Articles tagged with Phase Transitions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists have found a material that undergoes an unexpected phase transition when heated to 450 degrees Celsius, transforming into one-dimensional nanowires with potential for next-generation electronic devices. The discovery could lead to powerful energy-efficient devices and smaller transistor sizes.
Researchers have discovered significant deviations in dynamic phase transitions that occur when dynamics is slow, unlike conventional thermodynamic phase transitions. These findings suggest a distinct difference between DPTs and TPTs, highlighting the importance of studying non-equilibrium dynamic phenomena.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab discovered particle cracking in cathode materials during charging and discharging, reducing battery capacity and life. The research provides unprecedented mechanistic understanding of electrode material and potential ways to minimize cracking, leading to improved stability and longer battery lifespan.
Scientists discover a new phenomenon of metastability in liquids, creating a metastable liquid directly by decompression below the melting point. The results could be important for developing new materials and understanding planetary interiors.
Researchers found that people who recently moved were more likely to make changes to their behaviors, such as reducing energy and water use, commuting choices, and waste management. This study suggests that changing one aspect of life, like moving, can lead to broader positive changes.
Researchers have demonstrated the magnetic behavior of iron trithiohypophosphate (FePS3) crystals, providing the first experimental proof of Onsager's 1943 prediction. The team used Raman spectroscopy to measure magnetism in 2D FePS3 monolayers and found consistent patterns with bulk samples.
Physicists at Goethe University Frankfurt have made a pioneering discovery about the phase transition from an electrical conductor to an insulator. The researchers found that both electrons and the atomic lattice play a significant role in the transition, contrary to common textbook opinion.
Researchers found that even slight deviations from the ideal crystal structure significantly alter the display of the magnetocaloric effect. The study revealed previously unknown features of phase transition and deepened understanding of the causes of the giant MCE.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have created a new imaging technique that allows scientists to probe the internal makeup of a battery during charging and discharging using different x-ray energies while rotating the battery cell. The technique produces a three-dimensional chemical map, enabling scientists to track chemica...
Researchers create new method to quantify the change in thermal energy storage during phase transition from photon gas to Bose-Einstein condensate, enabling precise measurement of natural constants and potential applications in high-precision thermometry.
Researchers have developed a precise and fast responding tool to measure carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the brain during seizure events. The dual sensor probe recorded clearly defined changes in CO/NO levels that changed in accordance with the seizure's phase changes.
The Independent Data Monitoring Committee has recommended continuing the Phase III trial with PM1183 due to positive safety data from the first 80 patients. The trial assesses PM1183's efficacy compared to standard treatments for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
Researchers have developed a new nondestructive technique to study phase transitions at the nanoscale, revealing insights into ferroelectric materials. This approach uses acoustic response to detect changes in material behavior and can guide efforts to design next-generation materials with enhanced properties.
Scientists have discovered an unconventional phase transition between photonic crystals and metamaterials, allowing for the creation of new electromagnetic materials with tailored properties. The study provides a foundation for designing and fabricating such materials.
Researchers successfully stabilized hydrogen in a high-temperature environment, revealing anomalies in its phase transition. This breakthrough may lead to a deeper understanding of gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the potential synthesis of room-temperature superconductive materials.
A Purdue University-led team observed an unexpected phase transition between two different phase categories in an ultrapure material. The transition was made possible by extreme pressures and temperatures, allowing electrons to exhibit unusual behavior.
Scientists have successfully controlled a phase transformation from layered SrNbO3.4 to perovskite SrNbO3 at the atomic scale using focused electron beams, paving the way for precise control of phase transformations in materials design and nanodevice fabrication.
A new study documents rare early Jurassic corals from New York Canyon in west-central Nevada, shedding light on coral recovery after the end-Triassic mass extinction event. The findings provide valuable information on biotic responses during this critical period.
Scientists of KIT and universities develop the first all-optical, non-volatile on-chip memory using phase change materials, allowing for fast data storage and potentially increasing computer performance and reducing energy consumption. The new memory can store data for decades even when power is removed.
Researchers have developed a new way to capture light, allowing for large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip. This breakthrough enables ultra-fast high-bandwidth data transfer, potentially revolutionizing computer technology.
Researchers found that the sample's resistance changes nonlinearly with an increasing magnetic field, suggesting a liquid-to-gas-like transition. This discovery could lead to the creation of faster and more compact electronics using Mott transition.
A team of researchers from Michigan State University has manipulated vanadium dioxide to make it usable in small devices, allowing for smart antennas with tunable properties. This technology could enable applications such as switching between communication bands or precise microsurgery.
Researchers have successfully controlled phase changes in GST material using laser light, achieving rapid and reversible changes in electro-optical properties. The results suggest GST may be a good substitute for silicon materials, with potential implications for flexible displays, logic circuits, and universal memory.
Jennifer Tour Chayes of Microsoft receives the highest honor from SIAM, awarded for her groundbreaking work on phase transitions in mathematics and computing. She will deliver a prize lecture on massive networks on August 12.
Researchers create large-scale simulation of 275,000 atoms to study iron-nickel alloys' structure changes with temperature. They find that transitions occur in both orderly and disorderly ways, depending on heating or cooling, respectively.
The KAIST research team has developed the first flexible phase-change random access memory (PRAM) on plastic substrates, achieving significant power reduction. This innovation is made possible by self-assembled block copolymer silica nanostructures, which lower the contact area and reduce power consumption.
A branching tree-like structure can increase the melting rate of materials for better energy storage. The study's findings could help improve phase change systems, essential for renewable energy sources like wind and sun.
Ze'ev Reches and collaborators study earthquake instability and fault weakening mechanisms using electron microscopy. They find phase transformation and nano-size grains are associated with profound weakening, resolving two major conflicts in laboratory results and natural faulting.
Research at Princeton University and New York University reveals multiple pathways for phase transitions, contradicting previous theories. The study suggests that phase changes involve point defects and disordered clusters, leading to a more nuanced understanding of matter's behavior.
Scientists have developed a new device that captures information about both temperature and crystal structure during extremely fast reactions in thin-film materials. This breakthrough will help researchers optimize the process of making advanced technologies, including state-of-the-art semiconductors.
Researchers used same-beam VLBI technology to monitor the Chang'E-3 rover's movement, measuring sensitivity of 50-100mm. The technique precisely tracked the rover's position relative to the lander and Earth.
Researchers have developed a new neutron tomography technique to visualize and analyze phase fractions of crystalline materials in 3D. The method allows for bulk characterization of materials, enabling the discovery of previously undetectable inhomogeneities.
Researchers at Oxford University have developed a new discovery of nano-pixels that can be electrically switched on and off to create high-resolution images. The tiny 'nano-pixels' are just 300 nanometres in size and can be used for applications such as smart glasses, synthetic retinas, and foldable screens.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have created a micro-sized robotic torsional muscle/motor made from vanadium dioxide, achieving unprecedented power density and speed. The device can catapult objects over 50 times its own weight with remarkable efficiency.
New calculations confirm the universe may collapse, with a higher risk than previously thought. A phase transition in the Higgs field could lead to a violent process where particles become extremely heavy and the universe ceases to exist.
Researchers have mathematically described the phase transition between a boring empty space and an expanding universe containing mass. The theory connects quantum field theory and Einstein's relativity, suggesting that time and space can undergo a phase transition similar to liquid-solid transitions.
Researchers use X-ray facility to replicate high-pressure conditions, finding fractures nucleate at the onset of olivine-to-spinel transition. This discovery confirms earlier experimental work and provides strongest evidence yet that phase transformations trigger deep earthquakes.
Berkeley Lab researchers observed direct size-dependence in metal nanocrystal phase transformations during reactions with hydrogen gas. This discovery holds key findings for optimizing commercial applications, including hydrogen storage systems, catalysts, fuel cells, and batteries.
Researchers developed an elegant and powerful new microscale actuator based on vanadium dioxide material, which expands and contracts in response to temperature variations. The actuators are smaller than human hair width and offer large force and displacement, suitable for biological and microfluidic applications.
Griffith University researchers have developed a new technique for ultra-precise motion tracking using quantum-enhanced optical phase tracking. By combining
The Office of Naval Research is advancing an augmented-reality project to change the way warfighters view operational environments. The system will allow trainees to view simulated images superimposed on real-world landscapes, providing a revolutionary training capability with reduced costs and increased flexibility.
Higgs excitations have been observed in a two-dimensional quantum gas near absolute zero temperature. The phenomenon, associated with spontaneous symmetry breaking, can lead to coordinated collective motion and is crucial in the Standard Model of Particle Physics.
Researchers at RIKEN have created a new transistor that uses electrostatic accumulation of charge on a strongly-correlated material to trigger bulk switching of electronic state. The device operates at room temperature and requires only 1V to switch the material from an insulator to a metal.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have gained insight into how phase change materials switch between states, a key step towards creating universal memory storage devices. By using nanowires, they were able to observe the phase change in real-time and discovered a new mechanism that could lead to more efficient memory devices.
Researchers at Northwestern University have designed new metamaterials that exhibit negative compressibility transitions, where they contract when tensioned and expand when compressed. This discovery may enable new applications in protective mechanical devices and actuators.
Researchers find a new method to reversibly change VO2's behavior by exposing it to hydrogen, altering its electronic and structural properties. The findings could lead to better understanding of the material's physics and potential applications in ultrasensitive sensors.
Researchers have developed an ultrafast method to track structural changes in solid materials during phase transitions. This technique sheds new light on vanadium dioxide's fast transformation between transparent and reflective phases. The study provides valuable insights into designing high-speed optical switches using this material.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory found a phase change in molten magnesium silicate that transforms to a more dense liquid with increasing pressure. This discovery provides insight into planet formation and suggests that extra-solar 'Super-Earth' planets may have different structures than Earth.
Scientists discover water's conductivity increases at extremely low temperatures, contradicting expectations for an ordinary liquid. This phenomenon supports the idea of a 'liquid-liquid' phase transition in water.
Physicists from the University of Constance used computer simulations to study shape memory materials down to the nanoscale. They found that the material's atomic-scale crystal structure shifted as the temperature increased, triggering a structural phase transition.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab observed structural transformations within a single copper sulfide nanocrystal, revealing dynamics influenced by defects. The study provides new insights into phase transitions and their relevance to battery performance and solar energy harvesting.
The UChicago experiment demonstrates scale invariance and universality, showing that a two-dimensional cold-atom gas system exhibits the same properties regardless of size or temperature. The researchers' findings suggest that this type of scale invariance can be extrapolated to other systems.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have discovered a new class of phase-change materials, BEANs, that can switch between crystalline and amorphous states in nanoseconds. These nano-sized particles have the potential to revolutionize data storage and optical data storage technologies.
Researchers used single-walled carbon nanotubes to study phase transition behavior of argon and krypton atoms. They found that the nanotube's electrical resistance changed when krypton atoms stuck to the surface, and demonstrated sensitivity to individual atom landings.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have established evidence of a liquid-liquid phase transition in supercooled silicon, revealing two distinct forms of liquid silicon with unique properties. This breakthrough uses rigorous computer calculations and quantum mechanics to gain a better understanding of materials behavior.
Scientists at Uppsala University have explained the 'hidden order' phenomenon, a long-sought mystery in materials science. The discovery can control and exploit new material properties, crucial for future energy supply.
Scientists have achieved a breakthrough in materials science by taking a detailed snapshot of nanoscale structures using the Lab's Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscope (DTEM). The study reveals brief changes in structure during cooling, providing insight into the formation mechanism of reactive multilayer foils.
Research by University of Chicago mathematician Jack Cowan reveals that brain activity patterns follow natural rhythms, similar to phase transitions in physics. This study uses mathematical tools to understand brain-generated rhythms, including delta waves during sleep and gamma waves related to information processing.
A team of physicists from Vanderbilt University and the University of Konstanz in Germany have used a laser with 12-femtosecond pulses to switch vanadium dioxide film between reflective and transparent states. The transition occurs faster than previously thought, with the film shifting back and forth in under 100 femtoseconds.
Seismologists have recast their understanding of the Earth's inner workings, depicting it as a dynamic and chemically diverse living organism. New research shows that Earth's upper mantle exhibits chemical heterogeneity beyond just temperature and pressure.