Articles tagged with Fluids
Researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology have found that cilia are essential for normal brain development and functioning. In zebrafish larvae, groups of cells with cilia create a stable directional flow of cerebrospinal fluid within individual ventricles.
Researchers developed a physical model describing crowd movement and behavior, predicting speed information spreads through the group like waves. The generic description can accurately predict crowd flows in various settings, with little variation between groups.
The new technique uses larger amounts of interstitial fluid to analyze electrolyte levels and diagnose diseases. It has the potential to predict disease onset more quickly than current methods.
Researchers at Pitt develop a two-dimensional, shape-changing sheet that wraps, flaps and creeps in a reactant-filled fluid. The team introduces a coating of catalysts on the flexible sheet, initiating motion and reconfiguration through catalytic chemical reactions.
The University of Birmingham has developed an innovative eye drop treatment that rapidly reduces sight-threatening scarring to the surface of the eye. This novel treatment, which consists of a fluid gel loaded with a natural wound-healing protein called Decorin, shows promise in promoting scarless healing and improving corneal transpar...
During zebrafish development, a region of the embryo switches from viscous to liquid, allowing it to take shape. The study found that this process is mediated by cell division and regulated by non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
A new hydrothermal vent field, JaichMaat, has been discovered using submarine robotics. The vent field features multiple mounds with unique geological and geochemical characteristics, supporting diverse microbial and animal communities. Detailed maps allow for the quantification of these communities in relation to geologic features.
Researchers found predictable patterns of fluid movement in stationary biofilms, enabling the drawing of distant nutrients. Biofilms can generate strong currents capable of pulling in nutrients, regardless of bacterium orientation.
A large clinical study in Australia and New Zealand aims to better understand sepsis treatment practices and evaluate the effectiveness of a reduced fluid approach. The study, funded by the Emergency Medicine Foundation, will investigate how intravenous fluids are used to treat sepsis patients.
Scientists have developed a new approach to modeling turbulence, which allows for the simplification of complex systems. By representing both growing and decaying motions, researchers can greatly improve existing models and tackle previously intractable problems, such as fusion experiments and weather forecasting.
A new study found that uranium in mine dust can dissolve in simulated lung fluids and bloodstream, increasing the risk of disease. The researchers tested dust samples from five sites near uranium mines in New Mexico, discovering that mineral composition affects solubility.
A new study by University of Texas at Austin researchers reveals that the primary driver of solutal convection in porous media is not density, but mechanical dispersion. The findings contradict decades of scientific consensus and have significant implications for CO2 sequestration and other applications.
Virginia Tech professors Shane Ross and Traian Iliescu receive NSF grant to create a computational model-based simulation that quickly predicts contaminant spread. The research aims to improve forecasts of disaster response operations, minimizing environmental damage and costs.
Brazilian researchers clarify aquatic dune dynamics, contradicting conventional models. Their findings have applications in understanding Martian terrain and optimizing oil flows.
Researchers design robotic system inspired by jumping copepods and frogs, revealing the importance of body size and entrained water mass in achieving maximum jumping heights. The robot's limitations highlight the challenges of entering or exiting air-water interfaces.
Fetal single ventricle defects can be identified with echocardiograms, but irregular filling mechanics may contribute to defects in developing fetal hearts. Researchers are exploring how flow patterns affect outcome and could use fluid dynamics to advance the mechanistic understanding of heart failure in children.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have discovered a drug that can block the spread of glioblastoma, the deadliest form of brain cancer, by halting the rapid movement of fluid within the body. The breakthrough finding could lead to improved treatment options for patients with glioblastoma.
Researchers at Georgia Tech discover that wok tossing is a critical aspect of cooking fried rice, involving two oscillating motions: translational and rotational. By understanding these motions, they aim to develop robotic designs for automated fried rice cooking.
Scientists studied animals' sniffing behavior to design a better electronic nose that can detect different odors. The sensor uses airflow control and customized pumps to mimic animal sniffing patterns, promising applications in food safety, national security, and more.
Researchers found that Ant-Man and the Wasp's bug-sized state would lead to serious oxygen deprivation issues due to reduced atmospheric density. Microfluidic technologies could help alleviate these issues by providing controlled flow rates and directions of air, similar to insect respiratory systems.
Researchers studied the digestive tracts of wombats and found that elastic properties of intestinal walls allow for cube formation. Wombats use cube-shaped poop to mark their home ranges and communicate with other wombats.
Researchers have proposed a solution to the uncomfortable and messy issue of providing urine samples. A patented product called the Orchid, designed by Faith Leibman, features a funnel-like catch attached to a urine sample cup, making it easier for women and people with disabilities to provide a urine sample.
Investigations by Utah State University researchers reveal that two-seam fastball pitch movement is influenced by finger grip and spin axis tilt. The knuckleball's unique point of separation mid-flight also affects its trajectory, contrary to initial assumptions based on the Magnus effect.
A team of researchers analyzed aerial video footage of bicycle races to determine the causes of changes in peloton collective behavior. They found two types of propagating waves within pelotons, driven by rider vision and sensory input, which challenge previous assumptions about aerodynamics' role in group dynamics.
Researchers found that bacteria can affect a bubble's longevity, causing it to last up to 10 times longer than an uncontaminated one. The team discovered that bacterial secretions act as surfactants, extending the lifetime of contaminated bubbles by reducing surface tension and making them more resistant to perturbations.
Researchers at OIST investigate viscoelastic fluid flow over wavy surfaces, revealing unexpected effects of elasticity. The critical layer, a region where vortices are amplified, is confirmed experimentally for the first time.
Researchers developed a predictive model to guide clinicians in deciding when to give potentially life-saving drugs to ER patients suffering from sepsis. The model analyzes health data and predicts whether patients will need vasopressors within the next few hours, with an accuracy rate of over 80 percent.
A team of researchers from North Carolina State University has identified two promising proteins, chitinase-3 like1 and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, that may improve the diagnosis and prognosis of ALS. The study found that models developed from proteins in cerebrospinal fluid were more useful than those in blood plasma.
Researchers have long believed cell membranes act like a viscous liquid, but a new study suggests they are closer to a semi-solid like Jell-O. The discovery was made by Harvard University scientists who used fluorescent protein and mechanical actuators to measure membrane tension.
A wearable device can monitor shunt performance in patients with hydrocephalus, allowing them to detect fluid flow within five minutes. The device could save patients from hospital visits and costly scans, improving their quality of life.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new method to process larger volumes of fluid using individual fibers, overcoming limitations in traditional microfluidic devices. This innovation enables the detection of rare substances, such as cancerous cells among millions of normal cells.
Researchers at UC San Diego discovered human milk oligosaccharides in amniotic fluid during pregnancy, which may influence early microbiome development and prevent preterm birth. HMOs' presence in amniotic fluid also suggests potential benefits for prenatal lung and brain development.
A study of 140 premenopausal women with recurrent cystitis found that those drinking more water (1.5 liters daily) experienced less frequent infections (average 1.7 vs 3.2 episodes). Drinking more water may be a safe and inexpensive alternative to antimicrobial treatment.
A novel method for monitoring surface wave velocities in the shallow subsurface has been developed by researchers at Kyushu University, providing high spatiotemporal resolution. The approach enables accurate detection of natural phenomena and fluid leakage from deep underground storage sites.
Researchers at Oregon State University discovered a novel filtering mechanism in manta rays that could improve commercial applications. Manta rays filter zooplankton and microcrustaceans using arrays of leaf-like lobes, allowing them to retain smaller particles while avoiding clogging.
Researchers have discovered that spherical particles submerged in viscous liquids travel along flexible surfaces by 'catching a wave', offering new insights into biological processes and a gentler method for measuring cell membrane elasticity. This approach also enables easy sorting of particles by size, similar to an automatic coin-so...
A new study finds that a simple blood test can detect early changes caused by Huntington's disease, even before brain scans can pick up signs. The test measures two biomarkers, NfL protein in blood and mutant huntingtin protein in brain fluid, to track the disease's progression.
Researchers used state-of-the-art techniques to measure cell forces and stresses in zebrafish embryos, discovering a fundamental physical mechanism for shaping embryonic tissues. This finding provides insight into human health issues like cancer formation and organ engineering.
A study of injection wells reveals that they can cause earthquakes up to 6 miles away from the well site. Injecting fluids into sedimentary rock produces bigger, more distant earthquakes compared to injecting into the underlying basement rock. This challenges current recommendations for hydraulic fracturing and wastewater disposal.
A new catheter-based sclerotherapy technique is a safe and effective treatment for endometrial cysts, decreasing their size and relieving pain. The procedure also preserves ovarian function and improves future fertility outcomes.
Researchers on the International Space Station are studying ferrofluids with magnetic fields to create pump systems without mechanical moving parts. This could extend system lifetimes and improve performance in next-generation space vehicles.
Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University studied how microswimmers navigate gels with contrasting results based on swimmer features and size relative to the gel's mesh. They discovered two mechanisms for achieving motion, one through breaking time-reversal symmetry and the other by modulating arm amplitudes
A joint British-Italian team has shown that the clustering of three deadly quakes in Italy's Apennine mountains may have been caused by a cross-cutting network of underground faults. The research found that smaller faults prevented a single massive earthquake from occurring and also triggered later earthquakes.
Researchers at University of Stuttgart are developing tools to make supercritical heat transfer more viable using high-performance computing and machine learning. They explore using carbon dioxide as a cleaner alternative to water in power plants, which could reduce hardware requirements by ten-fold.
A study of stunted children found decompensation of the gastrointestinal tract and increased abundance of oropharyngeal taxa in their gut microbiomes. This suggests a key role for oral cavity bacteria in childhood growth stunting.
Linda Gesenhues and Markus Höhnerbach receive fellowships for their work on finite element simulation of turbidity currents and portable optimizations of complex molecular dynamics codes. Their research has potential applications in geological phenomena, such as underwater volcanoes and earthquakes.
Researchers develop a novel approach using the Lattice-Boltzmann method to accurately model atmospheric turbulence in complex environments, reducing computational load and improving prediction accuracy. This breakthrough has significant implications for military operations, civilian planning, and emergency response.
Researchers from EPFL and ENS Paris have discovered that highly pressurized water in the vicinity of an earthquake can reduce its intensity. This finding contradicts previous theories and highlights the importance of considering fluid pressure in geothermal models to accurately predict earthquake behavior.
A team of engineers and physicians at the University of California - San Diego developed a device that diffuses potent disinfectants for airborne delivery. The device effectively eliminated bacteria commonly causing hospital-acquired infections and also killed highly multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria including K. pneumoniae.
Researchers create a digital microfluidics platform using soundwaves and oil to avoid contamination for reusable lab-on-a-chip devices. The technology enables programmable, rewritable biomedical chips with exponentially increased combinations of reagent inputs.
Scientists have identified a new target for treating pneumonia, which shows promise in restoring tight barriers and improving fluid clearance. The target is ENaC-alpha, a subunit of natural channels that mediate sodium uptake and play a role in fluid movement.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have discovered that meningeal lymphatic vessels in the brain play a crucial role in maintaining healthy brain function, and dysfunction can contribute to cognitive decline. Treating these vessels with a molecule increased fluid flow and improved learning and memory tasks in aged mice.
A team at NYU Tandon School of Engineering made surprising findings about the physics of water entry, particularly with solid objects in the water. The study revealed unexpected effects, including a decrease in pressure near a solid cylinder and an increase in pressure towards the keel of a wedge.
Researchers analyzed data from multiple studies on dehydration and cognitive ability, finding that functions like attention and complex problem-solving suffer most. The study also warned that older people and those with high body fat content are more susceptible to dehydration-related impairments.
Researchers from MSU found evidence of CO<sub>2</sub>-rich fluids in graphite samples and fluid inclusions in quartz, suggesting the rocks formed through interaction with the Kaapvaal Craton. This discovery provides insights into the geological history of the Limpopo Complex and its potential for ore prospecting.
University of Utah engineers uncover the reasons behind vertigo caused by specific sounds, linking it to a thinning of the bone enclosing the inner ear. The study reveals pathological fluid mechanical waves in the semicircular canals as the culprit, causing incorrect signals sent to the brain.
Bacteria can reduce liquid viscosity and make it flow frictionlessly. Researchers at the University of Bristol found that bacterial suspensions can exhibit negative viscosity, a phenomenon previously thought impossible in physics. This discovery could lead to the development of bacteria-powered machines.
Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) enhance wellbore stability by plugging nano-sized pores in shale formations. This study investigates the effects of MWCNT & PEG on water base mud performance, revealing improved rheological properties and thermal stability.
A team of researchers has developed a new method to measure and reconstruct interstitial fluid flow velocities in the brain. The technique reveals high variability in flow rates and magnitudes, contradicting the classical idea of a uniform flow rate. This discovery could potentially help predict tumor growth and improve cancer treatments.
The endolymphatic sac acts as a pressure-relief valve for the inner ear, regulating fluid pressure and composition. The discovery may inform the study and treatment of disorders like Meniere's disease.