Articles tagged with Scientific Journals
The study found that open peer review fosters cooperation between reviewers and authors, leading to higher accuracy. Non-anonymous open review systems reward good reviewers, whereas traditional closed reviews do not.
Researchers developed a computational model to predict justice's votes, outperforming legal expert forecasts and case content algorithms. The study found decreasing court predictability over the Warren-Rehnquist era and lower predictability during Democratic presidencies.
The 2011 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards honored journalists Mark Johnson and Kathleen Gallagher for their compelling series on the use of genetic analysis to find the cause of an unknown disease. The awards also recognized Christine Peterson, Kerry Huller, and Wes Watson of the Casper Star-Tribune for their series on the shrinkin...
A Japanese study reveals that the brain, not the eye, produces afterimage illusions in complementary shapes. The research found that the brain's shape-processing visual cortex is responsible for creating these illusory shapes, which were observed in a novel afterimage illusion.
A study found that subtly manipulating body posture influences people's estimates of quantities such as sizes, numbers, or percentages. Participants who leaned left estimated lower quantities, while those who stood upright gave more accurate estimates.
Researchers analyzed genealogies of early pioneers and found they had significantly more children than those who settled within the core of an existing colony. Women on the edge of colonization also showed a 15% higher fertility rate due to earlier marriage, suggesting that fertility can rapidly evolve during range expansion.
Scientists have discovered that Alzheimer's protein tangles involve at least three different proteins, including neurofilaments and vimentin, in addition to the previously identified tau protein. This discovery could lead to a better understanding of the disease's progression and potential new drug targets.
Researchers found that individuals rationalize restrictions they cannot change, but rebel when they believe a change is possible. This finding could explain uprisings and unrequited love, suggesting that perceived absoluteness influences behavior.
A new study published in Perspectives on Psychological Science suggests that women's lower scores on technical aptitude tests may be due to biased testing methods rather than a lack of interest. The researcher found that women score lower on technical aptitude at all intelligence levels, while also exhibiting higher levels of general i...
A new study in Biological Psychiatry found that targeted brain stimulation increased cigarette cravings, while low-frequency stimulation had no effect. The study suggests that stimulating the superior frontal gyrus could be a potential treatment for smoking cessation.
A new study published in Perspectives in Psychological Science reveals that curiosity plays a significant role in academic success, with personality traits like curiosity being as important as intelligence. Conscientiousness is also found to be a key factor, suggesting that teaching methods can inspire curiosity and motivation.
A new study by Loran Nordgren and Eileen Chou found that thinking may not be effective in resisting temptation, as it depends on the interaction between temptation and visceral state. Cognitive mechanisms such as attention and motivated valuation can either promote impulsive behavior or self-control, depending on the context.
Research finds 94% of thermal cash register receipts contain BPA, contaminating paper products such as napkins and food packaging. The recycling process is a significant source of BPA exposure, contributing to up to 33.5 tons of BPA in the environment annually.
A new study published in Psychological Science found that fans of baseball teams tend to remember the games their teams won more than the ones they lost. The researchers discovered that positive experiences and social factors play a significant role in boosting memory for winning events.
A new study published in Current Directions in Psychological Science suggests that paying too much attention to performance can lead to decreased success. Research has shown that athletes under pressure exhibit changes in movement patterns, such as altered club head angles during golf swings and reduced joint mobility in climbers.
Researchers found that working memory capacity significantly impacts performance in various tasks, regardless of deliberate practice. Basic capacities and abilities play an important role in skilled performance, challenging the idea that expertise is solely acquired through experience.
Researchers have pushed back the timeline of North America's first known hunters to at least 14,000 years ago, revealing a longer period of large mammal hunting and potentially contributing to their extinction. The discovery was made through DNA analysis of a spearhead found in a mastodon remains.
Awareness of mortality increases support for heroic figures and punitive policies. Psychological research reveals how 'mortality salience' can bias voters toward emotions over rational decision-making, leading to polarization and demonization of opposing views.
Researchers found that the brain can selectively focus on visual information from one eye, even when both eyes are receiving images. This selective attention enhances the processing of visual information from the focused eye.
Researchers have built upon the 2009 discovery of TAL effector proteins, which enable targeted gene manipulation, leading to breakthroughs in understanding gene function and improving traits in livestock and plants. The technology has also been successfully used in model organisms such as yeast, zebrafish, and human stem cells.
A study found that whistleblowing can lead to overwhelming distress, nightmares, and loss of confidence among nurses. The research highlights the need for healthcare organizations to provide ongoing care and support for whistleblowers.
A new study suggests that politeness strategies can cause confusion about the meaning of statements, especially in sensitive or high-stakes situations. This confusion can have negative consequences for safety and security, as well as decision-making in corporate culture.
The Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) will partner with Carl Zeiss MicroImaging to support the sharing of scientific information through open access. JoVE will film and edit three open-access video articles, which will undergo rigorous peer-review.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have discovered a modified aquaporin, AQP10, which is more stable due to its carbohydrate structure. This stability makes it potentially useful for treating diseases such as eczema and cancer.
The Optical Society's Applied Optics journal publishes a special focus issue on Light and Color in the Open Air, featuring striking images of natural optical phenomena such as rainbows, fog bows, coronas, sprites, and mirages. The accompanying online photo gallery showcases the beauty and science behind these phenomena.
A literature review found that people's judgments of others' moral wrongdoing are influenced by their physical state, with exposure to cleanliness improving moral perceptions. Additionally, using soap can alleviate post-decision doubt and reduce feelings of guilt associated with negative experiences.
Researchers argue that context, including conceptual information and cultural background, significantly influences facial emotional perception. Studies show that people can accurately perceive emotions only when context is provided, highlighting the limitations of relying solely on facial expressions.
Scientists have identified a protein that controls the development of varicose veins, offering new hope for prevention and treatment. By inhibiting this protein, researchers were able to stall the progression of varicose veins and reduce the need for surgery, potentially improving quality of life for those affected.
The Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) is now offering free subscriptions to developing countries through the HINARI initiative. This move aims to address information inequality by providing access to visual content, including over 1,300 video-protocols on experimental approaches in various fields.
Researchers are using smartphones to conduct large-scale language studies, collecting data from over 4,157 subjects in seven languages. This innovative approach allows for faster data collection and opens up possibilities for future research on human cognition.
Researchers discover that six-month-old babies recall the existence of objects even when hidden from view, but not their details. This discovery sheds light on how young brains process object information.
The article argues that the US needs an educational system that supports talented children better. Academically talented young people need mental skills training like athletes and artistic performers to handle pressure and success. The current system rarely provides such opportunities.
A study in Psychological Science found that self-compassion uniquely predicts good outcomes for individuals going through a divorce. Self-compassion, including kindness towards oneself, recognition of common humanity, and the ability to let painful emotions pass, can promote resilience and positive outcomes.
A new study found that Dutch voters tend to think people who don't cast a ballot support their own party. This phenomenon allows voters and politicians to exaggerate the influence or size of their own party. The researchers suggest that this occurs due to social validation and a desire to promote one's party's success.
A study reveals that tumors can disable the T cell–attracting protein CCL2 by modifying it with reactive nitrogen species, keeping T cells out. Scientists are now developing RNS-blocking drugs to restore T cell function and potentially enhance cancer treatment.
A new study found that neuroticism is linked to increased brain activity during pain anticipation in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This heightened emotional response may exacerbate chronic pain conditions. Physicians should consider a patient's mental state when determining treatment regimens.
Infants use 'statistical learning' to predict future events and find boundaries between movements. This skill is crucial for learning words, and researchers believe it begins as early as 7-9 months old.
A new study found that people's 'no' responses can reveal hidden memories, suggesting everything we see may make its way into our memory
The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants is set to undergo significant changes allowing scientists to publish new species discoveries entirely online. This shift aims to increase the efficiency and accessibility of scientific research in the digital age.
A recent study investigates how individuals respond to unexpected and unsettling events, suggesting that different threat-reduction approaches can be adaptive in various situations. The researchers propose a new framework for understanding responses to such events, highlighting the importance of considering individual perspectives on t...
The American Dental Association recommends using sugar-free polyol gum, lozenges, and hard candy to prevent cavities in patients at high risk. Nonfluoride varnishes with chlorhexidine and thymol can also be effective when used as adjuncts to fluoride-containing products.
A special digital issue featuring 150-page four-volume reports from first-person accounts of responders who were thrust into the world spotlight on September 11, 2001. The report highlights the devastating effects of 9/11 on responders' lives and relationships, as well as their reluctance to seek counseling.
A study published in Scientometrics suggests that pressure to report only positive results is driving a decline in scientific research globally. The analysis of over 4,600 papers found that the proportion of studies with contradictory findings decreased from 1990 to 2007.
Researchers created a simulator of a collapsed building to test portable sensors that use human metabolites, detecting carbon dioxide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds. The study's findings hold promise for improving detection systems in disaster scenarios.
A new commentary in The FASEB Journal emphasizes the importance of using only FDA-approved diagnostic tools for chronic Lyme disease. Patients should demand proof of safety and benefit before beginning treatment, as some treatments have little scientific evidence to support their effectiveness.
A study by Yale University cognitive psychologists found that intense focus on objects can distort perception of where things are in relation to one another. Participants in the experiment reported the attended objects as closer together than they really were, while the other objects were seen as farther apart.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have successfully demonstrated nanoscale spin waves, which could replace microwave technology in mobile phones and wireless networks. The study opens up new possibilities for magnonics, a field that uses nanoscale magnetic waves.
A new study of 54 nations found that more progressive taxation is associated with greater personal well-being and life satisfaction. The researchers analyzed data from the Gallup Organization and found that citizens in nations with more progressive taxes reported having more satisfying experiences and fewer discomfiting ones.
Researchers recruited participants from Germany and Portugal to rate pictures of a composite face, finding that the average face perceived as 'typical European' differed significantly between the two groups. The study's findings have implications for racial profiling and suggest that people may use mental shortcuts when thinking about ...
David B. Marshall and Koichi Niihara will be recognized for their groundbreaking research in strengthening, toughening, and reliability of ceramics and ceramic composites. They are renowned experts in the field, with extensive publications and patents to their names.
A study by Elaine M. Wong and colleagues found that CEOs with wider faces relative to their face height had significantly better firm financial performance. However, the effect was mitigated when top management teams took a simplistic view of the world. Companies where managers saw complexity, the CEO's face shape was less important.
A study of 1,625 people across 15 countries found economic inequality is a stronger predictor of self-enhancement than individualism or collectivism. This suggests that competition and unequal resource distribution can lead to increased self-inflation.
The Saudi Ministry of Health has published its 2011 health conditions for travelers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the Hajj pilgrimage. The guidelines outline the full requirements for entry into Saudi Arabia and aim to protect pilgrims from communicable diseases. Travelers are urged to read the guidelines thoroughly.
A new study found that four-year-olds can differentiate between individuals who provide accurate information due to independent knowledge and those who rely on external help. This skill allows children to seek out trustworthy sources, enabling more effective learning.
Research finds speaking and understanding speech use same areas of the brain, with no involvement of motor regions when listening, contradicting previous assumptions. The study suggests that language-related problems may not always be independent, and offers new avenues for treatment.
A new study demonstrates the benefits of self-affirmation in improving relational security and social behavior for insecure people. Participants who completed a self-affirmation task showed improved relationships and behaviors over two months.
Research highlights acceptance's importance to humans, while rejection leads to poor physical and mental health. DeWall recommends seeking support after rejection to cope with its negative effects.
Researchers find that our brains process groups of similar characteristics in a sequential manner, with limitations on perceiving multiple groups at once. This illusion has implications for the design of complex graphic systems and our understanding of ordinary vision.
A recent study investigates corn silage hybrid responses to seeding rates, finding all hybrids require similar growth rates at four seeding rates. The study suggests that seeding rates should not be adjusted for different hybrid types.
A new experimental study from the University of California, San Diego suggests that spoilers don't spoil stories, but rather enhance enjoyment. People who flip to the last page before starting a book have better intuition and prefer spoiled versions of ironic-twist and mystery stories.