Articles tagged with Photons
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers will present novel optical systems for detecting exoplanets and measuring the Sun's internal structure. A device called a laser frequency comb will also detect minute changes in light from the sun, enabling the detection of Earth-like planets around distant stars.
Astrophysicists developed a method to calculate Rayleigh scattering's effect on the cosmic microwave background, potentially improving our understanding of the Universe's birth. This calculation may help researchers better comprehend the formation of our 13.6 billion-year-old Universe.
A new protocol reduces resources and effort required to teleport quantum information, improving reliability with 88% transmission fidelity. The method uses hyperentangled photons and a torus shape to encode and transmit information efficiently.
A team of MIT physicists has developed a laser-based technique to trap and freeze fermions in place, allowing for the simultaneous imaging of over 95% of potassium gas fermions. This breakthrough enhances our understanding of fermion behavior, particularly that of electrons.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have created optically active quantum dots in a 2D semiconductor, which could enable nanophotonics applications and integrated photonics. The defects on the atomically thin semiconductor emit single photons with correlated color and spin.
Using synchotron X-rays, scientists visualize the dynamics of explosions within a bombardier beetle's body, discovering a self-repairing valve that saves energy. This breakthrough could provide new design principles for technologies related to blast mitigation and propulsion.
Scientists from Brown University have successfully linked chlorophyll fluorescence to plant photosynthesis in a deciduous forest, validating orbital measurements of fluorescence with ground-based observations. The study provides crucial ground-truth for measuring photosynthesis on a global scale from low-Earth orbit.
Scientists at NPL have developed a new optical method for directly measuring sound pressure, providing direct traceability to fundamental SI base units. This method can be used to calibrate any acoustic device without assumptions regarding geometry and sound field characteristics.
Physicists at University of Warsaw successfully image indistinguishable photons forming pairs through Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. The achievement enables direct observation of spatial optical phenomena involving single photons, a crucial result for quantum optics.
NASA engineers test the ATLAS instrument's thermal performance in a vacuum chamber, simulating extreme temperatures and conditions. The successful test ensures that the laser altimeter system functions as expected, measuring the height of Earth's surface below.
Engineers at the University of Toronto have developed the first all-photonic quantum repeaters, enabling reliable and secure data transmission over long distances. The repeaters use highly entangled quantum states to reduce losses and function at room temperature.
A team of researchers used various techniques to study niobium diselenide, a material that exhibits short-range charge density wave order and pseudogap behavior across large temperature ranges. They found that increasing temperature or doping leads to the loss of coherent electronic excitations and the emergence of an energy gap.
Researchers from the University of Bonn and Cambridge successfully linked two different quantum systems, quantum dots and ions, to work together as a team. This hybrid system combines the strengths of both components, enabling faster calculations and improved memory storage.
Researchers at MIT have developed a technique to entangle 3,000 atoms using a single photon, promising improved accuracy in atomic clocks. This breakthrough could lead to more precise timekeeping and potentially overcome the standard quantum limit.
The study observes the convergence of classical and quantum behavior in photons, revealing a 'point of transition' where quantum nature 'collapses' to conform to classical rules. The researchers also detect bi-photons at an unprecedented high rate using a fiber-based nonlinear process.
Researchers at Perimeter Institute and IQC have discovered a new class of quantum advantages that allow for cause-effect correlation determination without intervention. This breakthrough has significance for both quantum information and quantum foundations, underpinning the promise of quantum technologies.
Scientists at the University of Rochester have developed a method for encoding 2.05 bits per photon using twisted light, doubling existing systems that use light polarization. This breakthrough could help increase the efficiency of quantum cryptography systems and secure communication.
Researchers at MIT demonstrate that quantum sensors can outperform classical systems even when entanglement breaks down due to environmental influences. The study shows that correlations between entangled beams remain strong enough to improve signal-to-noise ratio, leading to increased sensitivity.
Yale University scientists create a new system that combines photons and phonons to conduct sophisticated signal processing tasks, allowing for faster and more efficient information control. The technology has the potential to be less expensive and adaptable to various complex designs.
The team constructed tiny mirrors to trap light around impurity atoms in diamond crystals, increasing the efficiency of photon transmission. They demonstrated a spin-coherence time of over 200 microseconds, essential for quantum computing systems and long-range cryptographic networks.
Researchers have developed a microscopic component that generates continuous entangled photons, enabling faster computing and secure communication. The new design is based on silicon technology and is incredibly small and efficient.
Physicists at the University of Innsbruck have improved an interface for a quantum internet by harnessing superradiant states, which enhance the creation of single photons. This breakthrough enables faster information transfer and more robust storage, paving the way for future quantum computing applications.
Researchers have built an array of light detectors sensitive enough to register individual photons and mounted them on a silicon optical chip. The approach increases detector density and sensitivity, yielding results up to 20 percent, which is a significant step toward practical quantum computing.
Physicists at Griffith University demonstrate the potential for quantum steering to be used to enhance data security over long distances. This technique allows for perfectly secure communication between two parties without requiring absolute trust in devices, making it suitable for scenarios where standard methods fail.
Four pulses of laser light on nanoparticle photocells reveal how captured sunlight can be converted into electricity. The study, published in Nature Communications, uses a novel approach to understand multiple exciton generation in nanomaterials.
Scientists at Eindhoven University of Technology have successfully controlled the shape of light particles, a crucial step towards establishing a 'quantum internet'. This breakthrough enables faster and more efficient quantum communication, paving the way for the development of powerful quantum computers.
Researchers have developed a new method for authenticating physical keys using quantum mechanics, making it impossible to spoof or copy. This 'Quantum-Secure Authentication' uses the unique properties of light to create a secure question-and-answer exchange.
A team of researchers at the University of California, San Diego, has developed a silicon chip that can emit and control quantum light at room temperature. The device uses Spontaneous Optical Nonlinear Mixing to generate entangled photon pairs, which can be tuned over a wide range of Schmidt numbers for specific quantum optic properties.
A breakthrough in atomic memory technology allows for reliable quantum information storage and transmission over long distances. The device can store light with multiple spatial modes, enabling higher capacity and paving the way for widespread adoption of quantum communications.
Researchers discovered a plant protein, KEA3, crucial for adjusting photosynthetic efficiency in fluctuating light conditions. This mechanism enables plants to quickly respond to changes in light intensity and maintain high energy capture.
The ICESat-2 satellite will measure the elevation of Earth from space to track changes in ice-covered poles, forests and ocean surfaces. The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) instrument will time how long light travels from the satellite's lasers to Earth's surface.
Scientists at Vienna University of Technology have successfully created a strong interaction between two single photons using an ultra-thin glass fiber. This technique enables the creation of maximally entangled photon states required in quantum teleportation and light-transistors for quantum computing.
The POLARBEAR experiment uses microwave detectors to measure B-mode polarization, allowing researchers to map the large-scale structure of the universe. The team also aims to determine neutrino masses and study dark matter and dark energy.
A study published in Practical Radiation Oncology evaluated the use of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) in treating pediatric cancers. The results show that IGRT is commonly used to improve localization and precision in radiation delivery, particularly for tumors near sensitive structures or organs.
Duke University researchers have developed a way to increase the photon emission rate of fluorescent molecules, reaching record levels. This breakthrough has significant implications for ultrafast LEDs and quantum cryptography, enabling secure communication that could not be hacked.
Scientists at the Joint Quantum Institute use thermal light and cheap detectors to achieve sub-wavelength imaging, overcoming classical optical limitations. They observe an interference pattern with fringes as narrow as 30 nm, pushing the boundaries of extreme quantum coherence.
Researchers at the University of Granada have developed a new imaging system using Transverse Field Detectors (TFD) that can extract full color information from each pixel without filters. This technology has numerous potential applications in various fields, including medical imaging, remote sensing, and assisted driving.
Researchers develop new approach to generate mixed-up photon pairs on a chip, exploiting micro-ring resonator technology. The device can directly generate orthogonal polarized photons at very low power, suitable for quantum protocols.
Researchers develop new single-photon detection strategies with high accuracy enhancements, enabling precise timing resolution and fast reset times. New technologies improve space missions and quantum optics, advancing the field of single-photon devices.
University of Minnesota researchers have created a nanoscale device capable of capturing and transporting fundamental particles of light called photons. The discovery could lead to the development of faster and more energy-efficient optical devices.
Researchers at Université de Genève have successfully teleported the quantum state of a photon to a crystal over 25 kilometers of optical fibre, surpassing their previous record of 6 kilometers. This experiment demonstrates that quantum state can exist independently of material composition.
Researchers at NIST and the University of Waterloo directly entangled three photons, a breakthrough in quantum information systems. The use of superfast single-photon detectors enabled stable and high-quality results, paving the way for applications in quantum computing and quantum communications.
The researchers create a structure containing 100 billion atoms that act as a single artificial atom, linking it to a superconducting wire with photons. This leads to strong interactions among the photons, mimicking phases of matter studied in condensed matter physics.
Researchers at UC San Diego built the first 500 GHz photon switch, enabling ultrafast optical control and opening a new class of sensitive receivers. The team developed a measurement technique to resolve sub-nanometer fluctuations in the fiber core, critical for fast switching and processing.
Physicists successfully transmit a flash of light in a sensitive quantum state through the atmosphere, enabling secure quantum communication. The technology has potential advantages over current methods, including ability to transmit in sunlight and higher transmission rates.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen's Niels Bohr Institute have successfully created a steady stream of photons emitted one at a time, enabling control over their direction. The breakthrough has significant implications for future quantum technologies, including encryption and complex calculations.
Researchers develop new quantum imaging technique that captures images without detecting light used to illuminate the object, using entangled photon pairs. This breakthrough enables imaging in low-light conditions and has potential applications in biological and medical imaging.
Researchers use X-rays and a new apparatus to compare behavior of glass-forming liquids as they approach the glass transition. The results show that bulk properties are linked to microscopic structure, providing insight into the mysterious process of glass formation. This study has potential applications in pharmaceutical industry.
Scientists have discovered two separate phases of ferromagnesian silicate in the lower mantle, one containing nearly no iron and the other rich in iron. This finding has significant implications for seismology and the study of earthquakes, highlighting the need to reconsider existing models.
A team led by Robert Boyd at the University of Rochester replicated a 2012 experiment that appeared to violate a fundamental law of quantum mechanics. By analyzing the data more subtly, they found that biased sampling was the cause of the anomaly, reaffirming the standard interpretation of quantum laws.
A study found that bioluminescent sharks possess higher rod densities in their eyes compared to non-bioluminescent sharks. This adaptation allows them to capture and process bioluminescent light more efficiently, which is crucial for communication, prey detection, and camouflage.
Researchers use a superconducting quantum device to record and analyze the paths a quantum system takes between two states, revealing the existence of a quantum equivalent of classical 'least action' path. The findings have implications for controlling biological and chemical systems using lasers.
Physicists Sergei Filippov and Mario Ziman have found a way to preserve quantum entanglement in particles passing through an amplifier and when transmitting signals over long distances. This breakthrough allows for more efficient quantum computing and secure communication channels.
Researchers have successfully demonstrated a photonic router – a quantum device based on an atom that enables routing of single photons by single photons. This achievement brings closer the goal of building quantum computers, which rely on superposition and photonic communication to process data in parallel.
Researchers have discovered a process called singlet fission that can increase solar cell efficiency by as much as 30 percent. This breakthrough has the potential to make solar cells more energy-efficient and widely adoptable.
A recent study finds a 400% discrepancy between expected and observed ultraviolet light in the cosmic budget, with implications for our understanding of dark matter. Scientists are working to shed light on the mystery, which may be explained by exotic new sources or decaying dark matter.
Physicists at University of Rochester use compressive sensing to measure both momentum and position of a quantum system without violating the Uncertainty Principle. The technique allows for efficient measurement of conjugate variables, enabling new insights into quantum behavior.
A Georgia Tech study finds that ultraviolet photons emitted by the sun cause H2O molecules to desorb or break apart on the lunar surface. The presence of useful amounts of water on the sunward side is unlikely due to high probability of removal through UV light absorption.
Researchers at ICFO have demonstrated a nonlinear interferometer that can measure tiny magnetization with improved sensitivity. This breakthrough confirms theoretical predictions and paves the way for more accurate quantum measurements.
The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) will measure Earth's elevation with six beams, generating a more detailed portrait than the original ICESat. Scientists will track change, including melting glaciers and sea ice, using precise height measurements.