Articles tagged with Electron Reactions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discovered a massive enzyme complex in methanogenic archaea that directly transfers electrons from electron bifurcation to CO2 reduction, increasing efficiency. This finding may lead to sustainable biotechnological development and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Recent research advances in wet-chemical synthesis of two-dimensional metal nanomaterials have improved the efficiency and stability of electrocatalysts. The authors reviewed various synthetic methods and explored their applications in different electrochemical reactions.
Researchers at Pusan National University have developed a novel electrocatalyst that can effectively produce hydrogen and oxygen from water at low cost. The catalyst, composed of transition metal phosphates, achieves high surface area and fast charge transfer, making it suitable for commercial on-site production of hydrogen.
Researchers at Nagoya City University find a fourfold increase in surface deuterium atoms on nanocrystalline silicon, paving the way for sustainable deuterium enrichment protocols. The efficient exchange reaction could lead to more durable semiconductor technology and potentially purify tritium contaminated water.
Researchers highlight the potential of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in solar-to-fuel production, converting sunlight into hydrogen and other fuels. COF-based photocatalysts have shown promising properties, including improved catalysis and electron delocalization, making them a viable solution for future energy needs.
Researchers developed direct cellulose fuel cells that directly use cellulose as fuel without reforming processes. The study found that gold is highly active in the cleavage reaction at negative potential and nickel and palladium are active in decomposition reactions at positive potential.
Researchers developed a new X-ray study method to understand correlated metals, promising for superconductors and quantum computers. The method, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXs), excites electrons, providing information about electronic structure.
Researchers at Kanazawa University developed a chemical reaction that cleaves the bond between an aryl halide and the halogen atom using an organic catalyst with low environmental impact. The process generates an aryl radical, which can be used for organic syntheses and further reactions.
Researchers successfully captured a video image of the bottom-up synthesis of fullerene C60, an allotrope resembling a soccer ball. The process was observed using single-molecule atomic resolution real-time electron microscopy (SMART-EM), revealing a kinetically and thermodynamically controlled cyclodehydrogenation reaction.
Researchers at Harvard University used ultracold chemistry to test current quantum theories on chemical reactions, mapping the quantum frontier. They collected data on 57 possible reaction channels, confirming accuracy of statistical theory for most but revealing significant deviations in others.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have determined the first steps in converting light into energy for a type of bacteria that uses photosynthesis. By studying heliobacteria's reaction centers, they identified which pigments initially donate and accept electrons during charge separation.
Researchers develop a thermally stable atomically dispersed Ir/MoC catalyst with an unusually high metal loading of 4 wt%, exhibiting remarkable reactivity, selectivity, and stability. The catalyst achieves high metal-normalized activity and mass-specific activity through the presence of isolated Ir atoms.
Researchers have identified a new category of compounds called pyrazinacenes that can be reversibly oxidized and reduced. These compounds consist of connected rings of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms and have the potential to support photoredox-based reactions in chemical synthesis.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in tracing electron transfer processes at metal-molecule interfaces, allowing for the observation of electron excitation pathways in real-time. This achievement has fundamental implications for optimizing interfaces and nanostructures, potentially leading to new technologies.
A team of chemists from Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University and Saint Petersburg State University identified the necessary conditions for successful synthesis of small molecules. They found that differences in electronic properties of substituent groups determine the reaction speed, with electron-accepting substitutes reacting fast...
Researchers developed an illumination-reaction decoupled n-Si MIS photocathode that surmounts challenges impeding p-Si MIS photocathode development. The new design utilizes majority carriers to drive the surface reduction reaction, avoiding light-shielding problems and enabling higher efficiency.
The MOLLER experiment aims to precisely measure the electron's weak charge, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model. With a projected five times better precision than previous experiments, this measurement could uncover new physics at high masses.
Researchers discovered a way to create more efficient metamaterials using semiconductors and a novel aspect of physics that amplifies the activity of electrons. This breakthrough has the potential to increase resolution in medical scanning and scientific imaging, as well as reduce the size of supercomputers.
Researchers from Princeton University's Scholes Group discovered quantum vibrations play a crucial role in ultrafast electron transfer reactions. The study uses ultrafast laser spectroscopy to show that vibrations provide channels for the reaction to occur, and an extra vibrational wavepacket appears in the product state.
Researchers at University of Oldenburg develop complex molecular compound with high electron capacity, revealing new understanding of charge storage in metal centres. The model molecule functions as a 'mini segment of an energy storage material', paving the way for future design elements in molecular catalysts.
A new database of electron-molecule reactions has been created by Curtin University researchers, allowing for accurate modeling of plasmas containing molecular hydrogen. This development is crucial for the global push to develop fusion technology for electricity production on Earth.
Recently, N-heterocyclic phosphines have emerged as a new group of promising catalysts for metal-free reductions. Their excellent hydricity rivals or exceeds that of many metal-based hydrides, making them suitable alternatives for reducing unsaturated compounds.
Researchers at the Heidelberg Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics have investigated ultrafast fragmentation of hydrogen molecules in intense laser fields using a new method. They used the rotation of the molecule as an internal clock to measure the timing of the reaction triggered by a second laser pulse.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt measured the propagation of light in a hydrogen molecule, achieving a new world record in short time measurement. The scientists tracked the ejection of electrons from the molecule using a unique technique, allowing them to determine the timing of photon interactions within zeptoseconds.
Researchers discovered a new approach to control chemical reaction reactivity using a single gold electrode, which can behave like multiple functional groups by switching applied voltage. This 'electro-inductive effect' enables in-situ tuning of electronic property and reactivity in the middle of a reaction.
Researchers detect electron movements in liquid water using photoemission, revealing a delay of 50-70 attoseconds compared to gaseous form. This discovery sheds light on chemical reactions and biological processes such as photosynthesis and DNA damage.
Researchers at Oregon State University developed a new electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction, achieving high selectivity and efficiency in converting CO2 to carbon monoxide. The breakthrough enables the production of reusable carbon forms using renewable energy sources.
Scientists have developed a novel organocatalyst that can control radical reactions, enabling the synthesis of complex compounds. The catalyst, featuring an N-neopentyl group, promotes coupling reactions while suppressing side reactions, allowing for the synthesis of bulky molecules and pharmaceuticals.
Researchers developed a new method for ammonia synthesis using nitrate contaminants as nitrogen source and water as hydrogen source. The electrocatalyst, Co/CoO nanosheet arrays, showed excellent performances with 93.8% of Faraday efficiency and 91.2% of selectivity.
Researchers at Kansas State University have developed a method to visualize light-induced molecular ring-opening reactions using free-electron lasers. The study reveals the speed and mechanisms behind these reactions, which are essential for understanding biological processes like vitamin D formation.
A hemispherical vanadium oxide cluster cavity can stabilize a polarized Br2 molecule, enabling selective bromination of alkanes. The study reveals different product selectivity compared to the radical mechanism.
Scientists have discovered an enzyme that becomes catalytically active when exposed to blue light, enabling a wide range of biotechnological applications. The enzyme, found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, uses a flavin-NADH complex to facilitate a new monooxygenase reaction.
Researchers at Linköping University have developed a method to create thin metallic films using free electrons in a plasma, eliminating the need for powerful molecular reducing agents. This innovation enables the production of processors and similar components without the constraints of traditional chemical vapor deposition methods.
Researchers have seen the initial step in light-driven chemical reactions, where a molecule's electron cloud balloons out before atomic nuclei respond. This direct observation paves the way for studying chemical bonds forming and breaking in real-time.
Researchers found that core-shell configuration of a Ni-Au catalyst is lost during reaction and recovered afterwards. The Ni-Au alloy, not the shell, acts as the active surface, explaining high CO selectivity.
A novel biofuel system has been developed for hydrogen production from biomass, improving efficiency and reducing energy consumption. The system uses lignin as an electron donor to produce high-value-added compounds and extract electrons for hydrogen production.
Patients across five academic medical centers reacted favorably to an electronic consultation (eConsult) service for primary care provider-to-specialist consultations. Key benefits included quicker access to specialty care and convenience, with approval rates high among patients with a trusted primary care provider.
Researchers used an X-ray laser to study iron carbenes' behavior when exposed to light. They found that the molecule can respond in two ways, with electrons flowing into devices only about 60% of the time.
Researchers at Argonne and Washington University have discovered an engineered version of a protein complex that enables the switch between two possible electron transfer pathways, opening up new opportunities for designing more efficient light-driven biochemical reactions. This breakthrough has significant implications for improving h...
A research team from UK and Germany has successfully recorded the dynamic behavior of a metal-metal bond in dirhenium molecules at the atomic scale. The breakthrough uses transmission electron microscopy to film the 'walking' of atoms along a nanotube, revealing changes in bond length and strength.
Researchers from Washington University in St. Louis and Argonne National Laboratory have successfully reversed the flow of electrons in a purple photosynthetic bacteria, achieving a 90% yield on the B-branch side. This breakthrough discovery sheds light on the earliest light-driven events of photosynthesis and could aid in designing bi...
Researchers at KAUST have developed a plastic biosensor that can power itself using glucose, enabling continuous monitoring of key health indicators like blood sugar levels. The device uses an electron-transporting polymer and glucose oxidase enzyme to drive its circuitry, offering an ideal alternative to current implantable devices.
Researchers at Kanazawa University developed a reaction to link three components simultaneously, creating highly functionalized ketones. The method uses free radical chemistry and an N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst, controlling the positions of functional groups with high selectivity.
A newly discovered bacterium, A6, can break down per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by transferring electrons from ammonium or hydrogen gas, rendering them harmless. The degradation process could potentially biodegrade PFAS in contaminated soil and groundwater under appropriate environmental conditions.
Scientists have successfully observed and controlled fast-paced chemical reactions using light, which could lead to new optical nanotechnology. The method uses ultrafast techniques to visualize the reaction, offering insights into molecular interactions and potential applications in materials design.
For the first time, researchers have visualized chemical processes in unprecedented detail using molecular electron microscopy. This breakthrough allows for the observation of discrete stages in chemical reactions, which could aid in the development of methods to synthesize chemicals with greater control and precision.
A recent study published in Plants revealed that electrons flowing through the reaction center chlorophyll (P700) in photosystem I undergo a charge recombination, producing chemical energy used in photosynthesis. This finding suggests an alternative pathway to suppress reactive oxygen species production and mitigate plant stress.
Researchers have developed a machine learning model to rapidly predict plasma behavior, allowing for real-time control of fusion reactions on Earth. The new model reduces calculation time from minutes to microseconds, enabling faster decision-making during experiments.
Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have made the first high-definition 'movie' of ring-shaped molecules breaking open in response to light. The results provide high-resolution details of the reaction, showing how bonds break and atoms jiggle around for extended periods of time.
Scientists have observed the structural bending and stretching of carbon disulphide molecules in real-time, revealing a linear-to-bent transition driven by electronic structure changes. This breakthrough uses advanced laser-induced electron diffraction techniques to capture snapshots of molecular dynamics with sub-atomic resolution.
Researchers have discovered a new class of polymer that can store and exchange electrons, leading to faster charging times for batteries. The organic radical polymers' unique structure allows rapid charge transfer during redox reactions.
Researchers have found that copper's electron structure can be altered, enabling it to act as a noble metal in catalyzing the preliminary hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate into methyl glycolate with high selectivity. The 'frozen' state of copper at zero valence is crucial for this process.
Using laser pulses and supercomputing simulations, researchers observed electrons' movements in real-time. This breakthrough study verifies theoretical predictions and provides new insights into atomic-scale processes governing chemical reactions.
This study introduces a green method for synthesizing benzopyrano and xanthenol compounds using TiO2 nanoparticles as catalysts. The reaction is carried out in aqueous medium at room temperature, yielding high yields (92-98%) within short reaction times.
Chemists at Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg have developed a new process that utilizes hydrated electrons to degrade dissolved pollutants. The process requires only sunlight and can be conducted outdoors with minimal equipment, offering a promising solution for water pollution remediation.
Scientists studied copper/gold and iron/palladium thin film reactions upon heating, enabling improved material properties for microelectronics. The research helps identify features of these systems for designing devices.
Researchers from PPPL presented their work on controlling plasma instabilities in fusion reactions, enabling high-performance plasmas. They also explored the formation of stars and planets through experiments on black hole magnetorotational instability.
A research team has captured high-resolution images of the photosystem II protein complex, revealing its structure and mechanism for splitting water. This breakthrough could lead to the development of cheap and efficient solar fuel devices.
Researchers have developed a method to convert alcohols into reactive carbon radicals, enabling the direct formation of C-C bonds. This approach allows the use of ubiquitous alcohols without complex pre-transformation steps.
Researchers at Zelinsky Institute successfully observed an organic catalytic reaction in a liquid medium using electron microscopy. The study demonstrated the possibilities of employing nanostructured reagents in organic synthesis and provided insights into the reaction mechanism and its potential practical applications.