Articles tagged with Photons
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Weizmann Institute researchers found that measuring a single atom's spin can collapse its superposition into one state. By adjusting the polarization of the emitted photon, they demonstrate that observers can influence the spin collapse, suggesting an 'action-at-a-distance' effect.
A team of physicists at UCSB has made a discovery that provides new understanding in the quantum realm. By manipulating light on superconducting chips, they have developed an unprecedented level of control over photons, enabling the shaping of released photons into different wave forms.
Researchers are pursuing a quantum satellite concept to establish a secure global quantum communication network by harnessing the signal's travel time in empty space. The team has emphasized precise alignment between the satellite and ground stations to ensure accurate measurement of photons.
Researchers at ICFO have discovered that graphene can convert a single photon into multiple excited electrons, generating larger electrical signals. This feature makes graphene an ideal building block for devices relying on converting light into electricity, with potential applications in solar cells and efficient light detection.
Researchers have shown that performing an action on one particle can immediately affect another, even if they are separated by vast distances. This has implications for secure communication methods, as entangled photons could enable fast and private data transfer.
A proof-of-concept device that combines a single nitrogen-vacancy centre with an optical resonator and waveguide has been created. The device, described as the 'building block of future quantum networks,' could enable faster computers for certain problems.
A research team at the University of Innsbruck has successfully transferred quantum information from an atom to a single photon, paving the way for the construction of a quantum internet. This breakthrough enables the transfer of quantum information over optical channels between quantum computers.
Computer simulations show that nanoparticles of silicon BC8 can generate multiple electron-hole pairs per photon, increasing maximum efficiency to 42% beyond conventional solar cells. Using parabolic mirrors to focus sunlight could further boost efficiency up to 70%
A new single-photon detector has been developed, achieving a previously unattained detection efficiency of 91% and low error rate. The detector's high performance enables reliable detection of single photons, crucial for optical data transmission and quantum computation.
Researchers create entangled pair of photons with 50m and 144km separation, demonstrating non-causal quantum eraser effect. The choice of measurement on one photon determines the wave-like behavior of its twin, regardless of distance or time.
A new JQI photodetector uses an adaptive network of detectors with feedback to read quantum information with minimal uncertainty. By combining multiple stages and using phase reference waves, the system can beat the standard quantum limit for quaternary encoding.
Scientists at National University of Singapore successfully developed a secure bidding system using entangled photons. The 'noisy storage' model allows for secure information sharing between two parties without trusting each other.
Physicists at the University of Texas at Austin have designed a simulation that emulates key properties of electronic topological insulators. The simulation, called SPINDOMs, allows researchers to control the spin of photons in a way that emulates what can be done with electrons.
Researchers have shown that even in disordered structures, photons can sense and coordinate their travel through a medium. This is due to the wave properties of photons, which allow them to interact with each other. By analyzing these interactions, valuable insight into complex microscopic structures can be gained.
Researchers use harmonic generation microscopy to create high-resolution maps of skin cells, revealing increased sizes of basal keratinocytes and nuclei with natural aging. The findings provide an index for scoring natural or intrinsic skin aging, which could help monitor skin health and test effectiveness of anti-aging treatments.
Recent NIST experiments suggest that QED may not accurately account for the behavior of atoms in exotic states. The research found that highly charged ions exhibit different photon emission colors than predicted by QED, sparking further investigation.
Researchers at the University of Oregon successfully transferred an optical signal between two colors using a mechanical oscillator. This breakthrough could pave the way for building and connecting quantum computers, where photons carry information.
Griffith University researchers have developed a device capable of amplifying the information in a single photon without adding noise, preserving quantum information. The breakthrough has far-reaching implications for quantum technologies, including improved quantum cryptography and long-distance communication.
Physicists at the University of Bristol have made a significant breakthrough in understanding the nature of light by demonstrating its wave-particle duality. The experiment, published in Science, shows that photons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior simultaneously, resolving a long-standing debate in quantum mechanics.
Researchers created a device that tames the flow of photons using synthetic magnetism, breaking the time-reversal symmetry of light. This innovation enables precise control over photon trajectories, opening up novel ways to manipulate light for various applications.
Researchers from NREL demonstrated a solar cell with external quantum efficiency exceeding 100 percent, producing up to 30% more current than conventional technology. This breakthrough harnesses the power of multiple exciton generation (MEG) to reduce heat loss and increase electrical energy.
A team of scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics discovered a record-breaking millisecond pulsar, PSR J1311-3430, using a new data analysis method. The pulsar is accompanied by an unusual sub-stellar partner that it is vaporizing, earning it the nickname 'black widow'.
A team of scientists has developed integrated arrays of optical vortex beams on a silicon chip, which can be used to transmit multiple streams of information. This breakthrough could enable the creation of compact and high-density devices for applications such as sensing and microscopic particle manipulation.
Researchers discovered a second step in the light receptor process that corrects for rhodopsin errors, resulting in more accurate reading of light under dim conditions. This finding has long-term significance for understanding and treating vision deficits.
Sergei Kopeikin's research suggests the Pioneer anomaly can be explained by the effect of the universe's expansion on photons. This discovery could improve measurements for interstellar exploration.
Researchers have made precise measurements without disturbing the system, providing direct experimental evidence that a new measurement-disturbance relationship is more accurate. This finding has significant implications for fields like quantum cryptography.
A French team identified key parameters to generate high-fidelity single photons, crucial for quantum computing and communication. They simulated detector properties and experimental results to improve reliability.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have demonstrated the ability to directly measure disturbance and confirm that Heisenberg was too pessimistic about the uncertainty principle. By employing weak measurement techniques, they found that the disturbance induced by measurement is less than previously thought.
The 'magic carpet' technology uses plastic optical fibres to map a person's walking patterns and identify gradual changes or sudden incidents like falls. As many as 30%-40% of community-dwelling older people fall each year, making this technology vital for preventing accidents.
UCI astrophysicists analyze NASA data suggesting gamma rays could be evidence of dark matter particles annihilating each other. The observation is consistent with leading theories for dark matter and its presumed presence at galactic centers.
Researchers developed a technique using ultrafast lasers and advanced optics to capture billions of images per second, enabling the reconstruction of 3D shapes hidden from sight. This technology may prove invaluable in disaster recovery situations and noninvasive biomedical imaging applications.
Researchers at Disney Research developed a new virtual ray lights technique to simulate realistic smoke, dust, and participating media effects. The approach leverages photon beams to generate images, reducing the need for particles and increasing efficiency.
Researchers have successfully produced and implemented single particles of light into a quantum key distribution link, enabling secure communication networks. The experiment uses semiconductor nanostructures to emit single photons with high efficiency, making it possible to transmit keys over longer distances without interception.
Researchers develop tool to decompose photon pairs' superimposed states, enabling access to their information even with imperfect measurements. The findings suggest that higher entanglement levels can reveal more information, leading to more resilient quantum info applications.
Researchers from the University of Calgary found that even with complete information, predicting certain experiment outcomes in quantum physics can't be done perfectly beforehand. Quantum theory appears to be close to optimal in terms of its predictive power, according to a new study.
Researchers have successfully trapped and controlled light within a graphene lattice, allowing for the development of computers with optical switches. This breakthrough demonstrates the high potential of graphene in nanoelectronics.
The partnership will expand X-ray technology and research capabilities, enabling scientists to solve pressing global problems. Scientists from the two facilities will work together on R&D projects to improve light-source technology and upgrade beamlines.
An international team of scientists has successfully created bright coherent x-ray radiation using a new method developed at the Vienna University of Technology. This breakthrough enables the production of high-energy x-rays with short wavelengths, making it suitable for various applications such as materials science and medicine.
The photon sieve, a variant of Fresnel zone plate, focuses light through diffraction to create high-resolution images. The technology has been successfully demonstrated in ground tests and is set to be deployed on a Cubesat satellite, offering a game-changing solution for space-based imaging.
Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed a new type of hot electron bolometer that can detect infrared light with high sensitivity and speed. The device uses bilayer graphene to absorb low-energy photons, making it promising for applications in security imaging technologies and studying dark energy.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck have developed an efficient and tunable interface for quantum networks, enabling high-speed transfer of quantum information between matter and light. The interface, which uses entanglement to connect a single ion with a photon, achieves efficiency rates over 99 percent.
Scientists from the University of Cambridge and Toshiba Research Europe Ltd. developed an all-semiconductor quantum logic gate, a controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate, by coaxing nanodots to emit single photons of light on demand. This breakthrough brings researchers closer to creating powerful quantum computers.
The JQI switch can steer a beam of light from one direction to another in 120 picoseconds using only 140 photons, requiring minimal power. This achievement marks a significant step toward creating ultrafast and low-energy on-chip signal routers.
Researchers developed a novel solution to produce entangled photon pairs using an integrated circuit, making quantum technologies more accessible. The breakthrough could lead to faster data sorting and solve complex computational problems, potentially leading to new gadgets.
Physicists have demonstrated that quantum particles can be in an entangled state even after measurement, which was previously thought to be an objective fact. The team realized a 'delayed-choice entanglement swapping' experiment, where Victor's choice affected Alice's and Bob's photons after they had been measured.
Researchers developed a new way to rapidly create single photons by exciting ultra-cold rubidium gas with lasers. This allows for the reliable production of single photons with well-known properties, important for various research areas including quantum information systems and studying dynamics and disorder in physical systems.
Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, have designed a solar cell that emits light as well as absorbs it, increasing voltage and efficiency. The new design broke the efficiency record, achieving 28.3%, with potential implications for all types of solar cells.
The new laser design relies on a million rubidium atoms doing synchronized line dances to produce dim but brighter laser light. The superradiant laser's stability is less sensitive to mirror motion, making it potentially 1,000-fold more stable than conventional lasers.
Researchers have found a way to detect subtle changes in quantum data, making it harder for hackers to manipulate encoded communication. The new method, called Measurement Device Independent QKD, allows users to verify each other's data, ensuring unconditionally secure encryption.
Researchers at the University of Calgary have made a significant breakthrough in quantum copying, demonstrating that original states can be perfectly recovered from imperfect copies. This achievement has far-reaching implications for quantum technology, including potential applications in precision measurement and sample analysis.
Scientists at UNIGE have successfully linked two large crystals through quantum physics, paving the way for quantum memory and long-distance quantum communication. The entangled pair exhibits simultaneous behavior despite their separation, showcasing a promising step towards creating quantum repeaters and secure networks.
Researchers from Aarhus University and CERN's NA63 collaboration successfully measured the time it takes for an electron to form a photon. By guiding the electron through two flat gold foils, they created a measurable distance between them, which corresponds to the length of the photon formation process.
Researchers at Arizona State University have created an imaging technique that allows for atomic-level resolution without damaging biological samples. This breakthrough enables the use of high-intensity X-rays, previously limited by damage caused by the radiation.
A new technique, virtual ghost imaging (VGI), enables imaging even under adverse conditions by harnessing the properties of entangled photons. Researchers used a Bessel beam to create VGI images despite obstacles such as clouds, heat distortion, and offsets.
Astronomers will use a new telescope called X-Calibur to study the polarization of X-rays, providing information about cosmic sources that is not available elsewhere. The instrument will be sensitive to hard X-rays and will be flown at an altitude of 40 kilometers, allowing it to focus on celestial objects with high accuracy.
Researchers have demonstrated a prototype device capable of absolute measurements of optical power delivered through an optical fiber, outperforming existing devices with improved temperature control and speed. The new radiometer can measure power levels as low as 10 nanowatts with high accuracy, paving the way for ultraprecise calibra...
Researchers demonstrate why quantum mechanics' physical effects are rarely seen in daily life. They found that precisely counting photons becomes increasingly difficult as the number of photons increases.
Researchers demonstrate longest-ever deployment of a quantum key distribution network, showing its robustness and reliability when coupled with real-time telecommunications. The SwissQuantum network ran for over 21 months, outperforming traditional encryption methods.
Researchers from Canada and Switzerland develop a quantum coin flipping method to ensure fair car ownership decisions. Despite being imperfect, the method prevents cheating by leveraging the properties of nature.
Scientists at Chalmers University of Technology have succeeded in creating light from vacuum by capturing photons that appear and disappear in the vacuum. The experiment confirms a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics, demonstrating the existence of virtual particles that can become real photons.