Articles tagged with Particle Physics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A collaborative research centre at the University of Konstanz is studying directional properties of particles and their superstructures. The SFB 1214 aims to create a new generation of materials with tailor-made properties by controlling particle arrangement.
Physicists have developed a way to differentiate between the active motions of living cells and those driven by random molecular movements. The method uses video imaging and analysis to identify non-equilibrium systems in living organisms.
Researchers at UC San Diego found that DNA segments become jammed within viruses when sticky, causing the DNA to behave like LEGO pieces. Adding polyamines can cause viral DNA to become jammed and halt packaging.
Researchers from the University of Surrey have discovered a new physical mechanism that separates particles according to their size during the drying of wet coatings. This 'self-layering' process creates two layers with independent properties, which could improve the performance of coatings across industries.
Researchers successfully simulated the Unruh effect using an NMR quantum simulator, replicating theoretical predictions and creating new quantum correlations. The study paves the way for exploring accelerated systems in black hole physics, cosmology, and particle physics.
Researchers used infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry to study the interaction between probe molecules and oxide surfaces. They found that surface layers behave like glass-forming liquids, with density and dynamic behavior influencing interactions.
Researchers at St John's College, University of Cambridge, developed a computer program that can answer the mind-bending puzzle of arranging 128 soft spheres. The solution, 10^250, vastly exceeds the total number of particles in the universe and has implications for understanding configurational entropy and its applications in physics ...
Researchers at PPPL developed a new model explaining how magnetic islands cool in tokamaks, leading to the density limit. This finding could lead to steps to overcome the barrier and improve fusion efficiency.
A new Mainz-based Emmy Noether independent junior research group aims to explain the principles behind the transport and controlled arrangement of colloidal particles. The goal is to combine microfluidics and self-assembly in soft materials for a more profound understanding and new uses.
Physicists at MIT have found a phenomenon described as a 'ring of exceptional points' produced by the Dirac cone, potentially leading to applications in powerful lasers and precise optical sensors. The discovery represents the first experimental demonstration of this phenomenon.
A CU-Boulder-led study has discovered a permanent, lopsided dust cloud enveloping the moon. The cloud is composed of tiny dust grains kicked up by high-speed interplanetary dust particles, and its density increases during annual events like the Geminid meteor showers.
KAIST researchers create a novel technique for precisely tracking the 3D positions of optically trapped particles with complicated geometry. The Optical Diffraction Tomography (ODT) method measures 3D images in high speed, enabling the visualization and analysis of particles in various fields.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology discovered that a cloud of atoms can exhibit multiple temperatures at once. The experiment utilized a microchip to cool the gas near absolute zero, allowing scientists to measure its behavior. This breakthrough helps understand the fundamental laws of quantum physics and their relationship...
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed nanoparticles that can interact with oil-water interfaces without clumping together. By measuring pressure and density, they've established universal rules governing the physics of these systems, which could lead to advances in nanomanufacturing, catalysis, and photonic devices.
Researchers at OIST create non-spherical particles using a simple and low-cost method that can be scaled up for various industries. The study reveals four possible shapes: ellipsoid, mushroom, flake-like, and disc, with applications in food processing, cosmetics, and drug delivery systems.
Researchers at NYU have developed a method to monitor microscopic particles' properties during chemical reactions, enabling improved product design and production. This technique offers benefits for various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Texas-based Shackleton Energy Company plans to mine lunar water ice and convert it into rocket propellant, with Moon Express also interested in using the resource as fuel. Meanwhile, China is making headway in mining rare-earth elements on the Moon, sparking interest in establishing a human settlement.
Researchers at City College of New York have discovered a new type of quantum particle that combines light and matter properties. This breakthrough could lead to the development of devices that utilize both light and matter, potentially revolutionizing computing and communication technologies.
Researchers used NASA wind tunnel to study threshold speeds for particle movement on Titan, finding higher speeds than predicted from Earth-based models. The findings can help understand atmospheric forces on icy moons and planets with thin or thick atmospheres.
Physicists in Innsbruck developed a new quantum error-correcting method and tested it experimentally. The topological code arranges qubits on a two-dimensional lattice to detect and correct general errors. This approach could lead to a robust quantum computer performing any number of operations without being impeded by errors.
The team of researchers used innovative simulation methods to gain a deeper understanding of finite-size corrections in interfacial tension calculations. Their work will enable more accurate predictions and help analyze interfacial tension with high precision using simulations.
The CCNY team created a model that predicts how resistance changes in relation to stirring speed, which can help improve the processing of materials in suspension. The model modifies classical fluid mechanics approaches to include forces resulting from friction, allowing for accurate reproduction of experimental observations.
Water in cells slows down in tight spaces between proteins, affecting binding sites for pharmaceuticals and disease progression. The findings provide insights into how proteins aggregate in diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Scientists at DIII-D National Fusion Facility shed light on mechanisms that eject fast ions from plasma, enabling detailed tests of models predicting these effects in future reactors. By analyzing particle interactions with multiple waves, researchers gain unprecedented insight into fundamental wave-particle physics.
French researchers' oil-bath experiments provide evidence of wave-particle duality on a macroscopic scale. However, the phenomenon fails to explain entanglement, a key aspect of quantum theory.
Researchers have developed large area picosecond photodetectors that can measure particle speed with sub-picosecond resolution and spatial precision measured in micrometers. The detectors use Atomic Layer Deposition technique and have potential applications in high-energy physics, medical imaging, and homeland security.
Researchers develop method to classify quantum entanglement states into geometric objects called polytopes, allowing for efficient prediction and characterization of entangled states. This breakthrough enables the development of novel quantum technologies with practical applications.
Kimball Milton, a University of Oklahoma physics professor, has been awarded a grant from the Simons Foundation Fellows Program in Theoretical Physics. He will explore the physics and applications of the quantum vacuum, including the Casimir effect and its potential for practical uses in nanoscale machines.
Physicists at Technical University of Munich develop a method to store information in mechanical vibrations, reducing sensitivity to electrical interference. This innovation could lead to more powerful quantum computers by utilizing carbon nanotubes as quantum bits.
Researchers have developed a method to measure nanoparticles as small as 1 nm in diameter using the Particle Size Magnifier (PSM) instrument. The study reveals that sulphuric acid, amines, and oxygenated organics are necessary for nanoparticle growth.
Researchers found that forces between individual grains are what drives changes in behavior and state of granular materials like sand or dirt, not temperature. This discovery reveals a new understanding of how granular systems equilibrate, challenging the conventional wisdom on thermodynamics.
Researchers at NYU's Center for Soft Matter Research have developed a method to move and assemble microscopic particles using blue light. This innovation has the potential to create new materials and enhance the design of industrial products like electronics.
Researchers found that different particles create smooth or rough deposition profiles at the drop edge depending on their shape. They tested Poisson and KPZ processes, two classes of interfacial growth processes, and discovered elongated particles produced a KPZ class of growth.
Researchers Aparna Baskaran and Cristina Marchetti found that a uniform nematic state can be disturbed by density fluctuations associated with an upward current of active particles. This phenomenon is self-regulating and universal.
Emory researchers capture decoupling of rotation and movement in glass particles as they approach the glass state. The findings provide a key piece to understanding condensed matter physics.
A new study has improved understanding of plasma sources, a state of matter used in plasma display panels. Researchers found that reducing voltage can cause disordered systems to form.
Researchers discovered that pollutant particles accumulate in specific areas of the urban environment, forming coherent structures. This finding can help generate maps to identify high-pollution zones and inform strategies for mitigating pollution.
Scientists Scott Waitukaitis and Heinrich Jaeger report a groundbreaking study on non-Newtonian liquids, revealing the 'impact-activated solidification' process that transforms suspensions into solids under sudden impact. The experiment uses a combination of high-tech instruments to observe the phenomenon in unprecedented detail.
Michael Maroun, a UC Riverside graduate student, is attending the 62nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting to interact with 25 Nobel laureates in physics. He hopes to make mathematical physics more popular and give it international attention.
Researchers observed a split personality in dense suspensions as they formed droplets. Despite high viscosity, the particles' interactions with the liquid led to a non-viscous behavior, challenging conventional understanding of drop formation.
Researchers have successfully captured a quantum interference pattern from single dye molecules using live imaging. The experiment visualizes the dualities of particle and wave, randomness and determinism, locality and delocalization in a tangible way. This study has significant implications for understanding quantum physics and develo...
Scientists at Duke University discovered that shear strain can cause particles like coffee beans and coal chunks to jam sooner than expected. This finding challenges previous theories and has implications for designing new composite materials and countermeasures against weapons of mass destruction.
Studying tiny particles at oil-water interfaces, Harvard researchers found that stabilized emulsions can take months to years to reach physical equilibrium, rather than the assumed instantaneity. This discovery has important implications for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food manufacturing processes.
A new model shows that stochastic resonance occurs when the potential has sufficiently steep walls, but breaks down otherwise. This phenomenon could contribute to improving image resolution and understanding of biological systems.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck have successfully created a digital quantum simulator that can simulate any physical system efficiently. The simulator uses trapped ions to manipulate and encode states, allowing for the study of phenomena such as Zitterbewegung, which had never been observed directly in nature before.
Researchers at University of Pennsylvania discovered that changing particle shape can disrupt the coffee ring effect, a ring-shaped stain left after coffee drops evaporate. By using non-spherical particles, they found that it's possible to eliminate this phenomenon and achieve uniform coating deposition.
Physicists at the University of Innsbruck have achieved a major breakthrough in quantum computation by entangling 14 calcium atoms. This represents a significant increase from their previous record of eight particles and opens up new possibilities for faster computing, atomic clocks, and quantum simulations.
New York University physicists have developed a method for packing microscopic spheres that can improve various commercial products, such as pharmaceutical lotions and ice cream. The researchers manipulated the properties of emulsions using statistical mechanics and depletion attraction to create materials with desired properties.
The study used an extensional rheometer to measure flow properties of complex fluids, revealing intriguing effects depending on concentration and velocity. At high speeds, the fluid can fracture like a solid, behaving like a jammed system with clusters locking together.
Researchers discover biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles formed from vegetation are solid and glass-like, affecting their ability to absorb water and act as cloud nuclei. This finding redirects the atmospheric fine particle research worldwide.
Physicists at NYU have created colloidal dispersions with programmable particle interactions, offering opportunities for engineering smart composite particles and new functional materials. The 'lock and key' mechanism allows specific particles to join together based on shape, marking a next step in understanding self-assembly processes.
Scientists at ESCPI conducted an experiment to focus light through opaque materials and detect objects hidden behind them. They used a numerical model called a transmission matrix to tailor a beam of light specifically to pass through the material and focus on the other side.
Researchers have discovered that heat can aid in low-power data storage by harnessing random thermal motions. This breakthrough could lead to magnetic memory that operates at significantly lower power than conventional devices.
A team of solar physicists has developed a revised model explaining the unexpected 'ribbon' of bright emission observed by NASA's IBEX mission. The new effect, known as the magnetic mirror effect, suggests that charged particles orbiting magnetic field lines can be recycled and detected by IBEX.
Chemists have successfully designed and observed custom-shaped microparticles interacting and self-assembling in a controlled manner within a liquid crystal. The discovery opens up possibilities for the creation of larger-scale assemblies with various applications in photonics, optical communication networks, and other fields.
The Penn team demonstrated a novel method for controlled formation of patchy particles using charged, self-assembling molecules. The positive electrical charges of calcium ions form bridges between negatively-charged polymers, creating patchy structures that can be used as drug-delivery vehicles or in small batteries.
The Richard E. Prange Prize, established by the University of Maryland's Department of Physics and Condensed Matter Theory Center, honors the late Professor Richard Prange's distinguished career. Philip W. Anderson, a pioneering theorist and Nobel laureate, is the inaugural recipient of the prize.
Researchers at New York University have developed a model to accurately count sweets in a jar by studying the geometry of packing from a 'granocentric' view. The model captures the connectivity and density of sphere packings, allowing for the estimation of packing density and subsequently, the number of sweets in the jar.
Physicists at University of Bristol and Imperial College London develop new method using 'spooky action' to identify quantum black boxes, overcoming fundamental limitations. This breakthrough has significant implications for future quantum computing and information science.
Scientists at North Carolina State University have developed Janus particles, microscopic spheres with different material properties on either side, which can move and respond to changes in their environment. The phenomenon, called induced-charge electrophoresis, has potential applications in microactuators, sensors, and drug delivery.