Articles tagged with Electron Reactions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery in understanding the conversion of CO2 to electrofuels, shifting from trial-and-error to rational catalyst design. They found that CO2 activation begins with one common intermediate, carboxylate CO2, which is attached to the surface with C and O atoms.
Researchers have developed a technique to control individual molecules for a millionth of a billionth of a second, reducing reaction time by over two orders of magnitude. This breakthrough enables precise control over chemical reactions at the single molecule level, opening up new avenues for nanoscale research and discovery.
Researchers at Kanazawa University developed a novel method for hydroboration of alkynes utilizing radical chemistry, resulting in the creation of previously inaccessible trans-hydroboration products. This breakthrough enables the synthesis of various bench-stable alkenyl borane compounds that can be converted into drug candidates.
Recent advances in organocalcium-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions of element-H bonds are summarized. The use of calcium compounds as catalysts has been shown to be effective and environmentally friendly, providing a cost-effective solution for industrial applications.
A team of researchers developed an electrically conductive MOF that conducts electricity up to 10,000 times better than before, using a potassium chemical mix to boost conductivity. The new material has high electron mobility and can be used in various applications including batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.
UCLA researchers have discovered a chemical reaction that uses non-classical carbocations to convert alkanes from petroleum waste into more chemically useful compounds. The finding introduces new ways to break apart strong bonds in alkanes and has practical potential for processing unwanted waste products.
A KAIST team identified that the formation of metal-oxide interfaces has a synergistic catalytic effect on bimetal catalysts. This is achieved through in situ imaging, revealing that interfacial platinum-nickel oxide nanostructures increase catalytic activity while providing thermodynamically efficient reaction pathways.
Researchers at Rutgers University have developed star-shaped gold nanoparticles that can produce hydrogen from water over four times more efficiently than other methods. The breakthrough uses visible and infrared light to excite electrons in the gold nanoparticles, which then catalyze the reaction.
Scientists have synthesized a new cathode material from iron fluoride that surpasses the capacity limits of traditional lithium-ion batteries. By manipulating the reaction pathway through chemical substitution, researchers were able to make the material more reversible, increasing its energy density by tripling it.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have elucidated the role of a small metal catalyst and an amino acid in the release of oxygen from water in photosystem II, a complex protein structure found in plants and algae. The discovery sheds light on the intricate chemistry of photosynthesis and has potential applications in improving crop productivi...
Researchers developed a novel double-layered porous nanotube structure with spatially separated photoredox surfaces for enhanced photocatalytic activity. The structure, synthesized using a self-template strategy, showed improved charge carrier separation and surface redox reaction sites.
Researchers at UCF develop new method for producing ammonia, a vital ingredient in fertilizers, using renewable energy and reducing high-energy barriers. The new approach, utilizing palladium hydride catalysts, may inspire other reactions for renewable energy conversion.
Researchers have developed a new method for generating fast X-rays using standard laboratory lasers, allowing them to image the movement of electrons in organic materials. This breakthrough enables the study of extreme reaction steps and could lead to improved solar cells and catalysts.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo have developed a method to produce conjugated polymers using a dehydration reaction, resulting in cheap and environmentally friendly plastics. This breakthrough aims to streamline production and bring affordable electronics to market.
A research team has found a way to understand and manipulate charge transfers in molecular junctions, enabling the creation of predictable molecular diodes. This breakthrough has significant implications for the field of chemistry and could lead to novel electronics applications.
Scientists have discovered a new method to trigger chemical reactions using tiny diamond anvils, which can break bonds and trigger electron transfers without heat or solvents. This breakthrough could lead to more precise and environmentally friendly chemistry.
Scientists have successfully observed radiation reaction in a lab experiment, where an ultra-intense laser slows down electrons. This phenomenon is thought to occur near black holes and quasars, and provides insights into quantum effects beyond classical physics.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a systematic understanding of sequential deposition reaction for metal halide perovskite formation. The study used X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and cross-sectional photo-luminescence mapping to investigate the crystallization of lead iodide and perovskite film formation.
Scientists at the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory have improved computer models for understanding electron affinity in water. The new estimates may help create better ways to split water for hydrogen fuel and other chemical processes.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology have developed a one-pot approach to synthesizing conjugated tetraenes from inexpensive reagents, eliminating waste production and simplifying the process. The new method has potential applications in electronic materials, natural products, and pharmaceutical molecules.
Scientists developed adsorption-energy-based activity descriptors to improve electrocatalytic activity in energy storage. The descriptors are linked to interfacial electronic coupling, providing a new method for selecting high-activity catalysts and understanding structure-activity relationships.
A new technique for synthesizing thiophene derivatives has been developed, offering a convenient and effective two-step procedure. The compounds exhibit promising photophysical properties, including fluorescence, making them suitable for various applications, including OLEDs and potential biomedicine uses.
Bittner's research aims to optimize pathways for energy conversion, using an algorithm that predicts electronic coupling and nuclear motions. The algorithm, developed with collaborators, can perform thousands of calculations months on a high-performance computer.
Researchers at ETH Zurich generate the world's shortest controlled laser pulse with a duration of 43 attoseconds, allowing for unprecedented time resolution in studying molecular dynamics. This breakthrough enables faster charge transfer and potentially more efficient solar cells.
Researchers have demonstrated that incoherent electrons can induce coherence in molecular systems through attachment, leading to the ejection of ions in a preferred direction. This breakthrough has significant implications for controlling chemical reactions using photons and understanding the dynamics of excited molecular negative ions.
Scientists from RUDN University have synthesized a range of cytotoxic substances with potential anticancer activity. The compounds were obtained through domino reactions, and their cytotoxic effects were confirmed in primary bioscreening.
Researchers used computational simulations to test the effectiveness of various radical pairs in avian magnetoreception. The results indicate that the current understanding of the radical-pair mechanism cannot explain the disruption of the bird's magnetic compass by certain radiofrequency magnetic fields.
Scientists have designed a new single-site catalyst that speeds up the rate of water oxidation, releasing protons and electrons that can be used to create hydrogen fuel. The catalyst improves upon previous designs, achieving a comparable rate to natural photosynthesis per catalytic site.
A team of scientists from ASU and Penn State University has discovered the structure of a reaction center that preserves the characteristics of the ancestral one, providing new insight into the evolution of photosynthesis. This breakthrough sheds light on the process by which organisms harness light energy to drive their metabolism.
Researchers successfully performed thermonuclear measurements of nuclear reaction cross-sections in extreme plasma conditions, replicating previous accelerator experiments. This achievement lays groundwork for studying phenomena in stellar interiors, such as plasma electron screening.
Researchers from ETH Zurich and Microsoft Research demonstrate that quantum computers can evaluate complex chemical reactions scientifically relevant results. Quantum computers can potentially calculate the reaction mechanism of nitrogenase step by step, but they will serve as a supplement to classical computers.
Researchers from Arizona State University have gained a fundamental understanding of the early evolution of photosynthesis by resolving the core membrane protein structure in the simplest known photosynthetic bacterium. This discovery provides a new template for organic-based solar panel design and possible renewable biofuel applications.
Researchers at Nagoya Institute of Technology have developed a new reaction system that produces aziridines with high yield and selectivity. The method uses phosphite as a catalyst and achieves high rates of production of one enantiomer, which is essential for pharmaceutical applications.
Researchers at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of Poland have demonstrated that increasing light intensity can accelerate chemical reactions by several dozen percent. This discovery has implications for various applications, including microscopic imaging techniques and ultra-fast spectroscopy.
By controlling electron spin, scientists have almost fully suppressed hydrogen peroxide formation during water splitting, paving the way for efficient solar-based hydrogen production. This breakthrough could lead to more stable and efficient photoelectrochemical cells, increasing the feasibility of using solar energy to split water.
Researchers capture snapshots of electronic structure during a transient state of a reaction using femtosecond pulses of X-ray light on a tabletop apparatus. The study provides insights into the ring-opening reactions of cyclic molecules, relevant to photobiological synthesis and optoelectronic technologies.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a predictive model for Ni cross-coupling success based on subtle steric differences in ligand parameters. The study found that remote steric hindrance enhances reaction yields, which could help explain why Pd-based ligands are less effective on the smaller Ni atom.
Scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison solved the structure of an enzyme that attacks toluene, a chemical derived from wood and oil. The study reveals a less reactive form of iron-oxygen intermediate that avoids side reactions, offering insights for synthetic chemists.
Researchers have successfully filmed inter-molecular chemical reactions in real-time at the atomic level, revolutionizing material development and discovery. The study utilizes the electron beam of a TEM as both an imaging tool and energy source to drive specific chemical reactions.
An ASU-led team has developed the first controllable DNA switch, allowing for reversible control of electricity flow within a single molecule. The modified DNA helix can conduct electricity and is reversibly controlled using an anthraquinone group.
Dutch and Israeli researchers have successfully controlled electron spin in a photo-electrochemical cell, reducing the production of hydrogen peroxide and increasing water splitting efficiency. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient hydrogen generation through solar energy.
Scientists captured real-time, dynamic visualizations of atoms moving in and out of nanoparticles less than 100 nanometers in size. The experiments provided insight into the chemical and physical sciences, revealing that nanoparticles can self-heal and become more durable energy storage materials.
Researchers from Imperial College London and Johannes Kepler University have determined the speed of crucial processes in photosynthesis for the first time using ultrafast imaging. The study reveals that the slowest step is not the water-splitting reaction, but rather the light harvesting and transfer process.
Researchers at MIT and Germany describe a new technique for generating ultrashort electron bursts, potentially leading to a shoebox-sized device that consumes less power than car-size laboratory devices. This could enable real-time imaging of cellular machinery in action with attosecond X-ray pulses.
Researchers at ICFO have successfully imaged molecular bond breakup in acetylene using ultrafast mid-IR laser source and reaction microscope. The team observed a proton escaping the molecule, providing unprecedented insight into chemical reactions.
A team of researchers at Princeton University has devised a novel pathway for reactivity that bypasses the need for reactive functional groups. The method uses proton-coupled electron transfer to form valuable carbon-carbon bonds, opening up new synthetic opportunities.
Researchers have discovered a phenomenon where certain oxides oscillate when exposed to water vapor, generating oxygen gas and exhibiting flexibility unlike expected. The exact frequency of the oscillations can be precisely tuned, which could have practical applications in battery materials and water-splitting devices.
Researchers have observed a unique phenomenon in perovskite oxides, where they oscillate when exposed to water vapor and electron beams, generating oxygen gas. The exact frequency of the oscillations can be precisely tuned, which could have practical applications for battery development and water-splitting devices.
Researchers at the University of Southampton have developed a new method to harness the unused potential of photosynthesis by introducing an additional enzyme that captures more light energy. This innovation enables the efficient bioremediation of polluted wastewater areas, as shown in their study published in ACS Synthetic Biology.
Researchers at University of Toronto have created a biologically-derived battery that stores energy in flavin from vitamin B2, a green alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries. The battery has high capacity and high voltage, making it suitable for powering next-generation consumer electronics.
The IBS team successfully detected hot electrons in a liquid interface, expanding the possibilities for catalytic reactions. This breakthrough may lead to highly efficient devices for applications such as fuel cells and artificial photosynthesis.
A new study uses electron scavenging to mimic radiation damage in a material called trifluoroacetamide (TFAA), triggering selective reactions and creating specific negative ions. The findings provide insights into the effects of low-energy electrons on biological tissues, potentially leading to better protection methods.
Researchers developed a theoretical model to forecast chemical reactions involving molecular hydrogen, accurately calculating the probability of electron-molecular hydrogen reactions. The model has major implications for fusion plasmas, aerospace materials, astrophysics, and medical applications.
The study suggests that low-energy electron and UV irradiation of methanol ices yield the same reaction products, with potential implications for the interstellar synthesis of prebiotic molecules. Future research will investigate this phenomenon further, potentially providing new insights into the origins of life.
A novel study reveals a method for controlling hot molecule reactions using precise temperature modulation and degree of bending. The researchers found that resonant energy positions decrease as molecular bending increases, affecting interaction likelihood with electrons.
Researchers discovered bacteria capable of using iron as an electron acceptor, enabling them to process energy and potentially leading to the origins of life. The studies also have implications for the search for life on Mars, where iron metabolism could be a crucial component.
The IBS team developed a graphene-semiconductor catalytic nanodiode that enables the detection of hot electrons on platinum nanoparticles in real time. This breakthrough allows researchers to study the electronic effect on catalytic activity and potentially design improved catalytic materials with lower costs.
Physicists have developed ultrashort electron pulses to capture atomic motions in four dimensions, providing a sharp snapshot of molecular processes. The new technique enables the visualization of single atoms and reconstruction of atomic structures, revolutionizing our understanding of molecular dynamics.
Researchers have found a way to capture high-energy electrons from plasmonic metals, opening a new pathway to efficient solar energy conversion. By coupling nano-rods of cadmium selenide with gold nanoparticles, they can harness the energy and use it to fuel chemical reactions.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a new chemical reaction that breaks the strongest bond in a molecule instead of the weakest. Using a two-component catalyst system, they selectively activate the strongest bond through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), allowing access to previously inaccessible compounds.