Articles tagged with Particle Physics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team at Osaka University has simulated photon-photon collisions to produce electron-positron pairs, paving the way for experimental confirmation of quantum physics theories. The simulation uses ultra-intense laser pulses and demonstrates the feasibility of creating matter solely from light.
Workers cutting, grinding, and polishing artificial-stone slabs for countertops are developing silicosis due to high concentrations of silica and polymer resins. Researchers call for public health measures, including banning the product and improving worker safety.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed a measurement method to detect individual nanoplastic particles, orders of magnitude faster than previous techniques. The new technique uses Raman scattering and an extremely fine gold grid to amplify the light signal, allowing for rapid detection even at low concentrations.
Physicists at the Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences used a unique measurement system to study elastic scattering in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV energy. The analysis revealed important properties of nuclear strong interactions, including the increase of total cross-section with collision energy.
Researchers successfully synthesized isotopic atropisomers based on carbon isotope discrimination, exhibiting high rotational stability and stereochemical purity. The findings hold promise for fundamental understanding of isotopic atropisomers with implications in organic and medicinal chemistry.
Scientists review preparation techniques for copper matrix composites with ceramic particles, enhancing mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. The study highlights the importance of particle characterization, interfacial bonding, and advanced preparation methods to optimize composite performance.
Researchers demonstrated a 300-fold increase in electron-phonon coupling strength by reducing dimensionality, paving the way for novel engineering opportunities. The enhancement was attributed to non-local nature of coupling in synthetic SRO/STO superlattices.
Researchers have found a surprising correlation between global seismic activity and changes in cosmic radiation intensity, potentially aiding in earthquake prediction. The periodicity of this phenomenon has been identified as every 10-11 years, but its exact cause remains unknown.
Researchers have discovered that microplastics can accumulate in the nasal cavity and oropharynx, increasing the risk of respiratory diseases. The study's findings highlight the importance of awareness about microplastic exposure and its potential health impacts.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed a new strategy to detect axions using particle collider experiments. By analyzing the decay product of unstable heavy particles into muons, they hope to locate and prove the existence of these hypothetical particles.
A research group led by NCKU professor I-Non Chiu conducted the first cosmological study on galaxy clusters identified by eROSITA, analyzing 550 galaxy clusters. The results suggest that Dark Energy occupies up to 76% of the total energy density in the Universe.
Researchers at the Polish Academy of Sciences propose that Higgs boson decays into exotic particles may be detectable in future lepton accelerators like CLIC and FCC. The detection would rely on observing jets of particles produced by quark-antiquark pairs, with characteristic shifts from the axis of the colliding beams.
New experiments with ultra-cold atomic gases show that quantum systems composed of many particles change over time following a sudden energy influx. The findings reveal a universality in the behavior of these systems, shedding light on how they evolve and interact.
Research reveals that soot particles in the Amazon rainforest come primarily from African bushfires, not regional fires. This discovery highlights the significant role of atmospheric transport in distributing pollutants across continents.
James Fast leads Jefferson Lab's EIC project team, focusing on the collider's design and performance baselines. The EIC will study atomic nuclei and unlock secrets of nature's strongest force.
Researchers developed a model to describe the interaction between a rocket plume and planetary surfaces, providing insights into erosion and contamination. The simulation estimates plume shape, temperature, and pressure, as well as material eroded or displaced, for safer landing sites and spacecraft design.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University analyzed the collection of leptons to demonstrate that the lepton flavor mixings are large in the random mass matrix model. The study found that the measure of the matrix should obey the Gaussian distribution, which supports the experimental results for the seesaw model.
Researchers at the University of Missouri are acquiring a new transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a $800,000 grant from the National Science Foundation. The TEM will allow them to conduct experiments in real-time and gain a greater understanding of material structure at an atomic level.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered a surprising way to trap microparticles using the combined effects of electrostatics, hydrodynamics, and random Brownian motion. This phenomenon enables the capture of particles in complex environments, such as winding channels, and could revolutionize microfluidic applications and...
Tisca Dorsey has joined the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility as Director of Business and Finance, bringing her expertise in government operations, contracting, and finance. She will lead the lab's contracting approach and strategy, supporting its growth and expansion.
Researchers have developed nanofluidic devices to study single molecule chemical reactions in solution. These devices provide a test tube-like environment to confine individual molecules and enable high temporal resolution for investigating fast single molecule reactions. By integrating various fields using nanofluidics, scientists can...
Researchers found that kilonovae, caused by neutron star collisions, produce spherical explosions with symmetrical shapes. The discovery may provide a new key to fundamental physics and measuring the Universe's age.
The Vertical Test Area at Jefferson Lab achieved a record-breaking 470 superconducting radiofrequency accelerator cavity tests in 2022, driven by improvements made by operations engineer Justin Kent. This milestone demonstrates the facility's versatility and commitment to supporting cutting-edge research.
A review paper on quantum transport could lead to innovative materials and devices for efficient energy management at the nanoscale. The paper provides a structured overview of theoretical understanding, models, methods, and properties of quantum systems.
Scientists develop a statistical model to describe how particles of different sizes jam together, revealing a common structure that can improve spatial efficiency in various industries. The study's findings have significant implications for applications involving particulate matter, such as construction, medicine, and food manufacturing.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University developed a new method to evaluate X-ray microbeam diameter using mathematical analysis, outperforming conventional methods. The uniform evaluation method is expected to be widely adopted as an international standard.
Researchers at Complexity Science Hub developed a model using physics principles to predict group sizes in humans. By analyzing social stress and homophily, they found that group sizes can be predicted with relatively small information, revealing new insights into human behavior.
Scientists successfully synthesized the elusive Λ(1405) particle and measured its complex mass, revealing a temporary bound state of a K- meson and proton. The findings may provide insights into the interior of ultra-dense neutron stars and the early formation of the Universe.
Citizen science project EEE enables students to collect and analyze data on cosmic rays, producing secondary particles that can be detected on Earth. The network of 60 detectors across Italy allows for correlations between events hundreds of kilometers apart.
Computer simulations demonstrate that chaos plays a crucial role in the emergence of thermodynamic behavior from quantum theory. A quantum system with indistinguishable particles and a thermometer-like particle shows a temperature distribution consistent with Boltzmann's rules only when the system exhibits chaos.
A new quantum algorithm allows for the direct calculation of energy derivatives, a crucial step in molecular geometry optimization, using only one query on a quantum computer. This breakthrough enables the computation of energy derivatives with respect to nuclear coordinates in a single calculation.
Researchers studying exotic atom muonium aim to detect deviations from the Standard Model, which could reveal new physics. By measuring energy levels with unprecedented precision, they may uncover evidence for additional particles or forces that explain the muon's misbehavior.
Researchers at TU Wien have directly measured the fine structure constant using a thin film that rotates light polarisation, revealing an astonishing quantum jump related to this fundamental constant. This measurement provides new insights into the strength of electromagnetic interactions.
Researchers at NIST created grids of quantum dots to study electron behavior in complex materials. The grids provided ideal conditions for electrons to behave like waves or get trapped in individual dots.
Researchers measured the half-lives of five exotic isotopes at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a DOE Office of Science user facility. The study provides fundamental information about nuclei near their limits of existence, testing models of the atomic world and advancing research in astrophysics and nuclear physics.
A team of scientists at the University of Bern's Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics has successfully narrowed the scope for the existence of dark matter using a precision experiment with neutron spin clocks. The results excluded axion-like particles and set new limits on dark matter existence.
Researchers have developed a continuum theory of micro-hairs, allowing for the study of collective movements and fluid flows. The theory reveals that even random movement is unstable and leads to synchronisation, while perfect unison is also unstable, resulting in specific patterns of movement.
Researchers can now study microplankton at an individual level using holographic microscopy and AI, gaining a deeper understanding of their movement, growth, reproduction, and interactions. This breakthrough provides new insights into the ocean's oxygen production and carbon cycle.
A team led by Douglas Jerolmack and Paulo Arratia used laboratory experiments to understand how mudslide failure and flow behavior relates to soil material properties. They found a clear signal in 'dirty' samples using high-tech rheometers, shedding light on the tipping point for slope liquefaction.
Researchers assessing the environmental impact of future 'Higgs factories' propose a new figure of merit: carbon footprint per Higgs boson produced. Circular colliders emerge as a promising option due to their excellent physics capability and energy efficiency, which could significantly reduce the environmental cost.
Researchers have developed an intermetallic palladium-zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance and improved catalytic activity. The alloy's unique structure creates a protective skeletal shell around the zinc atoms, preventing leaching and increasing its durability as an electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation reactions.
A research team from POSTECH and KAIST found that cations play a crucial role in converting CO2 into valuable chemical products like ethylene. The study reveals a new mechanism for high-performance catalytic conditions, paving the way for carbon-neutral technologies.
Achenbach, a renowned experimental physicist, will lead Jefferson Lab's Experimental Hall B, utilizing the world's most powerful accelerator to advance nuclear physics research. He aims to upgrade CEBAF and explore new experiments, including positron beams, to expand knowledge on matter and the universe.
A team of physicists has created a new way to self-assemble particles using emulsions and foldamers. This breakthrough offers promise for building complex materials at the microscopic level, with potential applications in fields like materials science.
Researchers investigate how interparticle interactions affect dynamical localization, a phenomenon where disorder brings particles to a standstill. In disordered systems with multiple interacting electrons, the system's behavior is closely analogous to that of an insulator.
Researchers at the Max Born Institute have used novel ultrashort soft X-ray spectroscopy to study the fate of molecular nitrogen when an electron is kicked out. They found that the B state has a similar degree of excitation as the X state, contradicting previous models. Instead, a coherent interplay between light fields enables lasing ...
Scientists Luca Comisso and Lorenzo Sironi used supercomputers to simulate the origin of high-energy particles in turbulent environments like the sun's atmosphere. Their research provides a clear pattern of when and how these particles form, paving the way for more accurate predictions of space weather events.
The new equation developed by University of Bristol scientists can be used to model accurately particle motion through porous materials like biological tissues, polymers, rocks, and sponges. This could lead to exciting advances in medical procedures, natural gas extraction, and plastic packaging production.
Researchers developed a new machine-learning method to understand force chains in jammed granular solids. The graph neural network approach can predict the position of force chains with high accuracy, even for complex systems and varying conditions.
Scientists developed a simple and rapid method to identify multiple food poisoning bacteria using nanometer-scaled organic metal nanohybrid structures that bind via antibodies to specific bacteria. The method can detect various types of bacteria in one hour without culturing, improving food safety.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania studied wind instrument aerosol dispersion to understand how far aerosols travel and decay. Aerosols emitted by wind instruments share a similar concentration and size distribution with normal speech and respiration events, suggesting that musicians should stay 6 feet apart.
A research group from Tokyo University of Science has discovered molecular features that govern the filling process at nanoscales, enabling finer resolutions in ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography. The findings provide valuable insights for guiding the selection and design of optimized resists for sub-10 nm resolution.
Researchers have developed a novel dual-atom catalyst design that can reduce the environmental impact of ammonia production. The new design uses a hybrid of iron and molybdenum to activate dinitrogen, resulting in a more efficient and eco-friendly method for ammonia synthesis.
A committee of distinguished scientists will meet to lay out a vision for the future of high-energy physics, building on decades of planning by the American Physical Society. The meeting aims to identify research questions, directions, and tools for advancing our understanding of the universe.
Researchers developed artificial microtubules to transport microscopic cargo along magnetic stepping stones, overcoming fluid flow obstacles. The technology could facilitate targeted drug delivery and treat blocked vessels or cancerous tumors.
Devi Lal Adhikari's thesis explores mathematical connections between atomic nuclei and neutron stars, shedding light on the structure of both. His research has garnered significant attention from astrophysicists and physicists alike.
Physicists have developed a method to predict the composition of dark matter by analyzing cosmological signatures. The research uses big bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background radiation to identify specific categories of dark matter with masses between those of the electron and proton.
Scientists have produced identical photons originating from different sources, a crucial step towards applications like quantum computing and secure communication. The researchers achieved this by using precise electric fields to tune the energy levels of quantum dots, resulting in 93% identical photons.
A research team investigated the microscopic scale of furniture movement, finding moiré patterns reduce static friction when objects rotate simultaneously. This discovery could lead to ultra-low friction micro-machines.
Physicists confirm quark mass existence via observation of dead cone effect, a phenomenon predicting quarks with higher masses emit fewer gluons. The effect, predicted 30 years ago, involves a 'dead cone' where gluons do not appear at lower energies and larger quark masses.