Articles tagged with Electric Current
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists at NIST have successfully synchronized the signals emitted by multiple nanoscale oscillators, amplifying their output power and stabilizing their signal pattern. This breakthrough could lead to smaller, cheaper wireless communications components.
Scientists at NIST confirm improved accuracy of 'watt balance' method, reducing measurement uncertainty by about 40 percent, moving closer to redefining the kilogram in terms of basic properties of nature.
Researchers found evidence for differential rotation of Earth's solid inner core, with the core rotating faster than the surrounding mantle and crust. The discovery suggests electromagnetic coupling is driving the inner core's motion, generating an electric current that causes it to spin.
Researchers at Purdue University have created a nanotech simulation tool that helps design molecular electronic devices. The tool simulates how current flows between silicon atoms and individual molecules, enabling the development of new technologies such as biochips and advanced sensors. By studying the interaction between molecules a...
The study found that using a 180-degree X-ray tube position, minimum current, and 80 kVp settings can significantly reduce radiation exposure in CT scans. This approach allows the table to absorb low-energy X-rays, minimizing breast exposure without compromising image quality.
Molecular machines can now be driven individually using an electric current, allowing for controlled operation. This breakthrough enables the use of molecular machines in applications such as computing, sensors and bioengineering.
A new open loop control system enables efficient energy conversion in low wind speeds, providing a viable alternative for remote locations. The device, designed by Dr. Andy Knight, is built with cheap and easy-to-find components and can produce electric energy from winds as low as 10 km/h.
Researchers at NIST and SEMATECH developed a method to determine nanoscale 'linewidth roughness' with improved accuracy, reducing exaggeration of true values by 40%. The new technique corrects for measurement noise and bias, enabling more precise quality control in semiconductor fabrication.
A team of scientists has created a prototype that demonstrates a single charged atom on a silicon surface can regulate the conductivity of a nearby molecule. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient and eco-friendly electronics with reduced energy consumption and heat production.
A new 'nuclear battery' technology has been developed, increasing the surface area of a radioactive gas to produce a current. This increase results in a 160-fold efficiency improvement over conventional designs, making it suitable for long-lasting medical devices and deep-space probes.
A team of scientists used a 3D acoustic imaging system to track the swimming behavior of zooplankton in the Red Sea, revealing that they 'treadmill' against upwelling and downwelling currents. The study sheds light on the mechanisms behind zooplankton patchiness and its ecological implications for predators.
The new device achieves a speed of 604 gigahertz, faster than previously thought possible with traditional transistor structures. The researchers' design improves current density and signal charging time by lowering the bandgap in selected areas.
Researchers have identified materials with high charge mobility, crucial for flexible displays and electronic devices. By studying single crystal structures, scientists can now assess intrinsic electronic properties without external factors affecting results.
Conductive adhesives offer an alternative to tin-lead solder, but overcoming low current density and corrosion challenges remained. Researchers at Georgia Tech used self-assembled monolayers and a three-part anti-corrosion strategy to increase current density, paving the way for high-performance conductive adhesives.
A UK study found that only 5% of internet users visited the House of Commons website in the past year, while 40% visit news and current affairs websites. The telephone remains the preferred method for conveying views to MPs, with e-mail gaining popularity among younger generations.
A team of experts at Cardiff University will use sophisticated computer simulations, laboratory experiments, and field tests to improve understanding of faults and power surges. They aim to develop computer models that can predict voltages and currents following major faults, helping the National Grid network to become safer and more r...
Researchers at NIST have developed a low-power, mini clock design inspired magnetometer that can detect magnetic field changes as small as 50 picoteslas. The device is about the size of a grain of rice and can be powered with batteries.
The new model of care emphasizes patient-centered care, electronic health records, and primary care services to improve quality and reduce costs. Implementation could lead to significant reductions in healthcare expenditures and increased compensation for family physicians.
Scientists at the University of Chicago have made a groundbreaking discovery in the creation of ultra-thin threads using air bubbles in breakfast syrup. The technique has potential applications in various industries, including fiber optics and electronics.
Researchers at Boston University have developed a new type of memory cell that outperforms traditional chip-based systems in terms of speed, density, and power consumption. The nanomechanical memory cell can retrieve information at speeds of millions and billions of cycles per second, while operating on minuscule amounts of power.
A novel experiment revealed that experts in fine visual distinctions can process faces and other objects using the same neural networks, contradicting previous theories. This discovery has implications for our understanding of autism, national security, and expert recognition abilities.
Researchers use custom-built microscope to manipulate cobalt atoms on a copper lattice, observing and controlling atomic motion. The 'hip hop' sound effect is generated by converting electronic signals into audio, allowing real-time monitoring of atom position.
Researchers at Ames Laboratory have successfully developed a new type of superconductor, carbon-doped magnesium diboride, which can withstand higher magnetic fields. The material has a critical temperature of 39 Kelvin, making it more economical to use compared to other superconductors.
Two studies reveal new insights into climate change: a microplate in the Mediterranean Sea is found to be independent of larger tectonic plates, while seasonal changes in photosynthesis can affect global atmospheric simulations. Another study warns that oxygen isotope analyses may not accurately portray ancient climates due to changing...
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory found that adding calcium to a high-temperature superconductor increases its ability to carry electric current. The study used a YBCO bicrystal and transmission electron microscope to visualize the effects of calcium doping on grain boundaries, revealing a 35% increase in current flow.
A new lab-on-a-chip technology can detect milk contamination and identify the botulinum toxin in as little as an hour with test results available in minutes. This innovation could lead to faster treatment for potential botulism toxin exposure, reducing its high specific toxicity as a bioterrorism threat.
The company has achieved an industrial world record by producing second-generation superconducting wires with high amperage electrical current and virtually no resistance. This technology can increase the efficiency of large electric motors by up to 50% and enable smaller, more powerful magnetic resonance imaging machines.
A team of NIST and IBM researchers has quantified 'electrical capture defects' in hafnium oxide chips, which can drain currents and hinder transistor operation. By applying a voltage pulse and measuring current, the scientists identified critical locations where these defects occur near the silicon substrate-hafnium oxide interface.
A recent study found that over half of patients with heart failure could benefit from implanted cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), but Medicare's current guidelines exclude them. ICDs can prevent sudden cardiac death by monitoring heart rhythm and shocking the heart back into a normal pace.
A membrane protein called NCX1 plays a crucial role in regulating the frequency and strength of heartbeats by transporting calcium into and out of heart cells. The protein generates electrical currents that contribute to excitation and contraction, making it an important key to understanding cardiac function.
Researchers at NIST developed a tiny device generating tunable microwave signals using individual electron spins. The device can be built into integrated circuits and may replace bulkier technologies with reduced cost.
Researchers at University of Illinois have developed a light-emitting transistor that can control light emission and modulate it at high speeds, opening up new possibilities for integrated circuitry and signal processing. The device has three ports, allowing for the connection of optical and electrical signals.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a new memory device that stores digital information permanently in a plastic polymer coating. The device combines an inexpensive and easy-to-produce material with thin-film silicon electronics, enabling fast and efficient data storage.
Researchers at Brown University and NIST have confirmed and extended Abrikosov's Nobel theory by tracking current eddies in a type II superconductor. The study revealed complex behavior and provided experimental confirmation of Abrikosov's prediction about smooth phase transitions.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a high-power semiconductor switch called the Emitter Turn-off (ETO) Thyristor, suitable for fast and dynamic voltage support in the nation's congested power grid. The ETO switch offers fast switching speed, rugged turn-off capacity, and voltage control, reducing energy storage elements and size.
Researchers found a way to manipulate electron spin to transport it without energy loss. This effect occurs in materials already used in the semiconductor industry and could lead to a new generation of computing devices. The discovery has significant implications for creating smaller, more efficient electronic devices.
Researchers found that molecules' apparent on-off conductivity was due to a weak bond with the gold surface, breaking contact and turning electrical connection off. The team confirmed this finding through experiments at varying temperatures, ruling out other explanations.
Researchers at U of T have created a topographical map of the 'beating heart' of lasers, allowing for more accurate design and diagnosis. The study could influence laser design, improve diagnosis of faulty lasers, and potentially reduce manufacturing costs.
A Penn State researcher found that less than 30% of drivers recognize the Slow Moving Vehicle (SMV) sign. The sign's inconsistent day/night appearance and potential confusion with other symbols contribute to the low comprehension rate. Improving motorist education and enforcement could help increase recognition.
Vera Kettnaker's proposed system analyzes an elderly person's movement patterns to detect potential problems and summon help automatically. The system would be integrated with ceiling-mounted cameras and data-processing equipment to provide a safe and private living environment for seniors.
A new scanning microscope developed at Brown University can uncover defects in the smallest and most complex integrated circuits. The device visualizes electrical current flow within wires, even those buried under advanced materials, allowing for non-invasive detection of faults.
Researchers at Jefferson Lab are conducting an experiment to demonstrate energy recovery, which could lead to more efficient and powerful accelerators. By recirculating high-energy electrons, they aim to reduce RF energy usage while maintaining beam quality.
Researchers at the DOE's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory used computer simulations to explain how plasma doughnuts became hollow when current direction was reversed. This new understanding allows for a more practical design of compact next-generation fusion experiments.
Research at Ohio State University solves a decades-old mystery about aluminum's behavior, revealing it may exhibit directional bonding and superior strength to copper under large shear strains. The findings have significant implications for nanotechnology and the development of tiny devices.
A 150-ton magnet in Japan is a testbed for the 925-ton magnet needed for ITER, which aims to demonstrate nuclear fusion as an energy source. The team has made progress in understanding the magnet's performance and reducing costs.
The PSU/ARL monitor uses advanced signal processing, data fusion, and automated reasoning to estimate working time, physical condition, and causes of failure. It takes into account the physical changes in batteries, such as electrode surfaces and internal processes.
The researchers fabricated superconducting nanowires from specially prepared fluorinated carbon nanotubes, which are insulators. This technique allows for the fabrication of even thinner nanowires and sheds new light on superconducting phase transitions.
Researchers at the University of California, Davis, predict that lithium borocarbide can be a superconductor at temperatures as low as minus 280 F. They propose using 'field-effect doping' to modify the material, which could lead to better performance than existing superconductors like magnesium diboride.
Researchers at UMass Amherst found that certain microorganisms can transform organic matter commonly found in marine environments into electrical energy. This breakthrough has implications for developing technologies to decontaminate polluted water and sediment, as well as powering subsurface devices.
Researchers at Virginia Tech are exploring the development of new sensor approaches using nanotechnology, aiming to detect DNA and other biological compounds. They also aim to improve computational capacity by understanding electronic transport properties in molecular wires.
UCSD researchers identified a gene, KChIP2, that regulates critical electrical currents in the human heart and is associated with increased vulnerability to arrhythmias. The study found that a defective version of this gene can lead to malignant heart rhythms and sudden death in patients with heart failure.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in stopping internal bleeding without surgery, using traditional ultrasound to locate bleeding combined with HIFU. The technique has been shown to be effective in stopping bleeding in blood vessels and solid organs like the liver and spleen, offering new hope for emergency medical treatment.
A multidisciplinary team has successfully created through-bond electrical contacts with single molecules and achieved reproducible measurements of their conductivity. The breakthrough resolves a decades-long problem in understanding the electrical properties of small numbers of molecules.
Researchers have found that dual electrical discharges associated with sprite creation can be separated by long intervals due to persistent cloud-to-ground currents. These currents, which can last up to 200 milliseconds, provide enough energy flow for the second burst to trigger the sprite.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory have developed a system to measure magnetic and electrical fields over large areas of the ionosphere, providing the first continuous monitoring of electric currents between space and the upper atmosphere. The advanced system will enable improved understanding and foreca...
Scientists at PPPL have achieved a significant breakthrough in fusion research, producing the highest plasma current ever recorded in a spherical torus device - 1 million amperes. This milestone is crucial for understanding the physics of fusion and potentially leading to more efficient development paths for fusion energy.
Researchers at Rice University have created a reversible molecular computer switch, which can represent ones and zeros in digital computing. The switch is made of molecules that are one million times smaller than traditional silicon-based transistors, promising continued minitaturization and increased computing power.
A preliminary study by University of Florida researchers suggests that magnetic stimulation may be a safe and revolutionary treatment for patients with clinical depression who do not respond to standard medications. After two weeks of daily magnetic treatment, the 10 patients evaluated in the study showed improvement in tests that rate...
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a method to switch the orientation of magnetic domains in thin layers, allowing for the creation of high-density computer memory chips. The effect works by passing an electric current through a 'sandwich' of cobalt and copper layers, resulting in non-parallel magnetic moments.
MIT researchers have created a sensory tabletop that can track hand movements in three dimensions, allowing for new interactive technologies. The table uses electrodes to detect tiny currents generated by the user's hand, which are then used to calculate the hand's position in 3D space.