Articles tagged with Particle Physics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discovered that amphipods can close their claws in under 0.01% of a second, generating high-energy water jets and audible pops. The tiny creatures' fast movements defy physics laws, with potential applications for engineers and designers.
Researchers have developed physics-based technologies to study virus reproduction, revealing dynamic processes like self-assembly. These findings may lead to the development of new antiviral drugs that disrupt critical steps in the virus cycle.
Researchers from the University of Münster and Düsseldorf provide an in-depth summary of the dynamical density functional theory, a method used to describe interacting particles. The article covers various branches of physics and applications in chemistry, solid state physics, and biophysics.
Researchers use a commercial hand-held particle counter to measure aerosol concentrations, finding results match laboratory-based techniques. This method helps determine infection risks and assesses the impact of ventilation improvements.
Researchers found that wearing a mask can actually increase the inhalation of aerosols into the nose, making fine particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers more problematic. The study suggests that choosing a more effective mask and wearing it properly are crucial to curb COVID-19 transmission.
Researchers found that microplastics can be internallyized by living cells after being exposed to natural aquatic environments, where biomolecules form an 'eco-corona' on the surface of particles. This process allows plastics to be internalized into tissue.
Researchers found that aerosol microdroplets, the tiny particles lingering in the air, contain less virus than larger droplets produced during coughing or sneezing. This reduces the risk of infection in well-ventilated spaces.
Researchers aim to demonstrate ideal energy transfer in quantum systems, potentially leading to more efficient engines and quantum computers. The project uses superconducting circuits to design experiments that can be carried out within realistic quantum systems.
Scientists at Osaka University have discovered a novel mechanism, microtube implosion, which generates megatesla-order magnetic fields. This breakthrough is three orders of magnitude higher than what has been achieved in a laboratory, with potential applications in materials science, quantum electrodynamics, and astrophysics.
Shengfeng Cheng aims to control the movement and distribution of substances dissolved into a solvent as a solution is dried. His research could lead to new methods of fabricating particulate materials, such as thin film coatings and drug-loaded particles.
Researchers have developed a method to recharge N95 masks, restoring their 95% filtration efficiency and enabling smart masks. The technique exploits electrostatics-based materials, allowing for easy charge replenishment using a battery or washing machine, making it suitable for various air filtration applications.
Flushing public restrooms can spread virus-laden particles, including COVID-19. Researchers found that urinal flushing releases more than 57% of particles into the air, with some reaching thighs within 5.5 seconds.
A new mathematical procedure minimizes the sign problem in quantum Monte Carlo method, reducing computational time for solid-state systems. This approach enables faster development of materials with special spin properties.
Researchers at MIT and Caltech explored the theoretical possibilities of quantum communication in blackjack, finding a slight advantage for cooperative players. In a limited number of situations with low cards left in the deck, quantum entanglement can give players an edge over classical card-counting strategies.
Researchers developed a new mathematical model that incorporates environmental factors into predicting respiratory virus transmission, highlighting the importance of weather conditions on droplet spread. The model suggests that social distancing measures may not be sufficient to prevent transmission without masks in humid climates.
Researchers found that microswimming particles can be made to organize into different collective states, supporting the hypothesis of critical behavior. The study demonstrates a close link between collectivity and critical behaviour, suggesting a physical principle underlying complex animal group behavior.
Researchers have developed a method using phononic crystals to generate tunable, time-variant sound fields that can trap and transport particles and cells in microchannels. This technology has potential applications in display technology, biomedical sensors, and diagnostic tools.
A team of physicists from Università di Trento created colloidal glasses with controlled unidirectional stress, allowing for the manipulation of mechanical properties. This breakthrough could enable the development of new types of glass for various industrial applications.
Researchers create synthetic coronavirus particles to study how they withstand changes in humidity and temperature. The study aims to inform policy decisions on the spread of the virus in different environmental conditions.
A team of researchers found that drag forces experienced by particles straddling interfaces between un-mixable fluids are less affected by the shape of the distortion. The study's discovery could have implications for self-assembling properties of various species, including nano- and microparticles, proteins, and other molecules.
Researchers propose updated equations that simplify calculations for distinguishing between two types of 'non-Gaussian curve' and genuinely quantum states. This approach could speed up advances in quantum communication and computation.
Researchers laser-cooled a 150-nanometer glass sphere containing 100 million atoms to its quantum ground state, revolutionizing the study of macro-quantum physics. This achievement enables unprecedented opportunities to test fundamental physics and probe the boundaries between classical and quantum mechanics.
Researchers developed a technique for handling tiny, soft particles using precise fluid flows, allowing them to test the physical limits of these particles. The technique, known as the Stokes trap, was used to study the dynamics of vesicles and their deformation under different flow conditions.
A recent proposal aims to test Einstein's twin paradox using quantum particles in a 'superposition' state. The goal is to measure time passing at different speeds for objects moving at high velocities or near massive objects.
Physicists simulate infinite quantum particles to understand macroscopic scale behavior, reconciling quantum mechanics and classical mechanics. This approach allows for the calculation of physical entities like the second virial coefficient, enabling robust predictions.
Artificial microswimmers with forward and long-range vision form stable groups by perceiving the number of neighbors within their field of view. This process allows for efficient movement, evasion of predators, and adaptation to environmental stimuli without requiring precise location information.
Scientists successfully synthesize polymer nanoclusters and fibers at temperatures below 2K, opening up possibilities for creating new materials. The synthesis was achieved using a multimodal dusty plasma cooled by superfluid helium.
Researchers from the University of Chicago and the University of Bath used acoustic levitation to study the shape of prototypical clusters that form when particles are added one by one. They found that with six particles or more, different shapes can assemble, including parallelogram, chevron, and triangle configurations.
Researchers at the University of Bath use sound waves to levitate particles, discovering multiple shapes they can assemble into when brought together. The team found that changing sound-wave frequency can manipulate clusters and influence emergent shape.
A new study from Caltech reveals that dietary fiber plays a role in clumping gut particles, which may affect drug absorption and microbial populations. Longer fibers promote physical aggregation of particles, providing a potential mechanism for controlling particle behavior in the gut.
The SPHEREx mission, led by Caltech and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, will conduct an all-sky spectroscopic mapping of the universe. Argonne researchers will contribute to the mission's cosmological simulations, galaxy identification, and large-scale structure analysis.
Research on dietary fiber polymers reveals they physically influence the small intestine environment by causing solid particles to group together. This aggregation can impact nutrient and drug absorption, highlighting a previously underappreciated role of dietary fibers in gut function.
Scientists have successfully created a holographic acoustic tweezers system that can trap and manipulate particles in three dimensions. This technology has potential applications in small-scale assembly and the creation of 3D displays with levitating voxels.
Wits physicists have developed a new device for manipulating and moving tiny objects, such as single cells in a human body or tiny particles in small volume chemistry, using the full beam of laser light. The device uses vector holographic trapping and tweezing to control and manipulate minute objects with high precision.
Physicists at the University of Warwick have developed a new test to spot quantum coherence in nature, which could lead to breakthroughs in quantum technologies like computers and sensors. The test clarifies the conditions under which biological systems may exploit quantum mechanics.
Researchers from UCL and University of Reading studied rapidly evolving aurora to understand energy release physics. They mapped back to where instabilities occur in space, gaining valuable physical clues.
Research team at Michigan Tech found wildfire aerosol particles remaining in atmosphere for up to a week, defying expectations of rapid oxidation. This discovery has significant implications for climate predictions and the role of aerosols in global warming.
Physicists have been debating whether Einstein's equivalence principle extends to the quantum world. A University of Queensland researcher and her team found that it does, with implications for our understanding of gravity and mass in quantum physics.
Chinese researchers developed interfacially polymerized porous polymer particles for efficient separation of low-abundance glycopeptides. The particles use hydrophilic-hydrophobic heterostructured nanopores to separate biomolecules, overcoming existing challenges in homogeneous porous materials.
Researchers have developed new magnetic Janus particles for efficient oil-water separation. The particles separate micro-scaled oil droplets from water rapidly and efficiently, achieving high separation efficiency.
Researchers propose creating and analyzing new systems governed by entanglement properties directly connected to the original ones, making it easier to quantify experimentally. This innovative approach can be carried out in several experimental conditions, from atomic systems to superconducting circuits.
Physicists at FAU have demonstrated that macroscopic particles rotating in opposite directions form homogeneous groups. The researchers used miniature robots manufactured using 3D printing methods for their experiment. After only one minute, single domains were clearly visible, and after 15 minutes, the robots had almost entirely demixed.
Researchers developed an algorithm to simulate molecular dynamics of patchy particles, which are made up of a rigid body with only two charged patches. The findings provide new insights into what makes biological entities like protein/DNA combinations self-assemble.
Researchers at Emory University found that a system of lifeless particles can change between crystalline and fluid states, mimicking collective behavior seen in living systems. This phenomenon occurs when the environment remains stable, suggesting that complex properties can emerge from simple systems.
Researchers at Imperial College London have discovered a novel water droplet behavior that allows some droplets to form 'crowns' around particles, enabling efficient liquid deposition and coating. This breakthrough has implications for industrial spray drying methods used in detergent and instant coffee production.
A team led by a Princeton University graduate student has developed a unique simulation of magnetic reconnection in space plasmas, which could lead to improved forecasts of space weather events. The new model approximates kinetic effects using fluid equations and agrees better with kinetic models than traditional simulations.
A study by Northwestern University researchers found that the concentration of ultrafine particles less than 50 nanometers in diameter rose when drivers switched from ethanol to gasoline, but decreased when they switched back. This shift had a significant impact on air quality, with potential health benefits
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London discovered a 'gap' in liquid wave spectra, allowing only short-wavelength solid-like waves to propagate. This finding paves the way for developing a consistent theory of liquids and has implications for industrial processes.
A team of researchers, led by Sho Yaida, have found a phase transition in glasses using infinite-dimensional calculations. This discovery could significantly change the properties of glasses at low temperatures, affecting their response to heat, sound and stress.
The study simulates a complex quantum system that mimics classical physics and creates a 'necklace-like' state with spin-orbit coupling. The researchers found that there must always be an odd number of pearls in the necklace, depending on the strength of the spin-orbit coupling.
Researchers at Australian National University have found a more efficient way to pack spherical particles, such as grains and pills, into ordered patterns. This breakthrough could lead to improved storage and delivery of pharmaceuticals, as well as innovative methods for building on sand.
The Frontiers Spotlight Award recognizes outstanding research on topics such as brain augmentation, ocean conservation and child development through motor skills. The US$100,000 prize will support the winning team's international conference in 2018.
Researchers have observed a real-time decrease in Asian dust depolarization, attributed to the coating of an air pollutant like Ca(NO3)2. This finding highlights the importance of internally mixed 'quasi-spherical' Asian dust particles as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN).
Physicists at Washington State University have created a fluid with negative mass, defying Newton's Second Law of Motion. By cooling rubidium atoms to absolute zero, they were able to create a state where the particles behave like waves and synchronize in unison, resulting in negative mass.
Physicists at NIST have confirmed that particles of matter can exhibit 'spooky action' through quantum entanglement. The experiment closed two loopholes in conventional Bell tests, demonstrating the high quality of entangled states.
Physicists have developed a new feedback controller to control fusion plasma energy and rotation. The algorithm uses sensors, algorithms, and actuators to modify the plasma's rotation profile and stored energy.
Two UCSB faculty members, Stefano Tessaro and Andrea Young, have been selected as recipients of the prestigious Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship for their outstanding contributions to cryptography and condensed matter physics. The fellowships will support their research efforts in building solid theoretical foundations for cryptogra...
A team of researchers has created a fully biocompatible motility engine using synthetic active filaments, outperforming conventional methods in transporting tiny cargo. The design's efficiency and speed capabilities have significant implications for targeted drug delivery, insemination, and therapeutic interventions.
Researchers used fractional calculus to model crowds as cost-minimizing agents who interact cooperatively or competitively, leading to realistic simulations of emergency exit scenarios and real-world data comparisons.
Hugh E. Montgomery, Jefferson Lab director and president of Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, has been recognized for his outstanding leadership and distinguished research in high-energy physics. The Institute of Physics awards the Glazebrook Medal annually to individuals who display exceptional contributions to the physics community.