moment
Researchers at RIKEN and partner institutions have made the most precise measurement to date of the proton's magnetic moment, achieving a precision of less than one part per billion. The study used a combination of advanced engineering techniques and precise frequency measurements to isolate a single proton in a Penning trap.
Nanomaterials
Researchers at LMU München precisely tune carbon dot's properties by introducing nitrogen atoms, enabling diverse applications. The study reveals that the physicochemical characteristics can be simply and precisely controlled, opening up new possibilities for energy conversion and bio-imaging.
RUDN chemists have discovered a new formation mechanism of anti-cancer substances
RUDN University scientists have discovered a new formation mechanism for anti-cancer substances, which can be used to synthesize organophosphorus compounds with specified properties. The researchers found that the reaction does not proceed according to the previously thought Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction mechanism, but rather another way.
Story tips from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, November 2017
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed a method to quickly collect building structure datasets from satellite images, supporting emergency response efforts after hurricanes. They also used neutrons to discover the molecular mechanism responsible for flow in a hydrogen-bonding liquid and studied a semiconducting material...
A single photon reveals quantum entanglement of 16 million atoms
Researchers at UNIGE have successfully demonstrated the entanglement of 16 million atoms in a crystal crossed by a single photon, confirming the theory behind future quantum networks. This breakthrough confirms that a vast number of atoms can be entangled and intertwined by a strong quantum relationship.
Injecting electrons jolts 2-D structure into new atomic pattern
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have found a way to reversibly change the atomic structure of a 2-D material by injecting electrons, using far less energy than current methods. This process has potential for new electronic memory and low-power switching in ultra-thin devices.
Unexpected degree of order found in interior grain boundaries of polycrystalline materials
Researchers found superstructures at general grain boundaries that affect the performance of polycrystalline engineering alloys. The discovery could enable the engineering of alloyed materials with superior properties and greater ductility and strength.
Bacterial nanosized speargun works like a power drill
Researchers have solved the structure of the 'ready to fire' bacterial speargun, a nano-sized weapon that injects deadly toxins into competitors. The T6SS speargun works by rapidly contracting and pushing out a toxic spear, drilling a hole into target cells with incredible speed.
Aeroices: Newly discovered ultralow-density ice
A team from Okayama University in Japan has discovered a new family of ice phases called aeroices, which have the lowest density of all known ice crystals. These ices can be more stable than zeolitic ice at certain thermodynamic conditions under negative pressure.
New neutron holography technique opens a window for obtaining clear 3-D atomic images
Researchers have developed a new multiple-wavelength neutron holography technique that can produce clear three-dimensional atomic images. This method uses neutrons to study the structure of materials made up of lighter elements, such as calcium fluoride crystals with europium ions.
Tweaking thermoelectric voltage across atomic-scale gold junction by mechanical force
Scientists demonstrate reversible manipulation of quantum interference in metal nanostructures by applying mechanical strain to deform the contact. This allows for the creation of a voltage switch with reliable performance over multiple cycles.
Scientists watch 'artificial atoms' assemble into perfect lattices with many uses
Researchers observe nanocrystals forming superlattices in seconds, enabling fine-tuning of precision materials. The discovery will help create novel materials for magnetic storage, solar cells, optoelectronics, and catalysts.
Chemical route towards electronic devices in graphene
Researchers at Aalto University developed a chemical method to create graphene nanoribbons with embedded electronic components, including diodes and tunnel barriers. The precision of the structures was achieved through atomic-level control over the chemical reaction process.
What happens when materials collide? Observing fracture in stressed materials
Researchers develop method to directly observe dynamic fracture in metals, shedding light on material properties and behavior under stress. The technique enables real-time observation of atomic structure deformation and determination of stress required for fracture.
The glass transition caught in the act
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis used a new experimental setup to measure the atomic properties of liquid materials, resolving some long-standing debates about the glass transition. The team found that fragility is related to atomic interactions and structural changes during the transition.
Researchers develop dynamic templates critical to printable electronics technology
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed bio-inspired dynamic templates used to manufacture organic semiconductor materials that produce printable electronics. This technique is also eco-friendly compared with how conventional electronics are made, which gives the researchers the chance to return the favor to nature.
Quantum mechanics inside Earth's core
Researchers found that nickel exhibits a distinct anomaly at high temperatures, which may explain the origin of Earth's magnetic field. This discovery challenges conventional theories and provides new insights into the planet's core.
Figuring out the 3-D shape of molecules with a push of a button
A team of researchers led by Carnegie Mellon University chemist Roberto R. Gil and Universidade Federal de Pernambuco chemist Armando Navarro-Vázquez has developed a program that automates the process of figuring out a molecule's three-dimensional structure, reducing human error and shortening the pipeline of drug discovery.
Scientists develop computer-guided strategy to accelerate materials discovery
Researchers at the University of Liverpool have developed a computer-guided strategy that led to the discovery of two new materials in the laboratory. The algorithm uses chemical understanding of known materials to suggest new combinations of atoms, resulting in stable and synthesizable materials.
High pressure key to lighter, stronger metal alloys, Stanford scientists find
Researchers create a new type of alloy with a hexagonal close-packed structure using common metals and high pressure. The resulting material exhibits unique properties, including higher strength-to-weight ratio, better heat resistance, and improved durability.
Atomic structure of irradiated materials is more akin to liquid than glass
Researchers discover that irradiation-induced disordering in materials differs from vitrification, leading to a more disordered atomic network resembling liquids. This finding has significant implications for material selection in nuclear applications and raises safety concerns.
Battling infectious diseases with 3-D structures
An international team of scientists has determined the 3-D atomic structure of over 1,000 proteins that are potential drug and vaccine targets. The experimentally determined structures have been deposited into the World-Wide Protein Data Bank, freely available to the scientific community.
Finding order and structure in the atomic chaos where materials meet
Scientists have created a model to analyze irregular atomic structures at grain boundaries, where two materials meet. The Polyhedral Unit Model identifies patterns of atomic shapes and can help determine how these structures affect material properties.
Atomic structure reveals how cells translate environmental signals
The study provides detailed insights into the function of IP3R, a molecular train station controlling cell functions. The new crystal structure reveals how IP3 signals trigger the opening of the Ca2+ channel, shedding light on long-range communication mechanisms.
Creating time crystals
Researchers at Harvard University created a time crystal, a periodic arrangement of atoms across time, using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. The discovery offers insights into non-equilibrium quantum systems and may lead to new applications in precision measurement.
Computers create recipe for two new magnetic materials
Researchers at Duke University have created two new magnetic materials using high-throughput computational models. The success marks a new era for the large-scale design of new magnetic materials, with potential applications in motors, MRI machines and beyond.
Researchers gain insight into protein critical to Zika virus reproduction
Scientists have gained insight into the NS5 protein of Zika virus, a crucial enzyme involved in viral replication. The study reveals its structure and function, as well as comparisons with other related viruses, which will aid in the search for compounds to halt virus reproduction.
The beginning of the end of order
Researchers at the University of Konstanz have proven the existence of Mermin-Wagner fluctuations, which grow logarithmically with system size and prevent crystal formation over long ranges. In contrast, small systems can exhibit crystal formation.
Atomic 're-packing' behind metallic glass mystery
Researchers have solved a decades-long puzzle about metallic glasses' atomic structure using a new method combining various techniques. The study revealed a hidden amorphous phase within a certain temperature range, linked to metals' ability to form glass and potentially enabling the development of stronger novel materials.
Researchers create artificial materials atom-by-atom
Scientists at Aalto University have developed a method to arrange individual atoms to engineer electronic properties in artificial materials. The approach enables the creation of designer quantum materials with precise control over atomic structure.
New enzyme-like tool lets chemists modify hard-to-reach spots on drug molecules
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have developed a versatile molecule-building tool to create new drugs and chemical products by modifying difficult-to-access sites on target molecules. The new template, which anchors reversibly to heterocycle backbones, eliminates reaction steps and is required in small quantities.
New types of structures for cage-like clathrates
Researchers at UC Davis have discovered new types of cage-like compounds called clathrates that can convert waste heat into electricity. The compounds, which trap an atom inside a larger cage, show promise for improving thermoelectric devices.
Unravelling the atomic and nuclear structure of the heaviest elements
Researchers have gained insight into the atomic and nuclear structure of heavy, radioactive elements for the first time. The technique involves laser ionization, which significantly increases sensitivity and accuracy, allowing for measurements of atoms per second.
High-sensitivity cameras reveal the atomic structure of metal-organic frameworks
Researchers at KAUST developed a method for fine-scale imaging of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), visualizing their atomic structures without damage. The high sensitivity of detectors allowed them to acquire images with resolutions as low as 0.21 nanometers, revealing surface and interfacial structures.
Breakthrough in 'wonder' materials paves way for flexible tech
Researchers at University of Warwick developed a new technique to measure electronic structures of two-dimensional materials, paving the way for highly efficient nano-circuitry. This breakthrough could lead to smaller, flexible gadgets and revolutionized solar power with strong absorption and efficient power conversion.
How to roll a nanotube: Demystifying carbon nanotubes' structure control
Researchers from IBS and Peking University demonstrate how to synthesize horizontal arrays of CNTs with the same structure. The team successfully produces conducting (12, 6) and semiconducting (8, 4) CNTs with high selectivity and purity.
The ultimate green technology
A team of scientists at the University of Alberta has successfully applied atomic force microscopy to pattern and image electronic circuits at the atomic level. This breakthrough could lead to the development of ultra-fast and ultra-low-power silicon-based circuits, potentially revolutionizing the technology industry.
Supercomputing, experiment combine for first look at magnetism of real nanoparticle
Researchers used a combination of computational power and experimental data to study magnetism in a real iron-platinum nanoparticle. The team was able to precisely model the atomic structure and simulate its magnetic properties, revealing defects and imperfections that affect performance.
Scientists determine precise 3-D location, identity of all 23,000 atoms in a nanoparticle
Researchers use advanced electron microscopy to create 3D reconstruction of nanoparticle, enabling them to measure chemical order and disorder at the single-atom level. The study reveals insights into the material's properties and potential applications in high-density hard drives and disease detection.
Diverse natural fatty acids follow 'Golden Mean'
Researchers at the University of Jena discovered that naturally occurring fatty acids have a predictable number of structural formulas based on their chain length, following the Fibonacci sequence. This discovery enables accurate analytical processes in lipidomics, the study of all fats in cells and organisms.
The discrepancy between the results of a system of biological interest is resolved
A study by the UPV/EHU and University of Bologna has resolved a discrepancy in a biological system through accurate characterization using microwave spectroscopy. The research targets the 2-hydroxypyridine/2-pyridone model system, where different structures coexist under the same molecular formula.
Faster recharging batteries possible after new insights
Researchers at the University of Bath have gained important insights to improve the performance of lithium batteries by adding charged metal atoms. This discovery could lead to faster charging batteries for portable electronics and electric vehicles, benefiting consumers and reducing carbon emissions.
Illinois team advances GaN-on-Silicon for scalable high electron mobility transistors
Researchers optimized GaN-on-Silicon transistor composition to achieve high electron mobility, enabled by buffer layers that reduce strain and defects. The team achieved an electron mobility of 1,800 cm2/V-sec, paving the way for fully functional high-frequency devices for 5G applications.
Researchers design one of strongest, lightest materials known
Researchers at MIT have designed a strong and lightweight material by compressing graphene flakes into sponge-like configurations, achieving 10 times the strength of steel while maintaining a low density of just 5%. The new material's unusual geometric configuration is key to its exceptional properties.
New diamond harder than ring bling
A team of scientists at Australian National University has successfully created a diamond that is predicted to be harder than regular diamonds. The new material, called nano-crystalline hexagonal diamond, was made using a high-pressure diamond anvil and has the potential to be used in mining sites to cut through ultra-solid materials.
First structural map of cystic fibrosis protein sheds light on how mutations cause disease
Researchers created the first three-dimensional map of the cystic fibrosis protein, revealing a vulnerable spot in the protein responsible for many cases of the disease. The map shows that one half of the channel bears more disease-causing mutations, including one responsible for 70% of disease cases.