Articles tagged with Open Access
The University of Wisconsin-Madison is leading a five-year, $30 million program to operate and expand the Open Science Grid, tapping into thousands of processors distributed across more than 30 universities and federal research laboratories. The project aims to lower the barrier to individual scientists using advanced computing.
A study published in Critical Care reveals that diabetes triples the risk of developing critical illness and dying young compared to non-diabetic individuals. Obesity without diabetes does not significantly increase the risk of critical illness or mortality.
Researchers predict that climate change will reduce cyclamen's ideal climate range by over 60% within the next 50 years, putting many species at high risk of extinction. Mathematical modeling indicates that the plant may disappear from certain regions by the 2050s.
The Public Library of Science (PLoS) has launched PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, a new open access journal focused on the world's most neglected diseases. The journal aims to promote science, policy, and advocacy for diseases affecting poor countries, with a focus on rigorously peer-reviewed research.
Chemistry Central Journal, a pioneering international open access journal, was unveiled at the American Chemical Society meeting in San Francisco. The journal aims to publish research in all areas of chemistry, with a focus on discipline-specific sections.
A new study published in PLoS Medicine suggests that delivering rheumatoid arthritis drugs directly into the central nervous system improves treatment outcomes. Researchers found that blocking a protein called p38 with spinal cord administration reduced inflammation, arthritis, and joint destruction in arthritic rats.
The article highlights the alarming rate of chronic diseases and injuries in Latin America and the Caribbean, with seven out of ten deaths attributed to these causes. The authors argue that lack of funding for health research is hindering efforts to address this crisis.
Advances in biology are hindered by obstacles such as dwindling National Institutes of Health budgets and overly burdensome regulatory requirements. The Association of American Medical Colleges has outlined key recommendations to promote translational research, including increased investment in medical schools and teaching hospitals.
Researchers developed a new, simple, and accurate dipstick test to identify the cause of bacterial meningitis outbreaks in Africa. The test uses patient spinal fluid and can determine the presence of four common meningococcus groups, paving the way for targeted treatment decisions.
A Swedish study found that pensioners who received regular home visits from health professionals had a mortality rate nearly half that of those without visits. The mortality rate increased after the visits ended.
A study found that patients with somatization syndrome incorrectly remember the likelihood of medical explanations for their symptoms. Doctors can reduce this bias by asking patients for summaries about what they've been told, benefiting both patients and the healthcare system.
Recruitment incentives have grown due to competition among research sponsors, offering substantial finder's fees. This raises concerns about physician judgment, patient safety, and public trust in clinical research. The issues cannot be resolved by sanctioning individuals, but rather require broader institutional and regulatory reform.
A new study suggests that shorter TB treatment courses of just 2 months could reduce new cases and deaths by 13% and 19% respectively. This would free up resources to improve detection efforts and potentially lead to greater impact on TB control. Implementing such treatments earlier than planned in 2012 could yield even more benefits.
Research ethics committees run for profit face criticism for prioritizing sponsors' interests over study safety. Examples show that well-performing for-profit IRBs exist, but critics argue that the financial stakes create a conflict of interest. Huge profits from clinical trials can lead to delays in approval and impact patient care.
New research shows that British American Tobacco (BAT) has been complicit in China's cigarette smuggling crisis, benefiting from illicit trade. BAT's internal documents show the company has restructured operations to control and expand contraband trade across Asia.
A new study published in PLoS Biology found that avoiding punishment activates the same brain reward centers as receiving a reward. Researchers used fMRI to scan the brains of humans performing an instrumental conditioning task, where participants could either lose or win money. The results showed that the medial orbitofrontal cortex (...
Researchers developed a strategy combining two human monoclonal antibodies to combat SARS virus, offering potential breadth of protection against all strains and preventing escape variants. The study presents the characteristics of this antibody combination in cell-culture experiments.
A Spanish newspaper launched an HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B information service online, which became extremely popular in both Spain and Latin America. The service answered over 900 queries in its first year of operation.
A randomized trial in Zimbabwe found that providing HIV testing at the workplace significantly increases uptake of voluntary counselling and testing. The study suggests that this approach could improve HIV testing rates in Africa, and that intermittent provision might be as effective as continuous testing.
The situation of Nepalese children is dire, with over 1 in 11 dying before reaching the age of five, and almost 70,000 annual deaths from preventable causes. The ongoing conflict has disrupted healthcare delivery and education, exacerbating human rights violations.
In a study by Udo Groeger and Lutz Wiegrebe, vampire bats were taught to associate different human breathing patterns with cattle blood dispensers. The bats demonstrated the ability to recognize clips of humans breathing at rest and during physical strain, while human participants struggled to do so.
A study in PLoS Medicine found that US suicide rates fell from 12.2 to 10.4 per 100,000 between 1960 and 2002, coinciding with an increase in fluoxetine prescriptions from 1988 to 2002. The researchers suggest that fluoxetine may have saved up to 33,600 lives during this period.
The study finds that HIV/AIDS has a substantial impact on both armed forces and peacekeeping troops worldwide, compromising their effectiveness. Increasing rates of HIV in Russia, India, and China could lead to political, economic, and military repercussions, potentially diverting resources away from the fight against HIV/AIDS.
PLOS ONE introduces a new approach to open-access publishing, eliminating barriers between authors and their audience. The platform employs powerful search tools, annotations, and discussion threads to facilitate exploration and understanding of diverse content.
Researchers found no link between a fatty diet and an increased risk of skin cancer. In fact, patients who had previously been diagnosed with a skin cancer other than melanoma even had a lower risk of getting a further non-melanoma skin cancer if they reported consuming more fat.
This article emphasizes the importance of addressing social determinants of health inequities. It highlights the limitations of reductionism in medicine and suggests that a systems biology approach could be valuable for clinical medicine, focusing on the holistic characteristics of a problem rather than its component parts.
The Chikungunya outbreak in the Indian Ocean affects several islands and India, with a large portion of populations infected. The disease is caused by the chikungunya virus, spread by mosquito bites, and has no specific treatment. Genetic analysis reveals unique molecular features among outbreak strains.
The new open-access journal aims to increase the accuracy and completeness of evidence available for clinical decision-making. All randomized trials are rigorously peer-reviewed and reported accurately, regardless of outcome.
Researchers found that caterpillars respond to variations in plant volatile production to reduce encounters with parasitic wasps. The study demonstrates that plant volatiles, rather than light, control the daily behavior of caterpillars.
A natural experiment found that open-access articles in PNAS gained a significant citation advantage over non-OA articles, being twice as likely to be cited within 4-10 months and almost three times more likely between 10-16 months after publication. The study suggests that open access accelerates the dissemination of scientific research.
Researchers found that density of infected nymphs varies significantly from year to year, primarily influenced by fluctuations in acorn, mouse, and chipmunk abundance. Acorns emerge as the best predictor of Lyme disease risk due to their crucial role in supporting rodent populations.
Researchers found that high-dose CRF injections triggered intense bursts of sugar craving in response to a cue, but low doses or no injection had minimal effect. The study suggests a potential link between stress and binge behavior.
A recent disease outbreak in China, caused by Streptococcus suis, has resulted in 38 deaths and highlights the importance of occupational exposure to pigs. Researchers found that the pathogen was linked to outbreaks in local pig populations, but a new strain may be responsible for the severity of symptoms.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) journal has commemorated the late editor-in-chief Nicholas R. Cozzarelli, who improved the quality and reach of the journal through dynamic initiatives. He also championed open-access publishing, making research papers freely available to researchers and the public.
African stonechats exhibit spontaneous nocturnal activity echoing that of European stonechats, indicating the presence of Zugunruhe. The researchers propose that this migratory program may be a common avian feature, allowing birds to adapt to environmental changes.
A study of 216 individuals found that those living on the coast reported more health issues, with a mean symptom score of 14.1 compared to inland residents. The authors conclude that long-term effects of crude oil spills on local populations warrant further investigation.
Research shows brain activity persists and evolves with time after learning new information, integrating recent memories through dynamic processing. The findings challenge the idea that sleep is essential for strengthening memories.
Authors debate the benefits and harms of direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs. Some argue it can promote underused, life-saving medications, while others claim it raises patients' expectations, increases the quality of care, but also delivers flawed information that may lead to premature adoption of new drugs.
Researchers in Hong Kong found that flu outbreaks increase hospital admissions for heart conditions, stroke, diabetes, and respiratory diseases. Influenza was responsible for 11.6% of respiratory disease admissions, comparable to temperate countries.
A study found that three pharmaceutical promotional brochures contained data that differed from the results of underlying studies. Of the 20 identified studies, 15 were deemed valid, while 16 had been funded by the pharmaceutical company producing the drug. This raises concerns about the accuracy of promotional marketing materials.
Researchers found that Culex mosquitoes changed their feeding behavior from American robins to humans in the fall, leading to large-scale outbreaks of disease. The study's findings suggest a continent-wide phenomenon and may explain why West Nile virus outbreaks are more intense in the US than in Europe and Africa.
Researchers use functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the brain regions involved in illusory tactile perceptions. The study finds that the same sector of the brain is activated whether the sensation is real or illusory, suggesting a connection between conscious perception and somatotopic cortical processing.
A study of 3,778 individuals found that 52.1% of those with circulatory disorders continued to smoke. Only 3.4% of smokers had received counselling in the past year.
In cluttered conditions, observers make more high-confidence errors due to increased background noise and reduced accuracy. The study's findings suggest far-reaching implications for complex cognitive tasks, including problem-solving and memory.
A study found that genes involved in the innate immune response are underexpressed in female mice during puberty, while those involved in the adaptive immune response are overexpressed. This difference is controlled by the Fas/FasL pathway, modulated by estrogen.
Between 2000 and 2003, Sweden reported an increasing number of MRSA infections, peaking at 544 cases in 2003. A significant portion, 433 cases, were acquired outside the country.
Researchers analyze cost-effectiveness of different screening strategies to prevent cases through contaminated blood products. Screening only during mosquito season is deemed unnecessary in states with low WNV infection rates, while creating a 'supersafe' pool of blood for vulnerable individuals may be an effective solution.
A recent study reveals a catastrophic collapse in orangutan populations due to massive deforestation and palm oil plantations. The genetic analysis indicates that the decline occurred within the past hundred years, coinciding with the acceleration of deforestation efforts.
A study found that patients prefer receiving both their GP letter and patient letter, as they provide valuable information. The letters were also compared for accuracy, with GPs preferring the structured format of their own letters.
Researchers discovered that adult interneurons in the visual cortex can dynamically change their branch tips through growth, retraction, and new additions. This finding highlights the complex dynamic properties of cortical neurons, which may underlie observed functional reorganizations.
A study of 1627 patients found that 53% stopped treatment early, with 36% citing ineffective treatment or worsening symptoms. Patients who experienced an early response to medication were 80% more likely to complete treatment, highlighting the importance of early symptom control and discussing treatment expectations.
Dr. Raz examines inconsistencies in antidepressant data for treating child and adolescent depression, highlighting the need for stronger evidence and questioning the safety of SSRIs for this age group.
A study of 80 medical school applicants found that assessors couldn't accurately predict happiness with a career in medicine from application forms. Higher educational qualifications were associated with perceived happiness, but didn't actually predict it.
A new study suggests that declining biodiversity in pollination networks may threaten plant community persistence. The experimentally manipulated plant and pollinator interactions show increased pollination efficiency with complementary insect and flower pairings.
A new study found that racial and ethnic minorities are just as willing, if not more willing, to participate in health research than non-Hispanic whites. However, they were less likely to be invited to participate in these studies, highlighting the need for improved access and inclusivity.
Researchers found that progressive loss of two types of hypothalamic neurons, Pomc and Agrp, leads to altered food intake patterns in mice. This discovery provides a potentially informative model for studying human age-related obesity and the regulation of energy homeostasis.
Researchers found that human cells without securin protein can recover from widespread chromosome losses over time, suggesting compensatory mechanisms at play. This discovery has implications for cancer treatment, as mathematical models often assume cell populations cannot recover from chromosomal instability.
A gene variant in Complement Factor H is associated with an increased risk of soft drusen, a precursor to advanced age-related macular degeneration. The study found that the CFH variant contributes to the development of soft drusen but does not determine who will progress to advanced AMD.
A study found significant differences in genetic effects between Chinese and non-Chinese studies on gene-disease associations. The researchers identified 161 Chinese studies on 12 topics, but only 20 were indexed in PubMed. This bias may lead to skewed evidence depending on language and publication sources.
A recent study found that nearly one-third of clinicians surveyed do not feel confident in counselling patients who report intimate partner violence. The study also revealed that only 10% of reports documented the clinician's level of documentation, highlighting a need for improved training and protocols.