Articles tagged with Electron Reactions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new IU study found that many college students enjoy feeling scared while playing video games, with 44.1% of participants reporting they enjoyed the experience. The researchers also discovered that interactivity, darkness, and disfigured humans were common factors causing fear in gamers.
A new technique combines electron microscopy and synchrotron X-rays to track chemical reactions under real operating conditions. This powerful operando approach reveals atomic-scale changes during catalytic reactions, providing unparalleled insight into nanoparticle structure.
The new cobalt-catalyzed [2π+2π] reaction overcomes limitations of other transition metal catalyzed methods, producing cyclobutane compounds with potentially beneficial properties. The research team used redox active bis(imino)pyridine ligands to pass electrons to and from the metal, leading to a detailed understanding of the mechanism.
A research team aims to create semi-artificial chloroplasts to produce biofuels and other chemicals, using synthetic biology tools. The 'Sun2Chem' project, funded by the EU with 1.2 million euros, will modify natural chloroplasts to generate biotechnologically relevant products.
Researchers at TUM create self-assembled catalyst to facilitate terpene cyclization, enabling production of complex compounds like taxol, used in cancer treatment. The breakthrough yields higher yields and improves reaction feasibility.
University of Utah scientists develop computational model to predict catalyst performance, allowing for the design of more efficient and selective catalysts. The model uses big data analysis to identify structural features that correlate with reaction selectivity.
Scientists at MIT and General Atomics successfully controlled the density of a fusion plasma using radio waves. The experiments revealed that turbulent density fluctuations intensify when most heat goes to electrons, which can be used to minimize turbulence and optimize core temperature under fusion conditions.
Scientists use ultrashort light pulses to observe the reaction of electrons with a crystal grid, revealing a coupling process that explains superconductivity. The study paves the way for research into high-temperature superconductors and introduces a new method for studying materials.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have successfully controlled the splitting of hydrocarbons into smaller fragments using femtosecond laser pulses. By manipulating the distribution of electrons, scientists can induce chemical reactions and select specific reaction paths.
Researchers at Umea University found that bicarbonate has a regulatory function in the splitting of water in photosynthesis. This discovery opens up a new research field investigating the biological and ecological consequences of the dual role of carbon dioxide.
Researchers discovered that electrons in cerium dioxide nanoparticles behave like a cloud, distributing themselves over the entire nanoparticle. This finding challenges the traditional model of electron behavior and opens up new avenues for research on nanomaterials.
Researchers at the University of York have developed a new technology allowing them to observe and analyze single atoms in dynamic experiments under realistic conditions. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding reactions in physical sciences, medicine, and energy sources.
A recent study by NJIT Assistant Professor Mei Liu has validated previously reported adverse drug reactions and identified new ones using data mining from electronic medical records (EMRs). The research correlated abnormal laboratory results with specific drug administrations to detect adverse reactions.
Researchers at NIST have improved the performance of solar-powered hydrogen generation by developing a new photoelectrochemical cell design that is stable, efficient and economical to produce. The device has an efficiency of 2.9%, significantly higher than previous results.
Wen Li, assistant professor of chemistry at Wayne State University, has been awarded a $50,000 Sloan Research Fellowship for his innovative research on chemical reactions. This prestigious fellowship recognizes Li's achievements and potential as a rising star in scientific leadership.
Researchers applied Deutsch–Märk and Binary-Encounter-Bethe methods to beryllium and its derivatives. The calculations provide improved understanding of electron impact ionization cross sections (EICS) for the ITER fusion chamber.
Electron mobility in iron oxide is crucial for understanding chemical reaction mechanisms, including uranium groundwater reactions and low-cost solar energy devices. The study reveals the rates of electron transport vary depending on iron oxide structure, with rates ranging from a single hop to five hops per nanosecond.
Researchers have developed a method to produce silver nanoparticles using pomegranate peel as a reducing agent, avoiding the use of harsh chemicals and industrial solvents. The process produces nanoparticles with a diameter of 5 nanometers and has potential applications in various fields.
Researchers have successfully visualized relay reactions at the atomic scale using a scanning tunneling microscope. This breakthrough allows for controlled transfer of hydrogen atoms along molecular chains, potentially enabling new information exchange methods in future electronics.
Scientists at Case Western Reserve University create an electrochemical cell with a stable plasma electrode, allowing for controlled electron transfer and reducing losses. The technology has the potential to improve battery and fuel cell efficiency and enable new applications such as hydrogen production and nanomaterial synthesis.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology and Tel Aviv University discovered dielectron charging of water nano-droplets, where excess electrons form doubly negatively charged clusters. The study reveals a water-splitting process resulting in molecular hydrogen liberation and hydroxide anions formation.
Guangwen Zhou, a Binghamton University mechanical engineer, has received the National Science Foundation's Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award for his work on oxidation and reduction reactions. His research could lead to more durable gadgets and 'greener' electronics-manufacturing processes.
A new method combining electrochemistry and photovoltaics is being explored to clean up oxidation reactions. By harnessing solar energy, the need for toxic chemicals can be eliminated, reducing environmental harm. The research aims to make chemical synthesis more efficient and environmentally friendly.
Carnegie Mellon University chemist Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and his team have developed a new method called electrochemically mediated ATRP, or eATRP, which allows for more precise control over the ATRP process. This breakthrough enables the creation of complex and specialized materials with tailored functionalities.
Researchers at MIT have created a novel set of self-assembling molecules that can turn sunlight into electricity and spontaneously reassemble after degradation. The system, which includes carbon nanotubes and phospholipids, has an efficiency of around 40%, nearly double that of current commercial solar cells.
Researchers at Uppsala University shed light on ribosome function by detailing chemical reaction mechanisms, identifying key role of water molecules in catalysis. The findings suggest a few components induce the catalytic effect, with surrounding structure holding them in place.
University of California, Berkeley chemists use ultrafast laser pulses to study green fluorescent protein's structural changes during fluorescence. The study reveals the importance of vibrational oscillations in proton transfer reactions, shedding light on how GFP captures and emits light.
Researchers found that zinc-coordinated reaction centers have similar physical and chemical properties to magnesium-containing reaction centers. This discovery enables a deeper understanding of photosynthesis structure, function, and evolution.
Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and NETL demonstrated a molecular chain reaction on a metal surface, rearranging bonds in consecutive molecules. The process has potential applications in information storage and nanotechnology.
Scientists developed a new method to control and image individual fluorescent electron transfer molecules, revealing mavericks that shine when they shouldn't. This study aims to better understand electron transfer reactions central to photosynthesis and biofuel production.
Porphyrin molecules change color when oxidized or reduced, allowing researchers to track individual molecules and understand redox reactions. This breakthrough could lead to advances in molecular electronics, catalysis, information storage, and solar energy conversion.
A research team led by Neal Woodbury has uncovered a new view of photosynthesis, revealing the orchestrated movement of proteins on a millionth of a second. This discovery helps explain why changing the energetics didn't knock out photosynthesis, and offers lessons for improving organic solar cells.
Researchers have discovered a new type of plastic that can conduct electricity as well as current semiconductors, enabling mobile phones and other devices to withstand accidental drops. This material has the potential to revolutionize consumer electronics, making products cheaper and more durable.
Researchers have found a new class of gold catalysts that can act as both an acceptor and a donor of electrons in chemical reactions. This unique property allows gold to participate in reactions at carbon-carbon bonds, leading to the creation of novel organic molecules.
Researchers at MIT and Harvard discover the final piece of vitamin B12's synthesis pathway, solving a decades-long mystery. The enzyme BluB catalyzes the formation of a key fragment, DMB, through an unusual cannibalization reaction.
University of Chicago chemist David Mazziotti has developed a new method for determining electron behavior in atoms and molecules, achieving accuracy rates of 95-100%. This breakthrough could have wide applications in various chemical phenomena, including fuel efficiency, ozone depletion, and medicine design.
Researchers created a new process for free radical polymerization, the chemical reaction responsible for creating everyday plastic products. The new method takes place at room temperature, uses less metal catalyst and allows for greater control over molecular architecture.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis and Stanford University have created a mutant photosynthetic reaction center that passes electrons along an alternative pathway with a high yield of 70 percent. This breakthrough advances the understanding of photosynthesis, a crucial process for plant energy production.
Purdue researchers led by Jorge H. Rodriguez are developing computational tools to simulate and predict biochemical reactions using quantum physics. This technique could help select the best potential new drug compounds and expand knowledge of life's fundamental processes.
Researchers have successfully synthesized ammonia from nitrogen using a simple compound of iron and hydrogen in solution, marking a significant step toward achieving one of chemistry's coveted goals. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient and sustainable production of ammonia, a vital fertilizer for global food supply.
Mazziotti's new method accurately represents electrons' positions in molecules, reducing computer power requirements. The breakthrough has applications in medicine, where it could aid in treating sickle-cell anemia, and in superconductivity research.
Using electron-stimulated desorption (ESD), researchers at Georgia Tech demonstrated that hydrochloric acid dissociates quickly upon contact with icy surfaces, even at temperatures below 100 degrees Kelvin. This study provides new insights into atmospheric chemistry and the surface activity of ice crystals.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a system that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy, producing hydrogen gas. The team's molecular machines use light signals to collect and deliver electrons, enabling the production of hydrogen through artificial photosynthesis.
A stable cluster of aluminum atoms, Al13, demonstrates properties similar to those of a halogen, retaining its properties during chemical reactions and in reaction products. The research uses experimental evidence and theoretical calculations to show that the cluster can be considered a 'superhalogen' atom.
Ruedenberg's theories describe how molecules' energy states change during reactions, predicting product properties. His contributions help elucidate bond formation between atoms.
Researchers have successfully created a novel chemical sensor based on an experimental physics phenomenon, allowing for the direct detection of molecules. This innovation has significant implications for various industrial applications, including manufacturing processes and environmental monitoring.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new description of microbial kinetics based on chemiosmotic theory, providing a fundamental explanation for microbial metabolism. The unified theory predicts results from experiments under various conditions and offers a simple explanation for threshold substrate concentrations.
Researchers use ultrashort laser pulses to activate a critical surface reaction, allowing for the oxidation of CO molecules on transition metal surfaces. This novel approach enables the system to rapidly transfer energy into the oxygen-metal bond, outpacing desorption processes and unlocking new chemical pathways.